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Unit 1 Water 核心词汇Liquid solid gas cover stream tap pour freeze waste sound obey nod owner bath travel pipe until ordinary plant pump pollute valuable customer total flow chart step-by-step 书中词汇题1. Pouring : a. Flowing b boiling c appearing 2. Froze: stopped moving suddenly b looked unhappy c felt cold 3. Wasting: A using less of something than you should B using more of something than you should D using none of something. 4. Obeyed: A did something by following instructions B did something slowly C did nothing5. Cleaned up: A made something light B made something clean C made something dirty6. In the first place: A in the beginning B in the middle C in the end7. Valuable : A worth a lot of money B worth nothing at all C worth a little money 8. Nodded: moved ones head up and down 9. Travelled: went from one place to another place 10. Pump: push water, air etc. by machine 11. Pollute: make air , water etc. dirty. 短语：Brush ones teeth 刷牙 be on 开着的 be off 关着的 pour into 倒入，倾入 Pour down 倾泻 turn on = switch on 打开 turn off = switch off 关掉Be angry with sb 对某人生气 carry-to-搬到，带到 Clean up sth = make sth clean 净化 Not -until 直到-才 look around 到处看Go back to = return to 回到Come out of 从-出来 In the first place = in the beginning = at first 开始，首先Remember to do 记得去做某事Remember not to do 记得不要去做某事Forget to do 忘记去做某事Forget doing 忘记做过某事Talk to sb 对某人说话 talk with sb 与某人交谈Nod ones head 点头 shake ones head 摇头Be covered with 用-覆盖In fact 事实上 for example 例如 each time 每次语法点1. Few & littlefew: 用于修饰可数名词。a few 有一点点，表示肯定，few几乎没有了，表示否定。little：修饰不可数名词。a little, 有一点点，表肯定，little几乎没有，表否定。eg: Few of us study English. 我们中很少有人学习英语。We have few books. 我们几乎没有书。I have a little money with me. 我身上带着一点钱。There is little water in the cup. PracticeA lot of storybooks are on sale, but _ are good ones. A. Any B some C few D manyI bought _ books with _ moneyA a few; a few B a few; a little C a little; a few D a little ; a little 2. exercise 名词： 当exercise用于“广义上的锻炼”，如“锻炼，训练”时，它被当作不可数名词在用。如：take exercise ,do exercise锻炼身体 take more exercise多锻炼当exercise用于“具体的某项活动或锻炼时”，如“体操”或“练习（题）”时或“习题和练习”讲时是可数名词，要用复数形式。 如：do morning exercises（做早操），do eye exercises（做眼保健操），do English exercises（做英语练习）。 动词：运动，训练 实行，履行Eg： You dont exercise enough. 你锻炼不够 A doctor should learn how to exercise patience to his clients. 医生应该学习怎么样对他的病人有耐心。exercise和sport的区别： exercise指增进健康的活动。 Sport指以娱乐为主的运动竞技3. As 用法1. 连词 当-时候，在-同时I met John as I was walking home. She sang as she worked. 她边唱边工作2. 因为，由于As it rained, I stayed at home. 3. 像-一样，同样She runs as fast as possible. I am as tall as you. 4. 作为，当作He was dressed as a woman. 他打扮得像一个女人As-as 像-； 如同-； 和-一样 否定是 not so-as不像，不如As soon as possible 尽可能早的，尽快As usual 像平常一样Like和as的区别4. TurnTurn on: 打开 （水源，煤气，电灯，收音机等）Turn off： 关上Turn up： 调大，开大（音量）Turn down： 关小，调低（音量）Turn on the radioTurn off the light动词 + 副词 ： 接名词的话，名词放在中间和副词后面都可以 接代词的话，就只能放在中间Turn the computer on Turn on the computer Turn it on 但不可以说 turn on it. Dont do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please _your MP3A turn up B turn down C turn on D turn off 5. Sound 听起来； 声音听起来： 连系动词，其后往往接形容词做表语The argument sounds great. 那个观点听起来很棒。 The music that Lang Lang is playing _ beautiful. A listens B hears C sounds D looks 6. Bring, take, get, carrybring: 带来， 从远处带到说话的地方take：带走，从说话的地方带到别的地方去get：取来，从别的地方把某物取到说话的地方carry：提，搬，扛Please bring your homework to school. He can take the flowers to his room. Who can get me some water?Can you carry the heavy box?Can you _ my book here? I need it tomorrow. Please _ these flowers to the classroom. Please help the little boy _the box. Its too heavy. Let me go back home to _ some money. 7. Until Until 在否定句中，通常与非延续性动词连用，表示 “直到-才”， 适用于直到某一时刻，或直到时间状语从句中谓语动词表示的动作结束，主句谓语动词表示的动作才开始的情况。 主句短暂动词： 从句用否定形式主句是持续动词：从句肯定和否定都可以I didnt go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。-When did your father come back last night?