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1Good friends重点单词honest，brave，loyal，wise，handsome，smart，argue，classical，movie，deserted， sorrow，feeling，lie，speech，adventure，error，develop，alone，especially，boring， sure（certainly），everyday，explain重点短语be fond of，argue about，play a part in，hunt for，share（in）sthwith sb，such as，drop sba line，be into，all the time，on a flight，in order to，even though， care about，make friends with sb，learn from ，tell lies，be afraid of，be quick in mind，make difference，by the end of，be angry with sb，treatas，as much as重点句型1Whatbe like？2Nor be动情态动词助动词主语3So be动词情态动词助动词主语4sothat5when（and then and at that time）6疑问词to do（sth）7should have done sth8might表推测9be sure交流用语Talking about likes and dislikes语法语法陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语写作掌握英文书信（电子邮件）的书写格式同步重点精讲Example: The man lying （躺）there lied（撒谎） that he had laid （放）the money on the table. fun不可数名词 “玩笑， 有趣的人，乐事” funny 滑稽的 可笑的make fun of取笑 have fun 玩得开心 for fun为了快乐,开玩笑地 1) What fun it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in summer!6. alone 与lonely ：1） 词义的差别：alone “单独， 独自”，lonely“孤独， 寂寞，偏僻”2） 词性的差别：alone 为副词和表语形容词，而lonely 只做形容词。3） 句法功能的差别：alone 可以做状语、表语或后置定语，lonely做表语或定语。She is alone, bur she never feels lonely. Imagine you are alone on an island. 4. care about 关心, 照顾,介意；在乎。常用于疑问句和否定句，后接从句时,about要省略。care for用于疑问句和否定句时，意为“喜欢”；当“照顾”解时，是较正式的用语。例如： He dose not care about clothes. 他穿着不讲究。My father does not care about what I do. 父亲不关心我做什么。I dont care whether it rains. Einstein cared little for money. I dont really care for tea. The mother cared for the sick child day and night.(= look after; attend to )1.What should a good friend be like?一个好朋友应该是什么样的?What .be like?表示“怎么样?”,常用于询问对人或事的评价、感想或描述人或物的外貌,既可描述外表长相,也可描述性格气质。如:How do you like/find What do you think ofWhats Steve like?史蒂夫长相如何?He is very handsome.他很英俊。Whats the talk like?报告怎么样?Very interesting.很有趣。【辨析】What .look like?仅用于对人或物的外表进行描述。如:What does your English teacher look like?He is tall and handsome.他长得高大英俊。2.What do you think they should do to solve these problems?为了解决这些难题,你认为他们该怎么做?不定式短语在句中作目的状语。to可转换成in order to或so as to,但so as to短语不可置于句首。To/In order to learn English well, you must spend much time on English listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation. 【注意】不定式的否定式是在to前加否定词not。如:He got up very early in order not to (so as not to) miss the first bus.另外,该句是一个复杂疑问句。其构成为:“特殊疑问词+do you think(believe, guess, suppose,.)+陈述句?”。该结构也称为双重疑问句或混合疑问句。do you think (believe, hope.)在句中属插入语(多表示一种观点、看法等),其它部分可看作插入语动词的宾语(即宾语从句)。【注意】在使用该疑问句结构时须注意以下5点:1)插入语之后应使用陈述句语序;2)插入语之后不应再使用连接词that(在宾语从句中that可有可无);3)该句型结构已成为习惯用法,一般不可用“Do you think(believe,.)+疑问词+陈述句语序?”结构来改写。4)know不用于复杂疑问句中,用于一般疑问句中。Do you knw who he is?Who do you think has taken my bag?你认为是谁拿走了我的书包?Where do you guess he will go for his holiday?你猜他要去何处去度假?5) do you sugges后用虚拟语气 When do you suggest we( should) hold the meeting?3.I dont enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.我不喜欢唱歌,也不喜欢电脑。Nor/Neither +be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语,表示前面否定的内容也适用于其后的另一人或物。If you dont go there for holiday, nor will I.如果你不去那里度假,我也不去。He has never been to Beijing,neither have I.他从没去过北京,我也没去过。4.Rock music is OK,and so is skiing.摇滚音乐可以,滑雪也行。“So+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” 表示另一主语和前面所陈述的情况有着相同的肯定概念。其中so代替上文中的动作或状态,表示“也是这样”、“也是如此”。如: 4）A: He likes English and is kind to others .B: So it is with his wife. =It is the same with his wife.(句式比较复杂时用)。I like surfing the Internet,and so does he.我喜欢上网,他也是。She can speak English very well,and so can I.她英语讲得很好,我也是。5.One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed.一天查克飞越太平洋时,他的飞机突然坠毁。此句中的when为并列连词,引导两个并列分句,表示“正在那时,突然”,相当于and then (and at that time),分句中的动作往往是短暂性的。【注意】此时的when不可与while互换,也不可将when从句置于句首。 