名词性从句高考真题解析.doc

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名词性从句高考真题解析考点与例析:名词性从句主要包括:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句一、主语从句(一) that引导的主语从句这时的that没有任何意义,也不在从句中充当任何成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常情况下不能省略。【经典考题】 _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (2002上海春招)A What B That C ThisD Which 【解析】答案为B。这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句句意完整,只缺一个引导词,所以要选that。这句话的意思是“国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异”。答案为B。(二) whether引导的主语从句这时的whether意为“是否”,但不在从句中充当任何成分,位于句首时不能用if替换。【经典考题】 _ (他是否出过国) doesnt make much difference. (he, abroad) (2007湖北)【解析】答案为Whether he has been abroad or not。这是whether引导的一个主语从句。(三) what, who, whose, which, when, where, when, how等疑问词引导的主语从句这些疑问词引导主语从句时,有自身的含义,并在从句中充当成分。【经典考题】 _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春招)A. WhatB. WhichC. Whether D. That 【解析】答案为A。what引导主语从句,并在从句中作介词about的宾语。 【经典考题】 _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (2007全国卷II)A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which【解析】 答案为A。句意是:在英语学习中最重要的是充分的练习。_ matters most in learning English是一个主语从句,填入的部分在从句中显然是充当主语,且指事情,所以选what。(四) whatever, whoever(宾格用whomever), whichever, whenever, wherever等引导的主语从句这些词引导主语从句时,分别表示“无论什么”,“无论谁”,“无论哪一个”,“无论何时”,“无论哪里”等含义,而且语气较强,并在从句中充当成分。【经典考题】 _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008上海)A. Anyone B. The oneC. Whoever D. Who【解析】 答案为C。句意是:任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。这里Whoever引导的名词性从句在整个复合句中充当主语, Anyone和The one与后面的句子构成定语从句时,都缺少了在定语从句中作主语的关系代词who,而作主语的关系代词是不可以省略的。 Who虽然可以引导主语从句,但它是一个表示疑问的代词,与本句的句意不符。(五) It 作形式主语有时为了句子的平衡等目的或在一些固定句型中,把主语从句放在句子的后部,用it作形式主语引起句子。这时的that可以省略, whether有时可以替换成if。【经典考题】 It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海)A. if B. becauseC. when D. that【解析】 答案为D。句中的It是形式主语,真正的主语是eating vegetables in . life,所以要that引导这个主语从句,而that不作任何成分,也没有意义,只起连接作用。 二、 表语从句(一) that引导的表语从句这时的that没有任何意义,也不在从句中充当任何成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常不能省略。【经典考题】 The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that【解析】答案为D。that we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so 是一个表语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,本身也没有词义,只是起连接作用。(二) whether引导的表语从句这时的whether意为“是否”,但不在从句中充当任何成分,通常不能用if替换。【经典考题】 His ability has never been in doubtthe question is _ he is prepared to work hard.A. that B. ifC. whereD. whether【解析】 答案为D。句意是:他的能力绝不用怀疑问题是他是否准备好了努力。the question is后面接的显然是一个表语从句, whether意为“是否”,不能用if代替。(三)what, who, whose, which, when, where, why, how等疑问词引导的表语从句这些疑问词引导表语从句时,有自身的含义,并在从句中充当某一成分。what【经典考题】 See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A whenB whichC whereD what【解析】 答案为D。句意是:那是我们今天上午做的。 that was后面接的是一个表语从句。根据名词性从句的基本特点,该从句中的谓语动词did须有宾语,又表示笼统意义,故选what,表示“所的”。where【经典考题】 Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. whereB. whatC. whenD. why 【解析】 答案为A。where引导一个表语从句,并在从句中作表语,表地点,指前面的downtown。why【经典考题】 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?A. whyB. whichC. whatD. where 【解析】 答案为A。句意是: 那就是你请假几天的原因吗? why用来引导表语从句,并在从句中作状语,表示原因。when【经典考题】 The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whenD. why 【解析】 答案为C。句意是:上一次我们玩得开心的是参观水公园的时候。was后面接的是表语从句, when在从句中充当时间状语。(四) as if或as though引导的表语从句【经典考题】 It looks _ everything was in order.A. thatB. whereC. as ifD. how【解析】 答案为C。句意是:看起来好像一切正常。look是连系动词,后面接的是表语从句; as if意为“好像、似乎”。 三、 宾语从句(一) that引导的宾语从句这时的that没有任何意义,也不在从句中充当任何成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常被省略。【经典考题】 Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007湖南)A whyB thatC whenD where【解析】 答案为B。动词check后面接了两个并列的宾语从句the doors were closed 和that all the lights were off,第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。