-He didnt come back _ he finish all the work. A until B while C if Where was your brother at this time last night? He was writing an email _ I was watching TV at home. A as soon as B after C until D while 8. Remember remember to do sth : 记得要做某事 （记得的事情还没有做）remember doing sth ：记得做过某事 （记得的事情做了）He remembered to tell her about it. 他想起来了要告诉她这件事了。 （还没有告诉）He remembered telling her about it. 他记得告诉过她这件事了。 （已经告诉了）forget to do sth ： 忘记做某事 （事情还没有做）forget doing sth ：忘记做过某事（事情做了）I forgot to tell her about it. （还没有告诉）I forgot telling her about it. (已经告诉了)Please remember _ some newspaper for me on your way back. A buy B buying C to buy D bought Remember _ your homework at home, Mary. A not leaving B leaving C not to leave D not leave 9. hear 和 listen to 的区别hear 着重听的结果Listen to 着重听的动作，过程I listened carefully but I heard nothing. 10. Because & 原因状语从句(1) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, for引导。例如： He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2) because表示直接原因，语气最强, because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后, 也可放在主句之前，回答由why提出的问题，只能用because. Because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 Mary didnt go to school because she was ill. Because he didnt catch the last bus, he had to walk home. Why were you late? Because I got up late this morning.as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因, 多放在句首Since everyone is here, lets start.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.for引导的句子表示推断的理由，从句一定要放在主句的后面，前面多用 “ ” 隔开He must be ill, for he is absent today.(3) for, 它的用法有两点要注意：1）有时可表示因果关系，此时可与because 换用，两者不同的是for只能放主句后，而because 可放在主句前或后：He couldnt have seen me，for becauseI was not there他不可能看到了我，因为我当时不在那儿。2）有时不表示因果关系，而只是对前面分句内容的解释或推断（也要放在主句之后，但不能与because 换用）：It is morning，for the birds are singing已是早晨了，你听鸟儿在唱歌了。He couldnt take part in the game _ the accident. A because of B because C since D for _ you finish your homework, dont think of playing the game. A Till B after C Not until D Until 11. Pour down: 倾泻 Pour into： 倒入，倾入Water was pouring into the sink. The rain is pouring down.12. Be on : 开着的 Be off： 关着的，关掉的-How strange!-The tap is _ but there is no one here. A on B off C open D closed 13. Clean up sth= make sth clean 净化, 把-弄干净His mother is _A cleaning up him B clean up hime C cleaning him up D clean him up 14. 复习可数名词和不可数名词分类一名词：名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类二分类名词专有名词表示具体的人或事物、地点、机构、团体、国家、节日等名称的词如：John Yuexiu Park越秀公园 the Pearl River 珠江 the Great Wall 长城 the United Nations 联合国 China 中国 Australia 澳大利亚 Monday 星期一 January 一月Childrens Day 儿童节普通名词个体名词在表示某类人或东西中的个体。如：dog狗、car小汽车、worker工人、book书。集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体的总称。如：class班、family家、team队。物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如：fire火、tea茶。抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如：work工作。名词的数：可数名词和不可数名词名词可数名词：一般包括个体名词、集体名词。不可数名词：一般包括物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词。单数复数一、 可数名词复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个人或事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。如：1 可数名词的复数形式构成及读音一般名词复数构成法构成法例词一般情况下，在名词单数形式的词尾加sbook-books, day-days, jobs以s, x,，ch，sh，结尾的名词，在词尾加esclass-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变成i后加escity-cities, country-countries, factory-factories以f或fe结尾的名词，一般将f或fe变成v后，再加esleaf-leaves, wife-wives, life-lives, thief-thievesknife-knivies, half-halves, shelf-shelves注：以o结尾的可数名词，只有hero,negro,tomato,potato这4个名词复数要加es, 别的都是加s。 名词复数的不规则变化1. footfeet toothteeth goosegeese manmen womanwomenmousemice childchildren 注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women.eg: an Englishman， two Englishmen; a policewoman, three policewomen 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans; 由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时，两个都变复数woman doctor-women doctors(女医生); man servant-men servants(男服务员)2.