主句为过去进行时 I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop. 主句表示的动作即将开始（be about to, on the point of ） We were about to start when it began to rain. She was on the point of crying when she heard her name called. 主句的动词用过去完成时态 We had traveled ten miles when we found we had taken the wrong road. 我们走了10英里，才突然发现走了错路。如:We were watching TV when the light went out.我们正在看电视,灯突然灭了。I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.我正要出去,就在这时有人敲门。6.Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.也许最困难的挑战是没有朋友怎样生存下去。此句表语为“疑问词+不定式”结构,此结构除可作表语外,还可作主语、宾语等。如:When to go there hasnt been decided yet. I dont know what to do.【注意】此结构中不定式不可用被动形式,也不可将疑问词放在不定式中。如不可说:I dont know to do what.() I dont know what to be done.() I know what to expect.7.He also learned that he should have cared more about his friends.他也懂得以前应该多关心一下朋友。should have done表示“本来应该做却没有做”,含有责备、埋怨等意思。We went to see a film last night,but we should have gone to listen to a lecture. You should have handed in your exercises yesterday. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. 表推测 -They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. might ( B) We cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. 表惊讶 A. would B. could C. should（竟然） D. might ( C )8.When he makes friends with Wilson,he understands that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.与威尔森交朋友时,他明白了友谊是与感情相关的以及我们得到多少就必须付出多少。make friends with sb.表“与某人交朋友”。make enemies with,shake hands with,change seats with等。Would you like to make friends with me? I saw him shaking hands with you just now.【注意】上述短语中的名词均必须用复数形式。as much as.指“与一样多”,much可指代代词、形容词或副词。如:He doesnt have as much money as we thought.他的钱没有我们认为的那么多。She doesnt telephone us as much as she used to.她不象以前那样常给我们打电话了。此结构还可表示“多达”,后接不可数名词;接可数名词时用as many as。类似的结构还有as long as,as high as,as far as等。如: He spent as much as 100 dollars on books last year. As a child he read as many books as he could.小时候他读了尽可能多的书。9.For example,many of us have pets,and we all have favourite objects such as a lucky pen or a diary.比如,我们许多人养宠物,我们都有喜欢的物品,诸如幸运笔或日记。for example一般表示举例来说明某一个问题,作插入语,可置于句首、句中。其后常有逗号。如:Many soldiers,for example,Lei Feng did a lot of good deeds in their lives. such as一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子,插在被列举的事物和前面的名词之间,as后面没有逗号。如: Many big cities,such as Nanjing,Beijing and Shanghai,are very famous in the world. such as 后列举的事物数量不能等于前面所提到事物的总和,若相等,则使用that is或namely。如:Mary can speak three foreign languages,namely (that is) English,Chinese and French.玛丽能说三国语言,即英语、汉语和法语。直接引语变间接引语（一）1.时态的变化直接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时2指示代词、时间状语的变化thistheseNowtodaytonighttomorrownext weekyesterdaylast weektwo days agothatthosethenthat daythat nightThe next(following) weekthe next weekthe day beforethe week beforetwo days before3地点状语和动词的变化直接引语herecome间接引语theregoUnit 2English around the world重点单词bathroom，closet，pronounce，broad，repeat，majority，native，total，tongue，equal， government，situation，international，organization，trade，tourism ，global，communicate，communication，exchange，service，signal，movement，commander，tidy， stand，independent，fall，expression，publish，southern，president，European，compare，replace，address，knowledge，however，while（然而），direct，widely，else， must（表推测），explain，excuse重点短语make oneself at home，in total，m other tongue（language），except for，stay up， come about，end up with，bring in，a great many，all the way，at all，hurry up with，bring in，a great many，all the way，at all，hurry up，m ore or less，in the same way，for the first time，on the radio，a number of，the number of，the answer to，just as，of ones own，have a knowledge of，at the same time，stay the same，a second language，need to do sth，have a good flight，be clear to，got it， forget to do sth，the working language，borrow from ，be different from ，in the future，the reason for重点句型1There you are2主语must be3Could I？