高三英语语法复习形容词和副词.doc

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高三英语语法复习-形容词和副词一、形容词用法形容词修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态,在句子中主要用作定语、表语、补足语、状语等。(1)作定语前置定语a.形容词作定语一般需放在它所修饰的名词之前并尽量靠近被修饰的词。在这种位置上的定语叫前置定语。语序一般为“冠词(或其他限定词)+形容词+名词”。He is an honest boy.他是个诚实的孩子。b.若有多个形容修饰名词,它们的位置要由它们与被修饰词的密切程度来决定。关系最密切的形容词靠近被修饰词,而关系较远的离被修饰词则相对较远。其排列顺序通常是:限定词描绘性形容词颜色国籍、地区用途、类别名词。the happy and healthy children幸福而健康的孩子们-It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the last few sunny days at the seaside. 很好。我们拜访了朋友,在海边度过最后几天阳光明媚的日子。巧记形容词的排列顺序:“县官行令谢国材”帮你掌握英语里形容词的排列次序。“县”(限)代表限定词,包括:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。“官”(观)代表表示观点的描绘性形容词。“行”(形)代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词。“令”(龄)代表表示年龄、新、旧的形容词。“谢”(“色”的近似音)代表表示颜色的形容词等。“国”代表表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词(名词)等。“材”则代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词, stone, wooden,silk,plastic等。多个形容词同时修饰同一个名词时,就按上述顺序排列,然后加上中心名词。c.以er结尾的形容词, elder(eldest),inner, other, upper, lower, latter, outer, hinder, utter, lesser(也包括daily,weekly)只能作前置定语。d. 以en结尾的形容词,如wooden, leaden, golden, silken, woolen, brazen,等形容词,作前置定语。后置定语有些形容词作定语要放在被修饰词之后,在这种位置上的定语叫后置定语。形容词作后置定语通常有一定的原因。a.作不定代词的定语作不定代词someone, something, somebody; anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything everybody; nothing, no one nobody的定语时,定于后置。注意:如果上述词作名词表示其他含义时,形容词作定语需前置。Her husband is a real nothing.她丈夫是个微不足道的人。b.前缀以a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置。常见的有afraid, alive, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, afloat, awake等。c. 形容词短语作定语时要后置这些形容词短语多是由 “形容词+介词短语/不定式短语”构成。It is a problem difficult to solve.这是一个难解决的问题。He is a boy good at sports.他是个擅长体育运动的孩子。d.形容词成对使用时由and/or连接的并列形容词成对使用时后置。e. 同表示方位、时间和数量等习语、词组连用时后置。f.某些作形容词非限定性定语时后置。(2)作表语在连系动词后要用形容词作表语。常见的连系动词有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),get/become/grow (变得),go/ come (变), remain(保持)。而行为动词则要用副词修饰。只能用作表语的形容词大多数形容词可以用作定语或表语,但有些形容词只能用作表语。a.以“a-”开头的形容词asleep睡着的 afraid害怕的 awake醒着的 alone孤单的alive活着的 ashamed羞耻的 alike 相似的有些形容词是以-ly结尾的,我们容易把它们误认为是副词,如lovely(可爱的),friendly(友好的),orderly(有序的),slightly(悦耳的),motherly(母亲般的),sisterly(姐妹般的),brotherly(兄弟般的)。She looks lovely.她看上去很漂亮。(3)宾语的补足语形容词作宾语补足语即与宾语一起构成复合宾语,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。We keep the lab clean and tidy.我们保持实验室干净、整洁。(4)作状语形容词作状语,表示意义上的增补,和句子主语有逻辑上的主谓关系。He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了7天。For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会,简直不能相信刚才发生的事。(5)起名词作用,作主语某些形容词前加上定冠词the变成名词化的形容词,相当于名词,表示一类人,在句子中做主语、宾语等。(6)作感叹语Very good! Say it again.很好,再说一遍。Wonderful! Sing us another song.好极了!再为我们唱一首。3、形容词的比较等级与形容词的原级(原形)相对而言,形容词的比较等级一般有两个:比较级(comparative degree)和最高级(superlative degree) hot热 hotter更热 hottest最热careful认真 more careful更认真 most careful最认真(1)规则形容词级的构成形容词的比较级形式是在形容词末加-er或其前面加more;最高级形式是在词末加-est或在其前面加most。形式变化一般有如下规则:单音节词 er和est型 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级一般在词末加-er和-est great greater greatest以e结尾的只加-r和-st large larger largest以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加-er, -est dry drier driest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er,-est big bigger biggest双音节词 er和est型 少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节单词,方法同单音节词 narrow narrower narrowestmore和most型 其他的在前面加more, most分别构成比较级和最高级quickly more quickly most quickly多音节词 more和most型 在其前面加more和most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful(2)不规则形容词的级的构成不规则形容词的级的变化是不规则的,只能记住。