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Teaching planModule FourSandstorms in Asia Teaching Aims:1. Knowledge and Skilla. Get the students to review the violence of nature and know more about sandstorms and how to protect the environment.b. Through discussion and the comprehension of Reading, develop the students listening, speaking, reading and writing, mainly reading.c. Encourage the students to search the information on the Internet to gain more knowledge of sandstorms and environmental protection.d. Improve the students ability to read for specific facts.e. To grasp the usage of infinitive, pay more attention to the usage of but + infinitive.2.Emotion and Valuesa. Enable the students to talk about the cause and influence of sandstorms，and the ways to solve the problem in order to increase their sense of protecting the environment.b. To encourage the Ss to talk about the damage caused by sandstorm and their own feelings about it.3. Cross-cultural awareness:a. Understand the environmental protection of the whole world and strengthen their awareness of environment protection.4. Character-building:a. To strengthen their confidence of protecting the environment we are living in.b. Enable the students to talk about the sandstorms, the reasons for causing sandstorms and the importance of protecting environmentDifficulties and Importance:a. Conclude and collect the words and phrases related to environment and environmental protection.b. Ask students to think ways to protect the environment.c. Improve the students ability of grasping the general idea of the passage. Teaching Method:a. Task-based methodology b. Communicative ApproachTeaching Time:Five periods:Period 1 vocabulary and WritingSpeaking 1Period 2 Reading and VocabularyPeriod 3 Grammar 1 Infinitive Listening and VocabularyPeriod 4 Grammar 2 but + infinitiveEveryday English Period 5 Cultural cornerSpeaking 2WritingTeaching Procedures:Period 1Step 1. Warming upLook at the picture. Complete the sentences using the correct form of these words Then answer the following questions. blow bury frightening last sandstormThere has been a _. It _ for ten hours and was very _. The wind _the sand high aroundthe houses, and some cars were almost completely _by the sand.Suggested answers:1. sandstorm 2. has been blowing / has lasted3. frightening 4. was blowing 5. buriedQ1. What is a sandstorm?Q2. Whats the weather like when a sandstorm occurs?Q3. Whats the bad influence of a sandstorm?Suggested answers:Q1. Sandstorm is a kind of bad weather, which is becoming increasingly common in Northwestern China, and it usually happens in spring and fall. When a sandstorm comes, the wind blows strongly with dust and sand.Q2. There is strong, dry wind and the sky is yellow.Q3. cars slow down and have to turn on headlight; the visibility drops difficult for us to breathe dangerous to go out or driveStep 2 Further understandingWork in pairs. Discuss the following statements and decide whether it is true or false.1. Sandstorms begin in desert areas.2. Deserts are created by climate changes.3. Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.4. Sandstorms from Asia have blown across the Pacific Ocean to America.5. Sandstorms cant be prevented.6. The inland region has more sandstorms than the one near the sea.Suggested answers:1,2,3,4,6 T 5, FStep 3 DiscussionsQ1. Whats the cause of sandstorm?Q2. What should you do in a sandstorm to protect yourself?Suggested answers:Q1. climate changes; trees cut down; desertification; serious air and water pollution; the growing population of the world and so on.Q2: This is an open question.Step 4 SpeakingWork in pairs. Suppose there has been a bad sandstorm in your city.A: You are a reporter. You interview a man who has cycled to work in the sandstorm. Before you do the interview, write down the questions you want to ask.B: You felt frightened but you put on a mask and cycled to work in the sandstorm. Tell the reporter how you feel about the sandstorm. Describe how things looked in the sandstorm.Homework:1. Memorize the new words related to sandstorms.2. Preview the passage of Sandstorms in Asia.Period 2Step 1 Pre-readinga. Look at the photo and answer the following questions.1. Get Ss to come up with as many words as possible while looking at the picture.2. What is happening?3. What is the cyclist wearing and why?4. What do you think happened to traffic in this situation? Why?5. What do you think