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10月8日水利水电工程技术术语标准（二）由WESTBANK根据中华人民共和国水利部能源部联合发布的水利水电工程技术术语标准整理，鉴于篇幅空间限制，删除了定义部分和重复部分床面形态Bed form床沙质 (造床质 ) bed material load垂线观测坐标仪（垂线观测仪）coordinatograph for plummet observation垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical垂直度perpendicularity垂直度盘指标差（指标差，竖盘指标差）index error of vertical circle垂直升船机vertical ship lift垂直收缩系数vena-contracta coefficient垂直位移工作点operative mark of vertical displacement垂直位移观测（沉陷观测，沉降观测）vertical displacement observation垂直位移基点datum mark of vertical displacement磁法勘探magnetic prospecting磁方位角magnetic azimuth磁极fieid pole磁子午线magnetic meridian次固结(次压缩 ) secondary consolidation(secondary compression)次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次生曲流submeander 次生盐碱化secondary salinization次要建筑物secondary structure凑合节adjuster of steel pipe粗骨料coarse aggregate粗碎primary crushing粗制螺栓bolt,rough bolt错缝staggered joint 搭接lap joint达西渗流定律Darcys law of seepage 大坝变形观测dam deformation observation 大坝水泥dam cement大暴雨large rainstorm大潮(朔望潮 ) spring tide 大地构造geotectonics大地控制点（大地点）geodetic control point 大地水准面geoid大地原点（大地基准点）geodetic datum 大气窗口atmospheric window大气折光差atmospheric refraction error大体积混凝土mass concrete大头坝massive-head dam (massive-buttress dam)大修理费overhauling cost代表性露点representative dew point 带喉管的圆筒式调压室throttled surge chamber带舌瓣闸门gate with flap带速饱和变流器差动保护longitudinal differential protection employing quickly-saturable transformer带状间作strip cropping带状淤积belt deposit贷款偿还年限pay back period of loan单层布置single storey layout单调节调速器single-regulation governor单回线single-circuit line单机调节independent regulation单级单吸悬臂式离心泵single-stageend-suction centrifugal pump单级双吸式离心泵single-stagedouble-suction centrifugal pump单极高压直流系统monopolar/unipolar HVDC system单价合同 (固定单价合同 )unit-price contract单价和总价混合合同lump-sum and unit-price combined contract单列布置single row layout单母线接线single-bus connection单曲拱坝single curvature arch dam单位弹性抗力系数coefficient of unit elastic resistance单位电能投资cost per kilowatt-hour单位工程unit project单位耗药量powder factor单位容量投资 (单位千瓦投资 )cost per kilowatt 单位水力矩unit hydraulic torque单位水推力unithydraulic thrust单位线 (单位过程线 ) unit hydrograph单位线 (时段单位线 ) unit hydrograph 单位转速 流量出力 unit speeddischargepower单吸式离心泵single-suction pump单相变压器single-phase transformer单相重合闸one-phase ARC单向变形one directional deformation单向波one-direction wave单斜岩层monocline单因子试验experiment of single factor单元接线 (发电机 变压器组接线 )generator-transformer unit connection 弹簧常数spring constant弹性elasticity弹性极限limit of elasticity弹性抗力系数coefficient of elastic resistance弹性模量 (弹性系数 ,杨氏模数 )modulus of elasticity挡水墙head wall挡土墙retaining wall导爆索 (传爆索 )primacord (detonatin fuse)导洞掘进法heading and cut method导航建筑物 (导航架 )guide structure (approachtrestle)导火索safety fuse导流River diversion导流堤取水intake with diversion dike导流方案diversion scheme导流方式 (导流方法 )diversion procedure导流孔 (洞)封堵 plugging of the diversion opening导流流量标准 (导流标准 )diversion discharge frequency导流时段diversion period导流隧洞diversion tunnel导沙槽sand-guide channel导沙坎 (拦沙坎 ,挡沙坎 )sand-guide sill导水机构gate operating mechanism导水系数coefficient of transmissivity导轴瓦间隙guide bearing clearance倒锤线观测（倒锤法）inverse plumb line observation倒虹吸管inverted siphon稻田适宜水深suitable water depth in paddy field灯泡式水轮发电机bulb hydraulic generator灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine等高耕作 (横坡耕作 ) contour tillage等高截流contour interception等高距（等高线间隔） contour interval等高线contour等径流深图runoff isopleth map 等流时线isochrone等密图contour diagram 等面积定则equal-area criterion等容粒径volume equivalent diameter等水位线图water table contour map等速流homogeneous flow等效网络equivalent network等压面equi-pressure surface等雨量线图isohyetal map等值线图isoline map 低坝low dam低电压保护under voltage protection低电压闭锁 (起动)过电流保护 under voltage-started over current protection 低流态混凝土low-slump concrete低频起动low frequency starting低型布置low-type layout低压 (低电压 )low voltage (L.V.)