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Unit 3 A taste of English humour一、语言要点I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. especially / specially / particularly 2. common / usual / ordinary3. convince / persuade词形变化1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐humorous adj. 幽默的，诙谐的2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事)bored adj.感到无趣的或单调的 boring adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的4. mouth n. 嘴，口mouthful n.一口；少量5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的 adv.直接地 vt.对准；指导direction n.方向pl.说明书；指引；指导director n.指导者，主管；董事；导演6. explain v. 讲解，解释explanation n.解释，说明，阐述重点单词 1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.u满足；内容；目录；adj.感到满足的 2. astonish vt. 使吃惊 3. entertain vt. 使欢乐；款待4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信5. direct vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地6. whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈重点词组1. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的做表语或定语2. pick out 挑出；辨别出3. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等) 4. star in 在主演；担任主角重点句子1. Not that Charlie s own life was easy!2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.重点语法V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. specially / especially / particularly【解释】specially = on purpose故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式。如：I came here specially to see you. 我特地到这儿来看你。especially = particularly = in particular = in especial特别地；尤其是；特别是，通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充，是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，强调“超过其他，与众不同”，在介词或连词前用得较多。如：I like Harbin, especially in summer. 我喜爱哈尔滨，尤其是哈尔滨的夏天。【练习】用specially，especially，particularly填空。1). I like my hometown, _ in spring. 2). These shoes were _ made for you. 3). A committee has been _ appointed to look into the matter.4). We did very well in this exam, _ our monitor. 2. common / usual / ordinary【解释】common意为“普通的，平常的”，指常见的，常发生的，不足为奇的;共有的；共同的usual意为“通常的，习惯性的”，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。ordinary意为“通常的，普通的，日常的，随时都可以碰到的”，与common意思接近。【练习】用common，usual，ordinary填空。1). He arrived later than _. 2). Rabbits and foxes are _ in Britain. 3). Tom Sawyer was a/an _ American boy who kept getting into trouble.4). Our _ workday is eight hours. 5). He s not an officer, but a/an _ soldier.3. convince / persuade【解释】convince “说服”，着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”。persuade “说服”，着重情感上的“劝告”或“说服某人做/不做某事”。【练习】用convince，persuade填空。1). He _ me that I should study law. 2). He _ me not to stay. 3). The officials were eager to _ us of the safety of the nuclear reactors. 4). I _ (convince) I saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 5). How can we persuade him into _ (join) us?III 词性变化 1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事)bored adj.感到无趣的或单调的 boring adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的4. mouth n. 嘴，口mouthful n.一口；少量5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的adv.直接地vt.对准；指导direction n.方向pl.说明书；指引；指导director n.指导者，主管；董事；导演6. explain v. 讲解，解释explanation n.解释，说明，阐述7. manage managementmanager8. comedy 喜剧Comedian 喜剧演员；丑角9.amuse v 使发笑；使愉快amusement n. 娱乐；消遣amusing adj 10 react v. reaction n. 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). _ (fortune), the drowning child was saved.2). He gave a _ (humor) account of their trip to Spain first. 3). Tom went off in one _ (direct) and Harry in another.4). He now felt ready to take on the role of _ (direct).5). The earthquake left thousands of people _ (home). 6). I m stuffed. I couldn t eat another _ (mouth). 7). Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their _ (bore) or difficult work is unnoticed. 8). There is no convincing _ (explain) of the overall structure of the universe.IV 重点词汇 1. so they could feel more content with their lives. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.u满足；书的内容目录；容器里的东西 adj.感到满足的典例 1). As there s no cream, we ll have to content ourselves with black coffee. 既然没有奶油, 我们只好喝清咖啡算了。2). He is content to remain where he is now. 他安於现状。3）You will have to content yourself with what you have. 你应该满足于你所拥有的一切。重点用法content oneself with sth. 满足或满意於某事物 be/feel content with 对感到满足 be content to do sth. 