4What do you mean by？5I beg your pardon？6have little much some no difficulty（in） doing sth7One of the reasons is that交流用语About communication skills语法祈使句的直接引语变成间接引语写作练习用对比的手法描述两件事物同步重点精讲3. compare v, n 比较， 比作， 对照。compare with把-与-作比较Compare this with that, and youll see which is the better.compareto把-比作-People compared him to a little white mouse.compared to/with与-相比 Compared with him, Im lucky.1.Joe is an American who has come to Britain for the first time.乔是一个初次来英国的美国人。for the first time“第一次,首次”,指有生以来或一段时间中第一次做某事,为介词短语,在句中一般单独作状语。They were asked to make a trip for free for the first time. For the first time he said nothing about our plan.【辨析】the first time用作连词,常引导一个时间状语从句,其重点不是要说第一次做了什么,而是叙述另一动作或情况;同时该短语也可引导一个表语从句,强调到说话时为止某一情况或动作的次数,此时其后常用完成时态。如:The first time I met her,I knew she was an honest girl.Do you know our town?No.This is the first time I have been here.不。这是我第一次来这儿。2.Did you sleep at all on the plane?你到底在飞机上睡了没有?at all有下面三种常见用法:1) 用于疑问句中,意为“究竟,果然”,起加强语气作用。Do you know who will come at all?你到底知不知道谁要来?2) 用于否定句中,意为“根本”,起加强语气作用。I dont like the food at all.我根本不喜欢这食物。3) 用于条件句中,意为“既然就”。If you do it at all,do it well.既然干就得好好地干。Ill come tomorrow if I come at all.如果我要来,就明天来。【引申】not at all 不客气(常用于回答道谢)。Its very kind of you to help me.谢谢你帮助我。Not at all.不用谢(不客气)。3.May I use your bathroom,please?我能用一下你的盥洗室吗?May I .?用来表示委婉的请求,比“May I .?”更客气。可用于第一、二人称。如:May I use your dictionary for a minute,please?我可以借你的字典用一会儿吗?May you post the letter for me on your way home,please?在您回家的路上您能替我将信寄了吗?回答还有:Yes,of course. Yes,please或Yes,help yourself。【引申】和could这种用法相同的还有两个情态动词,即might和would。如:-Might I put the book here,please?我可以将书放在这儿吗? -Yes,you may.可以。4.You dont need to ask,just make yourself at home.你不必问,别客气。此句中need为行为动词,后常接动词不定式,现在分词或名词作宾语。如:The radio needs repairing.=The radio needs to be repaired.收音机需要修理了。You dont need to go now.Theyll arrive soon.你现在不必去了。他们很快就到。【辨析】need作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中,此时其后接动词原形。肯定回答时用must。如:Need I go there?我需要去吗?Yes,you must.(No,you neednt.)是的。(不,不必了)。You need not tell her the news.She has learned it.你不必告诉她这消息了。她已知道了。【注意】在否定句中,判断need是行为动词还是情态动词关键看not的位置。not在need后,则need为情态动词,反之,为行为动词。5.However,the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.然而,把英语作为第二外语学习的人数超过7.5亿。however表示“但是,可是,不过”时,起连词作用,可放在句首或句中,有时也可放于句末,但其后均要加逗号(在句末时,逗号放在其前)。如:However,he didnt finish the work on time.然而,他没有准时完成工作。the number of表示“的数量(数目)”,后接可数名词的复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数形式。【辨析】a number of表示“许多,很多”,后也接可数名词的复数形式,但作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。a number of 相当于本单元中的a great many。number前也可用large,small等词修饰,以表示数量的多少,大小。The number of the students in the hall is about 200.大厅里的学生约200人。A number of students are planting trees.许多学生在植树。6.It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.精通英语将会越来越重要。have a good knowledge of 意为“具有一种很好的知识”。【注意】在此结构中knowledge为可数名词,表示“一种的知识”。其余情况下均用作不可数名词。如:He has a good knowledge of the English language but not much knowledge of English history.他对英语有丰富的知识,但对英语史知道得却不多。I have no knowledge of what he said.我不理解他所说的话。7.For a long time the language in America stayed the same,while the language in England changed.很长一段时间这种语言在美国保持不变,而在英国却发生了变化。stay在该句中为连系动词,表“保持(某种状态)”,后接形容词作表语。如:The shop stays open until 11:00 p.m.这家商店开门到夜里十一点。After three years,the town has stayed the same as before.五年过去了,小镇还是老样子。【辨析】last作“持续,维持”时,为不及物动词,后常接for引导的时间短语,但for常可省略。如:The meeting lasted (for) three hours.会议开了三个小时。【对比】I hope the warm weather will last for another three days.= I hope the weather will stay warm for another three days.我希望暖和的天气会再持续三天。句中while为并列连词,表“而,却”,指前后两个并列分句在意义上的对比或转折。如:Im interested in music,while my sister is fond of sports. 