低压配电屏low voltage distribution panel/board低压配电装置Low voltage switchgear installation低压配电装置low voltage switchgear installation低扬程泵站low-head pumping station堤dike (embankment,levee)堤后式泵房pump house at levee-toe堤身式泵房water retaining pump house滴灌drip irrigation滴灌系统system of drip irrigation底环bottom ring底槛embedded sill (ground sill)底孔导流bottom outlet diversion底栏栅式取水bottom-grating intake地脚螺栓foundation bolt地壳earth crust地壳形变观测（大坝库区地壳形变观测）observation of earth crust deformation地幔earth mantle地貌geomorphy 地貌综合cartographic generalization of relief地面分辨力ground resolution地面灌溉系统Surface irrigation system地面立体摄影测量terrestrial stereo photogrammetry地面露点dew point at earth surface地面排水系统Surface drainage system地球弯曲差error due to curvature of earth 地球物理勘探 (物探) geophysical prospection 地图map 地图编绘Map Compilation地图编绘（原图编绘）map compilation地图编绘与制印Map Compilation and Reproduction地图分幅Sheet line system地图复照map photography地图清绘map fair drawing地图投影map projection地图投影变换map projection transfromation地图投影变形distortion of map projection地图图号（图号）map numbering地图图式（图式）cartographic symbol 地图印刷map printing地图整饰map appearance地图制版map printing plate making地图制印map reproduction地图制印与仪器Map reproduction and instrument地物planimetric feature地物和地貌的表示representation of planimetric feature and geomorphy地下暗管灌溉irrigation by buried pipes地下工程施工Under ground works construction地下浸润灌溉subsurface irrigation by groundwater地下径流groundwater runoff地下轮廓线underground configuration地下埋管underground penstock地下排水subsurface drainage地下排水系统Subsurface drainage system地下热水hot groundwater地下式厂房underground power house地下式水电站underground hydroelectric station地下水侧向补给recharge by ground water地下水超量开采excessive mining of ground water地下水动态ground water regime地下水降深drawdown of groundwater地下水开采Ground water mining地下水矿化度mineralization of ground water地下水利用量ground water supplement to the crop root zone地下水临界深度critical depth of ground water地下水平衡 (地下水均衡 ) ground water balance 地下水人工补给 (人工回灌 ) artificial recharge of ground water地下水水文地质特性Hydro geological characteristics of groundwater地下水下降漏斗depression cone of ground water地下水越层补给recharge through weak permeable layer地下水资源Ground water resources地下水资源开发利用Development of ground water resources地形landform 地形测量topographic survey地形图topographic map地性线（地貌结构线，地貌特征线）orographic character line地震earthquake地震动水压力earthquake hydrodynamic pressure地震惯性力earthquake inertia force地震勘探seismic prospecting地震烈度earthquake intensity 地震前兆premonitory symptom 地震区划seismic zoning地震水波water wave by earthquake地震震级earthquake magnitude地质编录geological record地质点geological observation point 地质点测量geololgical point survey 地质构造geologic structure地质基础Basicgeology地质勘探geological exploration地质雷达geological radar地质力学geomechanics地质剖面geological section地质素描geological sketch典型暴雨typical rainstorm点法测量point wise点荷载强度point load strength点位中误差mean square error of position点污染源point-source of pollution点雨量point precipitation(point rainfall) 电测探法electrical sounding电磁波测距误差error in electromagnetic wave distance measurement电磁波测距仪Electromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument（EDMI）电磁波测距仪（物理测距仪）electromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument（EDMI）电动发电机组motor-generator set电动机Motor电动机的额定转矩rated load torque of motor电动机的起动转矩starting torque of motor电动潜水泵submersible motor pump电法勘探electrical prospecting电机Electrical machine电价electricity