单复数同形的名：deer，sheep，fish, Chinese，Japanese， yuan，但除人民币元、角、分外，美元（dollar）、英镑（pound）和法郎（franc）等都有复数形式。eg: a dollar，two dollars；3. 集体名词，以单数出现，但实为复数。如：people police cattle（牛；牲畜）4.国籍复数口诀：国籍复数并不难，中日瑞是一致，英法联盟a改e, 其余s 加后面不同国家人的单、复数名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes不可数名词：不可数名词主要包括两大类，即物质名词和抽象名词。如：Water, coffee, milk, medicine, advice, workl 不可数名词只以单数的形式出现。它是无法计数的。物质、材料glass食品bread、toast散的、疏松的rice、sugar抽象概念work、sleep液体water、juice不可数名词科学、艺术、运动music、tennis感觉happiness常见的不可数名词A. 抽象名词information 信息 advice 建议 knowledge 知识 trouble 麻烦 happiness 幸福truth 真理 wisdom 智慧 work 工作 energy 能源 luck 运气fun 乐趣 help 帮助 tea water wine beer meat bread butter cheese rice coffee air 空气 paper 纸 news 新闻weather fog 雾 ice 冰 snow rain wind 名词量的表达修饰可数名词：many, several, hundreds of, thousands of , millions of , a number of , a group of, a pair of, a few, few, quite a few (许多) 等You have made quite a few spelling mistakes in your composition. 你的作文中有许多拼写错误。 We saw hundreds of monkeys on the hill. 修饰不可数名词： much, a great deal of, a bit of , a drop of , a piece of, a little, little. I want a piece of chalk 我想要一支粉笔Please give me a little ink. 可数和不可数名词都可以修饰的： some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of Please give me some paper. I dont want to buy any magazines. 15. How many 和 how much How many: 意为 多少， 用来询问可数名词的数量，后接可数名词复数How much: 多少， 用来询问不可数名词的数量的，其后接不可数名词； 还可以用来提问价格， -多少钱How many girls are there in your class. How many storybooks do you have ?How much meat do we need to make dumplings? How much milk does the boy drink every day? How much is the computer? 16. Much too ; too much/ too many （看末尾词就行）Too much/ many 太多Much/ many too 实在太-The coat is much too large for me . We have too much homework to do every day. There are too many books on the shelf. You shouldnt make _ noise. The baby is sleeping. He studies English _ hard. There are _ people there. I cant find him. Dont eat _ sweet food, or you ll be _ fat. We have _ toys. I dont like driving because its _ difficult for me. The little girl knows _ English and she can say _ words. 17. enough修饰形容词，放在形容词的后面。修饰名词，放在名词的前面。 We dont have enough water to drink. The book is easy enough for you to read. He runs fast enough to catch up with the other runners. He is a strange man. He has _ friends. A a few B little C a little D few Is there _ wrong with the pipe? The farmer asked his wife. A something B anything C nothing D everythingI want to buy _ pears, but I dont have _ money. A a lot of; many B many; much C many; few D much; a fewThere used to be lots of lions in the forest, but now there are _. A few B not little C enough D a few I am making _ tea. Would you like _?A some; any B any; some C some; some D any; any 18. need 一用作实义动词作为实义动词，need后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词，这种情况下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does.1need sth.这是need最常见的用法之一，其后的宾语可以是名词，也可以是代词。如：1). We need a great deal of money now. 我们需要和多钱。2). They dont it any more. 他们不再需要它了。3). Does your father need any help? 你爸爸需要帮助吗?2need doing 与 need to be doneneed后面可跟动名词作宾语，这种情况下应注意两点：.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：4). The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。5). Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。3need to do sth.作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。如：6). What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我们需要带些什么？7). Will we need to show our passports? 我们需要出示护照吗？8). You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你妈妈。二用作情态动词作为情态动词的need具有情态动词的一般性质，要充分阐释作为情态动词的need的用法，务必首先说明白情态动词的特征。情态动词的主要特征：没有人称和数的变化。不论主语是第几人称，不论主语是单数还是复数，情态都词都无形式变化；不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语，并且这个实意动词要始终是动词原形。变为否定句时只需在情态动词之后加not。变为疑问句时只需将情态动词提到主语的前面。这是情态动词的共性，作为情态动词的need当然也具有这些共性。了解了这些还不够，还要掌握作为情态动词need的一个个性，就是它只能用于否定句和疑问句，或用于由if或whether引导的宾语从句中，一般不能用于肯定句。