8.Except for these differences in spelling,written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.除了拼写上的这些区别,英国英语和美国英语在书面语中或多或少有所相同。【辨析】except与except forexcept是从一组东西(整体)中排除其特殊一个或几个(部分)。而except for则是以保留的方式对整个句子内容进行修正,此时前后两部分所表示的并非是同一类的事,它们之间常是从属关系,后面一部分常对前一部分在细节上加以说明。如:2) He stood still there except that his lips moved.3)You can have any of the cakes except this one.Everyone went to the cinema except Tom.除汤姆外,每个人都去看电影了。Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.【注意】besides指“除之外,另外还有”,为“+”的概念。而except为“-”的概念。如:1) Besides these 5 students, I need 3 more.but意义同 except,但多和 no, all, nothing, anywhere, who, where ,what等不定代词和疑问词连用. I have no choice but to wait.except for除去部分和细节，用于修正某些事实. Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.but for “要不是（虚拟）But for your help, I couldnt have finished it in time.Two others went to see the film besides Tom.除汤姆外,还有两个人去看电影了。9.However,most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.然而,大多数时候两国人在相互理解上并无困难。have some (much,little,no,.) difficulty (in) doing sth./ with sth.为“做某事有一些(许多,几乎没有,没有,)困难。I have no difficulty with the maths problem.解决这个数学难题我没有困难。Do you have any difficulty in finding his house?你找到他家有困难吗?【注意】此句型中的difficulty相当于trouble,均为不可数名词;接动词的-ing形式时,介词in省略;接名词时用介词with。拓展： have trouble/fun/a hard time/a good time in doing sth1) You cant imagine the great trouble I had treating the patient.2) You can t imagine what great trouble I had treating the patient.注意：使用这一句型应注意以下四点：（1）difficulty和trouble为不可数名词，意为“困难”。（2）修饰语主要有：no , little , some , much , great ,（not）any等。（3）句中介词为in , 有时可省略。（4）介词in后必须跟动词的ing形式。With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. With the best will in the world, I cant do it if they wont provide the money.With John away, we have got more room.With the door open, he went away,./He was thinking, with his eyes shut.She ran and ran with sweat running down her face.4. come about 发生，产生come about, happen, take place, break outcome out 出来，出版，开花。come on 加油， 快点，振作起来come in进来 流行起来，当选come along进展，陪伴How does it come about that?是怎样发生的？-How did it come about that you made so many mistakes in your homework?-I myself havent figured it out yet.6. more than 1)超过He is more than 30 years old.2)=not only. He is more than a teacher, and he is our friend,3)=very Im more than glad to see you.4)远远不是The question is more than I can answermorethan与其说-不如说- The boy is more lazy than stupid.直接引语变间接引语（二）祈使句的直接引语和间接引语肯定句将祈使句的动词原形变为带to不定式，常用动词 tellorder ask等“Make sure the gas is turned off，”he saidHe told m e to make sure the gas was turned off否定句将祈使句的动词原形变为 not to不定式，常用动词同上。“Dont smoke in the room，”he saidHe told m e not to smoke in the room please开头的祈使句多用ask sbto do sth结构“Please read aloud the text，”the teacher said to herThe teacher asked her to read aloud the textI.单词拼写(5分)根据句意及所给单词的首字母,写出空缺处各单词的完全形式。(每空只填一词)2.The movie is so b_.Why not go out to play football?3.Its always difficult being in a foreign country,e_ if you know little about the language.4.Mr.Johnson often helps others,so he is r_as a kind man.5.It is said that he had a lot of a_in African(非洲)forests.II.单项填空(15分)1.David has made great progress(进步)recently._,and_.(1997年上海)A.So he had;so you haveB.So he has;so have youC.So has he;so have youD.So has he;so you have2.Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know,_.(MET1991)A.nor dont I careB.nor do I careC.I dont care eitherD.I dont care also3.Hi,Tracy,you look tired. I am tired.I_the living room all day.(NMET 1998)A.paintedB.had paintedC.have been paintingD.have painted4.We_last night,but we went to the concert(音乐会) instead.(MET 1992)A.must have studiedB.might studyC.should have studiedD.would study5.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_to carry all the way home.