price电抗器Reactor电抗器reactor (shunt reactor)电缆夹层cable interlayer 电雷管electric blasting cap电力不足时间期望值loss of load expectation (LOLE)电力弹性系数 (电力超前系统 ) elastic coefficient of electric energy电力电缆power cable电力负荷Electric power load电力负荷 (电力负载 ) electric power load电力负荷图electric load diagram电力工程二次部分Electrotechnical Secondary Circuit电力工程一次部分Electrotechnical Primary Circuit电力系统Electrical power system电力系统的集中控制centralized control of power system电力系统调度Power system dispatch电力系统计算Calculation of electric power system电力系统可靠性Reliability of electric power system电力系统容量Installed capacity of electric system电力系统运行Operation of electric power system电力系统状态估计state estimation in power system电力线载波通信power line carrier communication电量不足期望值expected energy not served (EENS)电流差动保护current differential protection电流互感器current transformer (CT)电流互感器的精确等级accurate degree of current transformer电流密度current density电流平衡保护current balance protection电路图circuit diagram电气缓冲单元electric damper电气设备选择Electric equipment selection电气液压式调速器electro-hydraulic governor电气制动braking resistance (BR)电气主接线main electrical connection 电容式电压互感器capacitor voltage transformer电视测井television logging电压变化率保护voltage change rate protection电压调整率voltage regulationrate电压互感器potential transformer (PT) (voltage transformer)电压互感器的精确等级accurate degree of potential transformer电压降voltage drop (potential drop)电压控制母线 (PV母线)voltage control busbar电压偏移voltage deviation电液转换器 (电液伺服阀 )electro-hydraulic transducer,electro-hydraulic servo-valve电液转换器失灵maladjustment of electro-hydraulic transducer电源Power source电站气蚀系数plant cavitation factor电制动electromagnetic braking电子速测仪（全站式电子速测仪，自动电子速测仪）electronic tacheometer电子印像机electronic printer电阻率剖面法 (电剖面法 ) resistivity profiling 凋萎系数wilting coefficient, withering coefficient吊车轨道crane rail吊车梁crane runway girder吊耳hoist eye (hook eye)吊杆hanger (gate stem)吊罐bucket 吊距centre distance between two hoist eyes调度端control end (dispatching end)调度通信dispatching communication调洪库容flood control storage调绘像片identified photograph调节流量regulated flow 调节年度regulation year调节容积adjustable volume调节系数regulation coefficient调节周期period of regulation调速器结构与部件Components of governor调速器静特性试验static characteristic test of governor调速器类型Types of governor调速器失灵maladjustment of governor调速系统governing system调速系统静态特性 (永态转差系数图 )static characteristics of governing system (speed droop graph)调相容量compensator capacity (condensator capacity)调相压水bear on water for phase modulation (bear on water for condenser operation)调蓄容积storage capacity调压阀 (空放阀 )pressure regulator 调压阀关闭时间closing time for pressure regulator调压阀开启时间opening time for pressure regulator调压阀滞后时间dead time for pressure regulator调压井surge shaft调压室surge chamber调压塔surge tank跌水drop叠梁闸门stoplog丁坝spur dike (groin)顶盖top cover (head cover)顶盖排水head cover drainage顶管法pipe jacking method顶枢upper gudgeon (top pintle)定床河流模型 (定床河工模型 )fixed bed model定点定面关系precipitation relationship between fixed point and fixed area 定电流控制 (定电流调节 )constant current control/regulation 定电压控制 (定电压调节 )constant voltage control定功率控制constant power control定量评价quantitative evaluation定轮闸门fixed roller gate (fixed wheel gate)定期保养periodical maintenance, regular maintenance 定倾半径metacentric radius定倾中心metacenter 定时限电流保护definite time-lag current protection定向爆破directional throw blasting定向取心directional coring定性评价qualitative evaluation定裕度角控制 (定裕度角调节 )constant margin angle control定子stator 定子短路时间常数stator short-circuit time constant定子接地保护earthing fault protection for generator stator定子匝间短路保护stator inter-turn fault protection冬、雨季施工增加费additional cost in winter-rainy season动床河流模型 (动床河工模型 )movable bed model动点动面关系 (暴雨中心点面关系 ) precipitation relationship between center point and variable area动断触点 (常闭接点 )break contact (normally-closed contact)动合触点 (常开接点 )make contact (normally-open contact)动荷载dynamic load动静弹模比ratio of static-dynamic moduli动库容dynamical storage动力触探试验dynamic cone penetration test 动力弹性模量dynamic modulus of elasticity动力控制箱power control box动力配电箱power distributing box动力系数dynamic factor动力相似dynamic similarity动力粘滞系数dynamic viscosity coefficient动力装备率 (动力装备系数 )powered equipment rate 动量改正系数momentum coefficient动量损失厚度momentum loss thickness动能改正系数kinetic energy coefficient动平床moving flat bed动平衡dynamic balancing动水压强hydrodynamic pressure动态经济分析dynamic economic analysis动态稳定dynamic-state stability动态相似 (运动相似 )kinematic similarity冻结基面stationary datum冻胀力frost heave pressure冻胀量frost-heave capacity洞蚀cave and hole erosion洞室爆破coyote blasting陡槽 (泄槽)chute陡槽式溢洪道chute spillway陡坡chute陡坡steep slope独立坐标系independent coordinate system渡槽aqueduct (flume)渡槽导流aqueduct flume diversion端电池end cell端面承压应力bearing stress端子 (接线端子 ,引出端子 )terminal 端子接线图terminal connection diagram短管short pipe短路short circuit短路比short-circuit ratio (SCR)短路电流short circuit current短路电流非周期分量aperiodic component of short circuit current短路电流周期分量periodic component of short circuit current短路计算Short circuit calculation短路容量short-circuit capacity短路校验计算short-circuit check calculation 短期水文预报short date hydrologic forecasting断层fault断层擦痕slicken side断层角砾岩fault breccia断层泥fault gouge断层破碎带shatterred fault zone断层破碎带处理treatment of fault and fracture zone断层破碎带处理treatment of fault-fracture zone断层上盘hanging wall断层下盘heading wall断口fracture断裂韧性toughness of fracture断流围堰导流 (拦断河床导流 ,全断面导流 )full river by-pass diversion 断路器circuit breaker断路器失灵保护 (后备接线保护 )breaker failure protection 断面比力specific force断面比能specific energy断面测量section survey 断面模型sectional model断面平均流速average velocity of cros ssection断面平均流速mean velocity at across-section(over all mean velocity)断水保护water supply cut-off protection堆焊pad welding堆积阶地construction alter race堆石rock filling堆石坝rock fill dam对称电压symmetric voltage对接butt joint对流层散射通信tropospheric scatter communication对数螺线形拱坝logarithmic spiral arch dam对外交通site access盾构法shielding method多波段扫描仪（多光谱扫描仪）multi band scanner多端高压直流输电系统multi-terminal HVDC transmission system多阀单元multiplevalve unit多级泵multi-stage pump多级泵站multistage pumping station多级船闸multi-stage lock (flight locks)多年调节over year regulation(carry over regulation)多年平均年发电量average annual energy output多年平均年径流量mean annual runoff多首制取水multi-head water intake多线船闸multi-line lock (multiple lock)多相流multi-phase flow多油式断路器bulk oil circuit breaker额定变比rated transformation ratio额定电流rated current额定电压rated voltage额定动稳定电流 (额定极限通过电流 )rated dynamic current (rated limit through-current)额定工况rated condition额定工况 (满载工况 )rated condition额定关合电流rated making current额定开断电流rated breaking current额定频率rated frequency额定容量rated capacity额定水头rated head额定油压rated oil pressure额定值rated value额定值rated value (rating)额定转速rated speed二三段式电流保护 twothree-step current protection 二倍照准差互差（ 2c互差， 2c较差）discrepancy between twice collimation errors二次电流 电压 secondary currentvoltage 二次回路secondary circuit二次接线图secondary connection diagram二次筛分 (最终筛分 )finish screening二端高压直流输电系统two-terminal HVDC transimission system二期冷却second stage cooling二维流 (二元流 )two-dimensional flow发包设计bid design发电电动机generator-motor发电机 -变压器组保护 protection for generator-transformer unit发电机电力变压器、调相机、电动机、母线、电抗器 保护 protection of synchronous generator power transformer,condenser,motor,bus-bar,reactor
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