理解了这些之后，我们便可以如此区分need的词性了：只要need后面跟的是动词原形，它就是情态动词。这时，变否定，只需在其后加not；变为疑问句，只需把它移主语的前面。例如：9). Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新录入将这封信吗？10). There is enough time. You neednt hurry. 有的是时间，你不必着急。11). The president wondered whether he need send more soldiers. 总统不知道他是否要增兵。12). -Must I hand in my homework now? 现在我必须交作业吗？-No, you neednt. 不，你不必。 1.I _know what is real.A. want/ B. need doingC. need to2. Did they_it yesterday? A. needed to didB. needed to doC. need to do3. You_trouble about that. Its none of your business. A.not needB.needntC.mustnt4. Illcomewhenyouare_help.A.on need forB.in need ofC.at need for5. Weshouldalwayshelpthose_A.on need B.in needC.at need for 6.you _to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A.neednt come B.dont need comeC.neednt to come7.I want to go to the dentists, but you _with me.A.neednt to goB.dont need goC.neednt go19. lie lie,lay,lain,指躺着，lie,lied,lied,指说谎。lay还有下蛋，放置的意思，lay,laid,laid。So we decide not to lie.但是我决定不去说谎。The child likes to lie by his mother.孩子喜欢躺在母亲身边。20. 1. Its +形容词 +of sb+动词不定式 这一句型表示“某人（做某事）”。常用形容词有：good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等，来说明“人”的性质或特征。eg. Its very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。Its foolish of you to make such mistake. 你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。 2. Its +形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式 这一句型表示“做某事对某人来说”。常用形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。 e.g. It is impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。 Its dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。21. Show sb sth = show sth to sb I showed the table to them. I showed them the table. Show其他短语Show -around : 带领-参观Show off： 炫耀Be on show ： 在展览The guide show us around the Imperial Palace. (故宫)The pandas are _ in that zoo. He always show off his treasure. 22. No one 和 none 的区别No one 指人；不能与of短语连用； 谓语动词用单数None 即可指人，也可指物；可以与of短语连用；谓语动词看none所代替的单复数而定。如果所代替意义是单数的，谓语动词就用单数。如果所代替的是复数的，谓语动词就用复数。 Eg： No one wants to go. None of their promises have been kept. No one likes failure. None of the work has been finished. None of us are students. 1. How many _ are there in the fridge?A tomato B apples C orange D bread 2. -Is that _ ice cream, Lo? - No, its too little. A too many B too little C much too D too much 3. -Would you please _ the radio a little? Kate is doing her homework. -Sorry, I will. A turn on B turn off C turn down D turn up 4. -How much _ the shoes? -Five dollars _ enough. A is ; is B are ; is C are ; are D is ; are 5. There is _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the supermarket and get _? A little; some B little ; any C few; some D few; any 6. I _ until Tom comes back. A work B will work C dont work D have worked 7. Dont forget _ your money here tomorrow. A to take B to bring C taking D bringing 8. Lets remember _ too much noise. A to make B not to make C to not make D making 9. -_ are these vegetables? -They are 10 yuan. A How B What C How much D How many 10. The doctors and the nurses were all tired, but _ stopped to have a rest. A no B no one C many D much 11. Most of my work has been finished, and I have _ to chat with my grandfather. A time enough B enough time C many times D little time 12. He is _ to have the chance to go abroad. A lucky enough B enough lucky C unlucky enough D enough unlucky 13. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt _ newsA many B a few C much D few 14. Jack has got _ color paper with hime. Lets try to ask him for some. A a little B few C a few D little 15. Dont forget to _ the lights and the TV in the sitting room before going to bed. A turn over B turn on C turn off D turn up 16. -The teacher looks very _. - Yes, He is looking _ at Tony. Whats wrong?A angry, angrily B angry, angrily C angrily, angrily D angrily, angry
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