愿意做某事 to one s heart s content 尽情地；心满意足地练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). Simple praise is enough to _ him.2). I like the style of the book but I dont like the _.3). She _ _ _ (感到非常满足) stay at home looking after her children. 2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 典例 1). The news astonished everybody. 这个消息令大家惊讶。2). I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound. 我被那些巨大的声响吓了一跳。重点用法be astonished at/by sth. 因/被感到惊讶be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶It astonishes sb. that 令某人惊讶的是be astonished that 对感到惊讶练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). It astonished me _ no one has thought of this before.2). We were _ (astonish) that he appeared at the party.3). I find _ quite _ (astonish) that none of you like the play. 3. His subtle acting made everything entertaining. （他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑）entertain vt.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 entertainment n. 娱乐；款待典例1). Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们。2). Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper? 我做晚饭时, 你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗?重点用法entertain sb. with sth./by doing sth. 用某物/通过做某事使某人欢乐练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). He entertained us for hours _ (介词) his stories and jokes. 2). He fell in the water, much to the _ (entertain) of the children. 3). We hired a magician to keep the children _ (entertain). 4. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.（这场表演是那么有说服力）convince vt. 使信服；使确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的典例1). We convinced him to go by train rather than plane. 我们说服了他坐火车去，不要搭飞机去。2). How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信（她很诚实）呢?重点用法convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb. that 使某人相信be convinced of / that坚信；确信练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). What she said _ (convince) me that I was mistaken.2). I soon convinced him _ (介词) my innocence.3). What convinced you _ (vote) for them? 4). Im _ (convince) that he is guilty.5). That was the most _ (convince) I had ever heard.5. Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. Direct vt.&vi. 导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地典例1). Can you direct me (to the station)? 你告诉我（到车站）怎麽走好吗?2). She has a direct way of speaking. 她说话直爽。重点用法 direct 短语：direct.at/towards sb./sth. 把指向某人/事 direct sb. to a place 指引某人到某处 direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事direct (that) sb./sth. (should) do/be done 指示/命令某人/事做/被做练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). He was directed _ (介词) a table beside the window. 2). The judge directed that the mother _ (give) custody of the children. 3). There was a police officer _ (direct) the traffic. 6. Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈 典例1). “I feel very afraid,” she whispered. “我觉得很害怕，”她低声说。2). He spoke in a whisper. 他低声说话。重点用法 whisper 短语：whisper sth. 小声说某事 whisper to sb. 小声对某人说whisper sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事 whisper to sb. that 小声对某人说it is whispered that 据传闻 in a whisper n. 耳语；低声地= in whispers练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). He whispered a word _ (介词) my ear. 2). He whispered _ (介词) her so that no one else would hear.3). It _ (whisper) that the firm is likely to go bankrupt. 7. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. * failure: c 失败者； U 失败 fail v. 失败，不及格*overcome v. 战胜；克服 * have difficulty (in) doing something*have difficulty with something * * * * * *-I fail to see the logic behind his argument. 我不明白支持他论据的是什么逻辑。-He failed in his attempt to take control of the company.他试图掌控公司，但以失败告终。- I just felt I had been a failure in my personal life.我就是觉得我的个人生活很失败。 * * * * * *-She was overcome with grief when her husband died. 丈夫去世时她悲痛欲绝。-Sue was overcome by surprise when Peter walked in. 当彼得走进屋时，苏吓了一跳。*Defeat 赢得胜利，多指军事上的胜利， 如defeat the enemyConquer 征服；战胜， 多指获得对人、物或感情的空制，如conquer natureOvercome 战胜“非物质的东西”，如 overcome difficulties. 8. On one occasion, he was trapped by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area. (在一幕场景中)On one occasion in a restaurant he ordered a steak tartare. （有一次）Occasion : n. 