experts advise people to do in this situation?Suggested answers:1. mask cycle cyclist dust citizen frightening sandstorm2. There is a sandstorm blowing.3. She is wearing hoods, masks and glasses.4. The traffic moves slowly. Because its not clear to see everything on the road and people must take great care.5. Experts advise people to stay at home in this situation.b. Predication If you are to write the article named “Sandstorms in Asia”, how many parts will you include in it? What will you write in each part?Step 2 While-readinga. Skimming and scanningRead the passage quickly and fill in the diagram with one proper word.Part 1(Para1) d_Part 2(Para2-5) c_ d_S_ i_ s_Part 3(Para.6) m_Suggested answers:Part 1 disaster Part 2 Sandstorm cause description influence suggestions Part 3 measuresb. Detailed Reading1)Read the passage carefully and answer the following question.1 What are sandstorms?2 In what places do they often happen?3 What does Ren Jianbos example tell us?4 Are there sandstorms in China? Where?5 Have sandstorms in China increased or decreased recently? Why?6 Why does traffic move slowly during the sandstorm?7 What does the government do to protect Beijing from sandstorms?Suggested answers:1. Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.2. Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia.3. It is dangerous to go out when a sandstorm occurs.4. Yes. Northwest China.5. Increased. As a result of desertification.6. Because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.7. Plant more trees.2) Read the passage carefully and then fill in the chart with suitable words.PartsContent Details1major disaster2descriptionCauseinfluencesuggestion3measuresSuggested answersPartsContent Details1major disasterA mass campaign, to help solve sandstorm, tried many ways to solve it2descriptionStrong wind, dry, carry sand, So thick, cant see the sunCauseDesertification,Climate changes, cut down trees, dig up grassinfluenceOrange sky, strong windssuggestionStay at home, wear a mask3measuresPlant treesStep 3 Post-readinga. Decide if the following statements are true( T ) or false( F ). Scientists have tried many ways to deal with sandstorms Land becomes desert only because people cut down trees and dig up grass.The Chinese Central West Station can not forecast sandstorm before it comes.The desert is 25o kilometers away to the west of Beijing. So there is no need to take some measures. Southwest China is part of the sandstorm center in Central Asia.Suggested answers:1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. Fb. Read the text again and complete the following sentences1.The winds in a sandstorm can sometimes_ 2.When Ren jianbo was living in Inner Mongolia _ 3.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased _4.Cutting down trees and digging up grass can_5. Traffic moved slowly because _6.The government is planting trees to the west of Beijing to_Suggested answers:1. prevent you from seeing the sun2. he experienced a terrible sandstorm3. because of desertification4. cause deserts and sandstorms to increase5. the drivers cant see6. prevent the desert coming nearerStep 4 language explanations1 mass adj. 大规模的 a mass campaign 一场大规模的战役n. 团,块,堆a mass of clouds /hot aira mass of =masses of 许多,大量the masses 群众2 be caught in 被困于,遇到He was late for work yesterday afternoon because he was caught in the traffic jam.Charles Chaplin was once caught in a snowstorm for several days.3 appear v. 1)出现,出版,发行His book will appear in the bookshop next week.A smile appeared on his face when he heard the good news.2) 看起来,似乎。 系动词She appeared very tired.She appears to want to leave.4 prevent somebody from doing, stop somebody from doing,keep somebody from doing阻止某人做某事。Note: keep sb. from doing 中from 不可以省略,因为keep sb. doing 意为：让某人一直做某事。其他两个词组中from省略后意思不变。Im sorry to keep you waiting so long. 很抱歉让你等了这么久。We must keep him from complaining all day.我们不能让他整天抱怨了。Step 5 DiscussionQ1.Sandstorms bring us not only “sand” but also-? (traffic / health / travel / environment)Q2. As a senior student, what should we do to prevent sandstorms?Homework:1. Write a summary of the whole passage. 