原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad /ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthestfurther furthestold older oldestelder eldest(3)在形容词前加less和least,表示“较不”和“最不”interesting有趣的 less interesting较无趣的 least interesting最无趣的important重要的 less important较不重要的 least important最不重要的(4)没有比较级和最高级的形容词 表示“完全、特别”意义的形容词final, hopeless, fatherless, motherless, universal, complete, entire, excellent, perfect, thorough, total, whole, full, empty, relative, homeless, harmless, impossible等。 表示“极限、主次”意义的形容词chief, extreme, main, major, basic, primary, first, most, wonderful, 表示“几何形状”的形容词angular, circle, level, oval, round, square, horizontal, triangle, straight, hollow等。 表示“处所、方位、时间”的形容词ahead, daily, weekly, here, now, present, then, backward, outside, future, once等 表示“状态和强调”的形容词asleep, ashamed, awake, aware, blind, deaf, dead, naked,favorite, hardly, own, simple, very 表示“国籍、性质、材料”的形容词American, atomic, economic, earthen, scientific, woolen, silken, metallic, true, false, illegal, sufficient, mortal 表示“独一无二”的形容词mere, only, single, sole, matchless junior等词junior, senior, inferior, prior没有比较级和最高级,要同to连用,不能和than连用。4、形容词比较级和最高级的用法(1)二者之间的比较形容词比较级用于事物二者之间的比较,表示程度上“更高”;常用从属连词than连接。其结构为含有形容词比较级的主句+than引导的从句(其中意义上和主句相同的部分常省去)。Tom is taller than his deskmate.汤姆比他同桌高。The black car is more expensive than the red one .这辆黑车比那辆红车更贵。The weather here is even better than that of Qingdao.这里的气候甚至比青岛的还好。After ten years of hard work, she looks much older than before.十年的辛劳之后,她看上去比以前老多了。注意:有些情况下,形容词比较级不必用than。 Do you want a better job?你想找份更好的差使吗?They have made the house bigger and stronger.他们把房子扩大、加固了。(2)二者以上的事物比较形容词最高级用于二者以上的事物比较,表示程度上“最高”。最高级前一般需加定冠词the。This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。That seemed to be the happiest day of her life.那似乎是她一生中最快活的的一天。Is your grandma the oldest woman in your village?你奶奶是你们村中年龄最大的女人吗?Which do you think is the most instructive of his plays?你认为他的剧本中哪部最有益?John has three sisters. Mary is the cleverest of the three. 约翰有三个妹妹,玛丽最聪明。巧记比较等级用法:两者比较用than连,三者比较the在前。同级比较用原级,asas永不离。若是否定加not,asas否前者。asas加not,只说两者有区别。soas加not,后者总是强前者。二、副词:副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,使它们的意思更清楚、更准确、更完整,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。yesterday昨天 here这儿 often经常 quite很 quickly快速 happily幸福地a.副词的分类(1)根据副词的语法功能即在句中的作用可将副词分为:普通副词 well好 carefully认真地 together一起疑问副词 when何时 where何地 why为何 关系副词 when何时 where何地 why为何连接副词 so因此 however然而 otherwise否则(2)根据副词的词义来分类方式副词 well好地 easily容易地 suddenly突然很多方式副词由形容词+-ly构成。但是一些形容词本身可作副词。high高地 wide宽广地 deep深深地时间副词 tomorrow明天 before以前 once曾经地点副词 there那边 abroad在国外 downstairs楼下程度副词 very很 quite非常 terribly极数量副词 little少 much多 twice两次疑问副词。 when何时 why为何 how如何b.副词的语法功能(1)作状语副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词,或者修饰整个句子。副词作状语修饰整个句子时,常是评述性的,表示说话人的态度。She asked her daughter not to drive too fast.她请女儿别开车太快。In the battle every soldier fought bravely.战斗中每个战士都英勇作战。He has never heard of the name before.他以前从未听人说过这个名字。Are you quite sure we are on the right way back to the camp?你很肯定我们走对了回营地的路吗?Luckily, she was in when I called.很幸运,我去看她时她正好在家。(2)作表语表示位置的副词作表语时说明主语的状态或特征(above, across, inside, upstairs);表示动作方向的副词作表语时是有动作意义(up, down, on, in, off, out);well off, up to等副词短语也可以作表语。