时刻；场合;机会；时机occasional 偶尔；不经常的On occasion 偶尔 occasionally 偶尔；间或On one occasion 有一次 -a truly memorable occasion 非常难忘的时刻-Mr Davis has been asked on a number of occasions. 戴维斯先生曾多次被问及。- Such an occasion demands the most careful consideration. .这样的场合需要最周到的考虑。* * * There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. (任何人都有不得不屈服的时候) This is not an occasion for laughter, where you must take things seriously. （这不是你该笑的场合）9. What did John think Mary should have done with the mess in the pan? Mess : n. 脏或乱的状态；麻烦；困境；混乱What a mess! 真乱啊！ Be in a mess 一团糟；处于困境中Make a mess of sth 把事情搞糟 get somebody into a mess. 使某人陷入困境10. How do you think John will react to her?*React - reaction-They reacted violently to the news.他们对这条新闻反应强烈。-She reacted against the mindlessness and luxury of their lives.她对他们生活的盲目和奢侈很反对。11 He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. Stiffly: 僵硬地-The furniture was stiff, uncomfortable, too delicate, and too neat.家具又硬又不舒服，太不结实而且太小巧。-Im stiff all over right now I hope I can recover for tomorrows race. 我现在全身酸痛希望明天比赛时能恢复过来。-You look frozen stiff . 看来你冻僵了12 Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in.* the direct flight 直达航班 * direct adv. 表示旅程、路线“直接”、“径直”，指途中不耽搁，不走弯路，表示具体的含义。引申还可表示“直接地”“亲自地”,不经过第三者转手直接交付对方。 -The train goes direct to Qingdao. 直达青岛- You had better write direct to the headmaster.你最好自己写给校长。-It costs more to fly direct to HK.（直飞香港的航班票价要高些。）* Directly : 作副词时， 表示做事的方式“直接地，坦率地”， 表示抽象含义。-We have not been directly affected by the latest cuts.-The measure affects me directly. 此举措对我有直接影响。- She looked directly to the boss. (她直视着老板。）- directly opposite(正好相反)13 throughout 【知识归纳】 prep.遍及, 贯穿adv. 到处, 始终, 全-rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。-Words and images are being sent throughout the world by mobile phones.文字和图像正通过移动电话传遍全世界。-I watched the film and cried throughout.我看那个电影时从头哭到尾。【联想拓展】1)作介词时，throughout + 地点 = all over + 地点throughout + 时间 = all through + 时间常见的搭配有：throughout the day 整天 throughout ones life 终生throughout history 在整个历史上 throughout the century 整个世纪throughout the country 遍及全国 throughout the night 整个晚上2)throughout 作副词时，常用于句尾。如：The house is painted throughout / all over.这所房子全部油漆了一遍。翻译句子：1）The disease spread _ _ _. 这种疾病蔓延全国。2）It snowed _ _ _. 雪整整下了一夜。3）The house is _ _ _.这房子处处都建得很好。V 重点词组 1 Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的 做表语或定语 典例1). They are too badly off to have a holiday. 他们贫困得根本谈不上度假。2). We shouldnt complain about being poor - many families are much worse off. 我们不应该因为穷而叫苦连天 许多人的家境更糟。3) You must be badly off for books if youre reading that silly story. 你看那种无聊的故事，那你一定是缺书读。4) Our junior middle school was then badly off for teachers. 当时我们初级中学缺少教师。重点用法反义词：well off 过得很富；富的；富有的做表语或定语 Worse off 境况更差的 better off 境况更好的练习 根据句子的意思翻译。 1). In the old days people _ _ _ (过得很差). 2). Though he is always wearing old clothes, he is _ _ _ _ (并不如你想的那么穷) as you think. 3). In fact most people are _ _ _ (要富裕) they were five yeas ago.2. Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti. pick out 挑出；辨别出 典例1). He picked out the ripest peach. 他把熟得最透的桃挑了出来。2). The window frames are picked out in blue against the white walls. 蓝色的窗框衬在白墙上十分显眼。 重点用法 pick out sb./sth. from. 从中挑出/辨别出某人/物pick up 捡起；让某人搭车；继续；摔倒后站起来；便宜地买到；接收(节目)；无意中学会练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的短语。1). She _ _ _ from thousands of applicants for the job. 2). We ll _ _ where we finished yesterday. 3). She soon _ _ French when she went to live in France. 4). _ _ those books that youd like to read. 3. Charlie cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等)典例1). Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。2). If you don t pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off. 你若不立即付清煤气费，就要停止向你供气。重点用法 cut短语：cut down 砍倒；削减cut in 插嘴cut up 切碎 cut sth in half/two把某物切割成两半cut sth into halves/thirds/quarters/把某物切割成两半/三瓣/四瓣练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的cut短语或介词。1). The village was _ _ from the outside world by the heavy snow for days. 2). She always _ _ when other people are talking.3). I won t have a cigarette, thanks - I m trying to _ _ on them.4). He was asking 400 for the car, but we cut him down _ (介词)350. 5). She _ _ the vegetables and then put them into the hot pot. 4. Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. star in 在主演；担任主角典例She is to star in a new film. 她将主演一部新影片。重点用法 star短语：star sb (in sth.) 使某人担任主角；由某人主演star with somebody in 与某人搭档主演练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的短语或介词。1). Ben Kingsley _ _ the film “Gandhi”. 2). The director wanted to star Michael Caine _ (介词) his new film. 5. slide into 溜进；不知不觉地陷入；不知不觉地染上- If prices rise the country could slide into anarchy. 如果物价上涨，国家将有可能陷入混乱状态。-Be careful not to slide into a bad habit. 当心不要不知不觉地就染上坏习惯。-She slid into the room.她趁人不注意溜进房间。6. add up 加起来，合计； 一致；合理- Every time I add up these figures, I get a different result. 每次我加上这些数字，结果不一样。- I cant understand this case; the facts just dont add up. 我不理解这一案例，这些事实不能说明问题。- Many small victories add up to a big one. 积小胜为大胜。- . Five and eleven add up to sixteen. 5加11是16。7 bring out 显示出；阐述；出版;鼓励- They are bringing out a new edition of the dictionary.他们正要出版这部词典的新版本- to bring out the meaning of a passage阐明一段文字的意义- He is totally dedicated and brings out the best in his pupils. 他全身心地投入，最大限度地激发学生的潜能。8. up to now 直到现在 到目前为止（通常与现在完成时连用）Up to now, the work has been quite smooth.到目前为止,工作很顺利。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 迄今为止我没得到他一点音信。【联想拓展】同义短语so far，by/till/until now up to 多达；直到；取决于，由决定；能胜任；做，忙于 -I can take up to four people in my car. 我的汽车最多能坐四个人。 -Its up to you to decide. 由你决定。 -Hes not up to the work. 他不能胜任这件工作。 -Whats he up to? 他做什么呢? 翻译句子1）_. 我至今没有得到她的答复。2）_. 到现在为止，他们之间还没达成协议。9. in between 在之间（可以单独使用），而 between 和 and 连用- Put the maple leaves in between the pages. 把枫叶夹在书里。-I reached for the leash, but the dog got in between. 我伸手去拿系狗绳，但被狗挡住了路。- I am not a girl, yet Im not a women, Im in between. 我不是个女孩，但我也不是一个女人，我在两者之间（比女孩成熟，比女人可爱）10. make up 组成；构成；虚构；编造-Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。-Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins. 昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。-I think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him.我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道。-She spent too much time making herself up.她在化妆上花去了太多时间。* * *Be made of Ice is made of water. （ 只发生了物理变化）Be made from . Paper can be made from grass ( 发生了化学变化)Be made into 由制成VI 重点句子 1. Not that Charlie s own life was easy! 倒不是说查理自己的生活是轻松的。 解释 not that“并非，倒不是说”，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。如：Who were you with last night? Not that I care, of course. 你昨晚和谁在一起？当然我不计较。练习 根据句子的意思翻译。 1). Kate had lost some weight - _ _ _ _(我倒不关心). 2). _ _ _ _ (我并不是说这个很要紧), but how did you spend the money I gave you? 2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 你会觉得震惊，卓别林会讲话的时候就被教唱歌，会走路的时候就学跳舞。解释 此句中it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语；astonishinga是动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。如：It is hardly surprising that rumours continue to circulate.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语结构中，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生”，v-ing 可用在感官动词(see, notice, watch, look at, find, hear, listen to, feel, catch)和表示“致使”意义的动词(get, have, keep, leave)后作宾语补足语。 如：Can you smell anything burning in the kitchen?练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). It s not _ (surprise) that you re putting on weight, considering how much you re eating. 2). I m sorry to have kept you _ (wait) for so long. 3). She caught them _ (steal) her apples. 3.As Victor Hugo once said, “ Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”-As引导非限制性定语从句，只代表主语或主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代某个名词或代词)，可以放在主句前，后或中间，在从句中作主语或宾语、例如：-As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)-He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)-As we all know, he studies very hard. (as 指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句首)-Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. (as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)4. and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. - No other student in her class is better than she. - There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world. 父母之爱，是世界上最伟大的爱。5. Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. (with 复合结构作状语)6 Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti. ( as if 引导方式状语从句)- 10 -
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