2. Finish the exercises 10,11 on page 88.Period 3Step 1 PresentationLook at the examples a-f. The underlined phrases are examples of different types of infinitive.a. The wind is strong enough. It can move sand dunes.The wind is strong enough to move sand dunes.b. We were advised, “ Dont go outside.”We were advised not to go outside.c. Im cycling to work in a sandstorm and its frightening.Im frightening to be cycling to work in a sandstorm.d. There is nothing anyone can do.There is nothing to be done.e. I am the only person in my family who has been in a sandstorm.I am the only person in my family to have been in a sandstorm.f. Ive been caught in a sandstorm. It was a terrible experience.To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience.Step 2 ExplanationsI 动词不定式的时态和语态形式 时 态主 动被 动 一般式 to doto be done进行式 to be doing完成式 to have done to have been done1. 动词不定式的一般式：表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于主动词之后。 eg: He seems to understand what I said I hope to visit Paris again. 2. 动词不定式的进行式：表示与主动词同时发生且动作正在进行。 eg: The two cheats pretented to be working hard. 3. 动词不定式的完成式：表示不定式动作发生于主动词之前。 eg: She seems to have seen this film. He happened to have gone out when I went to see him 4. 动词不定式的被动式：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。 eg: The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution. I want to have been told the news earlier. 动词不定式的句法功能 不定式的句法功能是做主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，主语补足语，定语，目的状语和结果状语，分别给出一个例句 ： 1） To master a foreign language is necessary for a college student. (主语) 2） Your job is to wash dishes.（表语） 3） She promised to give him a chance. (宾语) 4） The teacher told his students to pay attention to their pronunciation.（宾语补足语） 5） I was asked to help him with his lessons.（主语补足语） 6） Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with?（定语） 7） Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.（状语） 8） He was too excited to say anything.（状语） 不定式的复合结构 1）“疑问词+不定式”可以做主语，宾语，表语，同位语。 The problem is how to persuade him to change his mind. 2) 带有逻辑主语的结构of/ for sb. to do sth The first thing to do is to clean the room. It is foolish of you to say such words.辨析： It is + adj.+ of sb + to do sth.;/ It is + adj.+ for sb + to do sth. 差别：以上（1）结构中的adj是用来说明主语的特征的，并作其表语； 而结构（2）中的adj是用来说明句中动词的特征的。 Eg: Its foolish of you to do such things 可转化为：You”re foolish to do such things. 但:Its easy for you to learn English well不可以象上边那样转化。Step 3 Practices.Ex1.Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms.1. Its very kind of you _ it for me. (do) 2.My job is _ the students English. (teach)3.If you want _ with us, you should be ready by eight oclock.(go)4.I dare not _ him about it. (tell)5.He told me _ at six thirty. (leave)6.The children are warned _ in that lake. (not swim)7.Before you leave the room, please remember _ the light. (turn off)8.Youd better _(stay) at home and _ (do) your homework.9.Its too hard _ (do) it by myself. 10.It takes about two hours _ (get to) the station.11.Its time _ our class. (start)12.I have a lot of things _ you. (tell)13.Im very glad _ you again. (hear from)14.The article is not easy _ . (understand)15.We didnt have time _ a rest. (to have)16.Ill try _ that again. (not do)17.Johns wish is _ a writer in the future. (become)18.Id like _ (go) to the Summer Palace.19.She doesnt know whether and when _ Shanghai in two days. (leave)20.She is not sure how _ out the maths problem. (work)Suggested answers:1. to do 2. to teach 3. to go 4. tell 5. to leave 6. not to swim 7. to turn off 8. stay do9. to do 10. to get to 11. to start 12. to tell 13. to hear from 14. to understand 15. to have16. not to do 17. to become 18. to go 19. to leave 20. to workEx21. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _, but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinkingSuggested answers:1. A 2. B 3.C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9.B 10. AStep 4. Listeninga. Pre-listening Discuss the following questions with your partner.Q1. Whats the main problem with the environment in the world?1,3,5Q2. Can you explain why the climates getting warmer?Q3. Why did people cut down a lot of trees every year?b. While-listeningListen carefully. And answer the following questions.1. What is the most urgent problem of all?2. What examples of coastal cities does David give?3. Why is the climate getting warmer?4. What is described as a major problem?5. What happens when we cut down a lot of trees?6. How does the interviewer feel about the situation?Suggested answers:1. The climate.2. New York and Shanghai.3. Because pollution is stopping the suns heat leaving the atmosphere.4. Carbon dioxide from cars.5. There is less oxygen and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.6. Optimistic.c. Post-listening:Listen