(NMET 2003)A.much too heavyB.too much heavyC.heavy too muchD.too heavy much6.Can you believe that in_a rich country there should be_many poor people? A.such;suchB.such;soC.so;soD.so;such7._to take this adventure course(课程)will certainly learn a lot of useful skills(技能). A.Brave enough studentsB.Enough brave students C.Students brave enoughD.Students enough brave8.You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it? Im sorry I_anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty(漂亮的) on you.A.wasnt saying B.dont say C.wont say D.didnt say9.Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure.I_go to the concert(音乐会).(NMET 2000) A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might10.Therere so many kinds of tape recorders on sale that I cant make up mind _to buy.A.whatB.whichC.howD.whereI.单词拼写。(5分)根据句意及所给单词的汉语注释,写出空缺处各单词的完全形式。(每空只填一词)1.The_(大多数)of people seem to prefer watching the football match to playing the game.2.Whats your mother_(语言)? 3.Im in_(交流)with him on this subject.4.Britain is a_(欧洲)country. 5.I like the film_(同等)with you.II.单项填空。(15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Wang Ping said that the man over there_Mr.Smith._,he was wrong. A.must be;ButB.can be;WhileC.must be;HoweverD.should be;But2.Does John know any other language_French? A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside3.The light in the office is still on. Oh,I forgot_.(MET1991)A.turning it offB.turn it offC.to turn it offD.having turned it off4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him_.(NMET 1995)A.not toB.not to doC.not do itD.do not to5.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem_they themselves couldnt.(上海1996)A.onceB.whileC.thenD.if6.May I borrow your dictionary,please? Yes,of course you_.(MET 1992)A.mightB.willC.mayD.should7.Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade.(NMET 1996)A.a;(不填)B.the;anC.the;theD.(不填);the8.America is an_country,you can improve(提高)your_there. A.English-speaking;English spokenB.English-speaking;spoken EnglishC.English-spoken;English-speakingD.spoken English;spoken English9.He often sleeps with the window_. A.openingB.openedC.to openD.open10.You failed the exam.How did it_?A.come acrossB.come aboutC.take placeD.come onIII.单句改错。(15分)下列句子中均有一处错误(或多一词;或缺一词;或错一词),请指出并加以改正。1.English is a language speaking all around the world.2.Could you tell me the reason about his being late?3.You can ask Mr.Li.He has good knowledge of computer.4.Do you have any difficulties in finishing the work?5.Do I need telephone her? She may come back now.6.Please turn on the radio.I cant hear what it says.7.Do you know who else books these are?8.Would you please repeat that again?9.Well learn the second language in the second grade.10.Languages dont stay same;they always change. Unit 3Going places单元考点聚焦项 目易 考 点重点单词consider，means，transportation，board，experience，simply，vacation，nature， basic，equipment，tip，poisonous，stream ，norm al，excitement，adventurous， handle，similarity，particular，poison，separate，combine，task，famous，unusual， wear，unless，effect，cause，popular，return，hit，expensive重点短语get away from ，watch out，protect sbsthfrom ，see sboff，on the other hand，as well as，by spaceship，make a dialogue，in the future，get close to，take exercise，think about，put on，in a few days time，be off to，say“Hi”to sb， have a nice pleasant good wonderful time，have a good trip，the same to you，in the past，find out，so that，go skiing hikingboating，have a picnic，the four of you，m ore and m ore，instead of重点句型1Hiking is easy to do2M y plane leaves at seven3Do you think so？交流用语Express good wishes语法现在进行时表示将来的用法写作进一步掌握英文书信的格式，学会描述自己的旅行情况，并正确运用时态同步重点精讲1.What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transportation you will use?在你决定使用哪一种交通方式之前,有哪些事情要考
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