Isnt he up yet? 他还没起床吗?Im sorry but he is not in.对不起,他不在。Whats on at the theatre this weekend?本周末剧院演什么?(3)作定语副词作定语一般放在被它所修饰的名词、代词之后。The boys there are talking about football. 那边的男生正在侃球。Is life here full of joy? 这里的生活充满欢乐吗?On her way back home, she found a wallet. 她在回家的路上发现一个钱包。(3)作介词宾语某些表示位置的副词可以再under, from, in, on around, along等后作介词宾语;某些时间副词可以再by, from , except, before, after, till, since等词后作介词宾语。You can leave the goods anywhere but here.除了这里外,你愿把货物放哪都行。He came from there.他从那里来。c.副词的位置(1)程度副词在句中的位置程度副词一般放在被修饰的动词、形容词或副词的前面,放在to be或第一个助动词和情态动词之后。常用的这类词:just, too, fairly, nearly, awfully, slightly, exactly, perfectly, thoroughly, hardly, almost, quite, extremely, completely, rather等。I can hardly believe what he said.我几乎不相信他说的话。I am very happy to be with you.和你在一起和愉快。 (2)频度副词在句中的位置通常在不需要强调时放在行为动词前,放在to be或第一个助动词和情态动词之后。常用的这类词:ever, rarely, often, sometimes, seldom, never, constantly, frequently, occasionally, always, usually等。I often saw her walk in the park.我常看见她在公园里散步。You mustnt always be talking so much.你绝对不能说那么多话。 (3)方式副词在句中的位置方式副词一般放在动词后。The girl danced beautifully.这个姑娘的舞姿很美。She speaks English very well.她的英语讲得很好。(4)时间副词时间副词,尤其是表示具体时间的副词,一般放在句首或句尾。常用的副词:finally, yet, still, now, soon, lately, shortly, then, recently, personally, already, before, early, late, today等。He will be back tomorrow.他明天回来。Tomorrow he will be back.他明天回来。(5)地点副词通常置于句尾,有时置于句首,一般不置于句中, 常用的副词:away, abroad, downstairs, everywhere, outside, around, here, below, anywhere, somewhere, near, far, up, down等。The boy are playing downstairs.孩子们在楼下玩。Here the speaker paused for a while.发言的人在这里停顿了一会。(6)enough 在句中的位置当enough修饰形容词或副词时,把enough放在形容词或副词的后面。If I had a long enough holiday Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.如果我有足够长的假期,我将去欧洲旅行,在所有有趣的地方逗留。I think Im well enough to get back to school.我认为我好了,可以返校了。(7)only 在句中的位置only在句子中的位置非常灵活,常放在与它关系最密切的词前表示强调,不同的位置具有不同的意义。Only I heard of this just now. 刚才只有我听到这件事。(没其它人)I heard of only this just now. 刚才我只听到这件事。(没听到别的事)I heard of this only just now. 我只是在刚才才听到这件事。(强调时间)d.副词的比较等级和形容词一样,副词也有比较级和最高级形式。 fast快 faster更快 fastest最快early早 earlier更早 earliest最早badly糟地 worse更糟 worst最糟brightly明亮地 more brightly更明亮 most brightly最明亮副词比较等级的用法也与形容词相似,即用比较级表示两者间“更”,用最高级表示多者间“最”,但副词最高级前可用定冠词the,也可以不用。 Betty plays tennis better than her brother.贝蒂打网球比她哥哥强。Mr. Wang always gets to the school earlier than any other teacher.王老师经常到校比其他教师早。Who swims (the) best in your team?你们队谁游泳最棒?Susan sings the most beautifully and is chosen to play the part.苏珊唱得最动听就被选中担任这一角色。.有关形容词、副词等级的特殊用法1、不用来比较的形容词有些形容词由于其本身涵义一般不用来比较。 perfect完善的 full满着的 empty空的square方形的 round圆的 wooden木的monthly每月的 red红色的2、“most+形容词”可表达一种程度上非常高的特性和品质,表示“非常”或“在很大程度上”,但却 不表示比较,这时most前一般无the。 What he said is most interesting.他说的话有趣极了。Lucy is a most beautiful girl and she cooks most delicious cakes.露西是个非常美貌的姑娘,她做的糕饼也格外好吃。Dont you know it is a most important question?难道你不知道这是个很重要的问题吗?3、表示程度相等(同)或不相等(同)时,“相等(同)”asas,“不相等(同)”用not so(as)。 asas之间通常用表示数量、程度、性质的词,如many, much, little, few, good, tall, far等。John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. 如果说约翰的足球踢的不比大卫好,至少和他踢的一样好。You look as tall as your father.你看上去跟你爸爸一般高。I want another jacket as large as that one.我想再要件跟那件一样尺码的夹克衫。In order to catch up with your deskmate, you should work as hard as him.要想赶上你同桌,你就得跟他一样用功。