again. And fill in the blanks with proper words according to what you hear.Int: David, what do you see as the main problems with the_?D.U: Well, in a nutshell, the most _problem of all is the climate. The worlds climate seems to be getting _Int: Weve seen a lot of evidence of that, havent we?D.U: Yes, we have. Also, scientists have found that the _at the Poles is beginning to melt.Int: Weve heard that too. Is that really happening?D.U: Yes. Im afraid it is. And at sometime in the future, the ice may melt_. Then its possible that the sea could rise and coastal cities like New York and Shanghai could _under water.John: It sounds very frightening.D.U: I couldnt agree with you more. Its_.Int: Can you explain why the climates getting warmer?D.U: Well, Ill do my best! Its _thats the problem. Gases from cars enter the atmosphere and stop the suns heat from leaving the atmosphere. And factories give out _that do the same thing. So as a result, the climate is getting warmer.Int: From what I understand, carbon dioxide from cars is a _problem.D.U: Youre absolutely right. Carbon dioxide is the gas that does most _to the atmosphere. But we have a problem with trees too. You see, trees give out oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. So theyre very useful because they _the carbon dioxide.Int: I know what youre going to say. Were cutting down all the trees.D.U: yes, we cut them down because we need the land and because we use the _for paper and furniture. That leaves more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Int: Its a terrible_.D.U: Yes, and another problem is all the garbage that we produce. We burn a lot of garbage, and once again, the gases pollute the atmosphere. The situation couldnt be worse, really.Int: We should _garbage, not burn it.D.U: of course we should.Int: Its strange. We know all this, and yet we do _but talk about it. I cant help but feel very_.D.U: Yes, well, it is worrying. But _are beginning to do something about it. I dont think its too late.Suggested answer:1. environment 2. urgent 3. warmer. 4. ice 5. completely 6. disappear 7. crazy7. pollution 9. chemicals 10. major 11. damage 12. use up 13. wood 14. situation15. recycle 16. nothing 17. concerned 18. governmentsHomework:1. Review the grammar points we have learned.2. Finish the exercises 1,2,3 on page 85.3. Finish the exercises 12,13, 14 on page 89.Period 4Step 1 Revision Complete the sentences using infinitive structures. 1) Its good manners _ people in trouble.(help) 2) All I did was _him some advice.(give) 3) He does nothing but _all day.(play) 4) It has no choice but _down and sleep.(lie) 5) Is there anyone _ care of these children?(take ) 6) _ a friend, he got off the train in Beijing.( see) 7) He hurried to the station, _that the train had gone. 8) He happened _out when I went to see him.(go) 9) Id like _the news earlier.(tell) 10) Its foolish of you _such words.(say) Answers : 1 to help 2 give 3 play 4 to lie 5 to take 6 To see/In order to see 7only to see 8 to have gone out 9 to have been told 10 to say Step 2 PresentationLook at the words and phrases in bold in these sentences. And answer the following questions.a. And yet we do nothing but talk about it.b. I cant help but feel very concerned.c. I cant but wonder what will happen.Q1. Which word or phrase means except?Q2. Which word or phrase means I have to?Q3. What part of the verb follows the words in bold?Suggested answers:1. a 2. b and c 3. the infinitive without toNote : In sentence a, “but” means “except”. In sentence b and c, “cant help but do” and “cant but do” means “have to do”. 区别：cant help doing 禁不住 Hearing that she was admitted to a famous college, she cant help jumping.Step 3 Explanation:1、不定式动词在介词but, except, besides等表示“除了”之意的后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则带to。She could do nothing but cry. 她只有哭泣。Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home. 父母回家之前，汤姆只有等待。Capitalists would do nothing besides make profit from the workers.资本家除了从工人身上榨取利益之外，什么也不顾及。What do you like to do besides swim?除了游泳你喜欢做什么？He did nothing else than laugh.他只笑笑而已。I have no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这一事实，我别无选择。I have no choice but to go. 我别无选择，只有走。2. 在cant but, cant help but , cant choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。I cant help but be sorry. 我只能说抱歉。There being no buses, he cant but walk home.由于没有公共汽车，他只
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