(二) whether引导的宾语从句这时的whether意为“是否”,但不在从句中充当任何成分,口语中常可用if替换(当从句中有or not或从句用作介词的宾语时不可替换成if)。【经典考题】 We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (2006江苏)A. if B. whereC. whether D. that【解析】答案为C。此处whether引导的宾语从句作介词of 的宾语,意为“是否”。(三) what, when, how等疑问词引导的宾语从句这些疑问词引导宾语从句时,有自身的含义,并在从句中充当某一成分。what【经典考题】 The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (2008北京)A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who【解析】 答案为C。在动词create后面的宾语从句中, what充当will be .的主语,指事物。which引导名词性从句时,表示“哪一个或哪一些”; that引导名词性从句时,没有意义,也不作成分; who指人。when【经典考题】 Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.(2006全国卷I)A. where B. when C. how D. what【解析】答案为B。when引导从句作remind的直接宾语,并在从句中作时间状语。how【经典考题】 Students are always interested in finding out _ they can go with a new teacher. (2008安徽)A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long【解析】答案为A。how far意为“多远”,这里指“和新老师相处到什么程度”;how soon表示“多久以后”; how often表示“多长时间一次”;how long表示“多久了、多长”。(四) whatever, whoever (宾格用whomever), whichever, whenever, wherever等引导的宾语从句这些词引导宾语从句时,分别表示“无论什么”,“无论谁”,“无论哪一个”,“无论何时”,“无论哪里”等含义,而且语气很强,并在从句中充当某一成分。whoever【经典考题】 Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007山东)A anyone B someone C whoever D no matter who 【解析】 答案为C。whoever引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语; no matter who只能引导状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。whatever【经典考题】 The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (2005全国卷III)A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever【解析】答案为C。whatever引导动词accept后面的宾语从句, whatever help在从句中作动词get的宾语; however和whenever不能与名词连用; whichever应该用在明确的范围内。(五) it 作形式宾语在许多带复合宾语的句子中,常常把that引导的宾语从句放到句子的后部,而用it作形式主语。【经典考题】 He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津)A. this B. that C. it D. these【解析】答案为C。这里用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的when and where the meeting would be held。 四、同位语从句 同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后面,用以说明这些名词所表示的具体内容;同位语从句有时不紧跟在其所说明的名词后面,而是被别的成分分隔开来。(一) that引导的同位语从句常接that 引导的同位语从句的名词主要有: answer, belief, condition, no doubt, fear, hope, idea, news, promise, problem, proof, question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。这时的that没有任何意义,也不在从句中充当任何成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常情况下不能省略。【经典考题】 The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper.(2008上海春招)A. whichB. whetherC. whatD. that 【解析】 答案为D。句意是:昨天报纸上报道了我们运动员又获得一枚金牌的消息。 that用来引导同位语从句,对主语the news作补充说明。(二) what, who, whose, which, when, where, how等疑问词引导的同位语从句这些疑问词引导同位语从句时,有自身的含义,并在从句中充当某一成分。【经典考题】 Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held?(2008陕西)A. what B. which C. that D. where【解析】 答案为D。where引导同位语从句,具体说明idea的内容,并在从句中充当地点状语。五、名词性从句的语序 名词性从句中应该用陈述句的语序。【经典考题】 These shoes look very good. I wonder _. (2006上海春招)A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost【解析】答案为C。动词wonder后面接的是一个宾语从句,从句中应该用陈述句的语序。所以how much开头的特殊疑问句变成宾语从句后,应去掉原来的助动词do, does, did等。六、名词性从句中的动词形式 名词性从句中的动词形式须与主句保持一致。【经典考题】 At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _.(2007江苏)A. has been reachedB. had been reachedC. has reachedD. had reached【解析】 答案为B。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。在从句中,reach an agreement应该发生在was announced之前,所以要用过去完成时; an agreement与动词reach之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态。【经典考题】 Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. (2005江苏)A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what【解析】 答案为B。在第一句中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that引导的宾语从句;在“It is necessary + that从句”结构中,that从句中的谓语动词须用“should + 动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。第二句中 is后面是一个表语从句,refused to后面省去了be sent to New York, that引导表语从句,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有意义。
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