It was not so hot as yesterday.天不像昨天那么热了。She cant speak English as frequently as you.她的英语讲得不如你流利。注意:如果形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词,一般将不定冠词a放在形容词之后。 French is as difficult a language as English.法语跟英语一样难学。Ive never seen so moving a film as Titanic.我以前从未看过像泰坦尼克号那么动人的电影。4、倍数的表达方式英语中要表示甲物是乙物的几倍时,常用下列几种结构:(1) 用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时,用下面三个句型,用副词表示则一般只用前两个句型。倍数+形容词 (或副词)的比较级+thanThis rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)The car runs twice faster than that truck.这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍 (是那辆卡车的三倍) 。倍数+as+形容词(或much)或副词原级+asAsia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(高出九倍) 倍数+the size(length,width,height)ofThis street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。This hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)也可用:The height of this hill is four times that of that small one.Paper produced every year is three times the weight of the worlds production of vehicle. 每年的造纸量是世界生产汽车重量的3倍。(2)要用名词表示“量”的倍数时,则用以下两个句型:倍数+more+名词 (可数,不可数)+thanThere are four times more books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆藏书(数量)是你们图书馆藏书的四倍。(我们图书馆藏书比你们的多三倍。)We have produced twice more grain this year than we did last year.我们今年生产的粮食比去年增长一倍。(是去年的两倍)倍数+as many(或much)+名词+其他+asAfter the technique was introduced, the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988 as the year before.采用新的技术以后,那个工厂1988年生产的拖拉机是前一年 (1987年)的两倍,(比前一年增长一倍)There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one.这个壶里的水(量)是那个壶里的三倍。 比较等级的修饰形容词和副词的比较等级常可用下列一些词来修饰,表示比较的程度:much, far, even, still, a little, no ,any, a lot, a great deal等。. The girl sang far better than the others and got the first prize finally.那女孩唱得比其他人好多了,最后获得一等奖。Im sure youll make still greater progress.我肯定你能取得更大的进步。Its far more difficult to learn English well without practice.不操练要学好英语就难多了。6、比较级+and+比较级常用“比较级+and+比较级”来表达“越来越。 His voice got weaker and weaker.他的声音越来越弱。Take some medicine and youll get better and better.吃些药吧,你会越来越好。The policeman ran faster and faster after the thief and caught him at last.警察追小偷越跑越快,终于抓住了他。 7、越,(就)越 常用the more,the more来表达。 The sooner this is done, the better.这件事做得越早越好。The more the king ate ,the fatter he became.国王吃得越多长得越胖。The harder he tried, the less progress he seemed to make.他越努力,似乎进步越小。8、too +形容词(或副词)+ to do sth的用法(1)too +形容词(或副词)+ to do sth,具有否定的意义,表示“太不能,太不会”Its too late for us to catch the train.太晚了,我们赶不上火车了。She is too careless to notice it.她太粗心了,不可能注意到那一点。(2)too +形容词(或副词)+ to do sth表示肯定概念如果too前面有only, all, not, but, never, simply, just等词时,too后面的词是eager, anxious, pleased, kind, willing, ready, glad, quick,等词时,该句型表示肯定概念。在用法上,too和extremely,very同义。He is too ready to promise.他总是轻易许诺。You know but too well to hold your tongue.你深知少说为妙。He is only too glad to help you.他非常乐意帮助你。9、more than, less than及其两种不同否定形式(1)more than表示“多于”。 We have learned more than 3,000 English words by far.到目前为止我们已学了三千多个英语单词。(2)no more than 和not more than分别表示“只不过”(only)和“不多于”。 Therere no more than 12 tickets left for your group.还剩下不过十二张票给你们小组。He is no more clever than his father.他并不比他父亲聪明多少。(意指他和他爸爸一样不聪明)The computer is not more expensive than a colour TV set.电脑不比彩电贵。(3)less than表示“少于”。 They managed to complete the hall in less than ten months.他们在不到十个月时间内就建成了大会堂。(4)no less than和not less than则分别表示“不亚于”和“不少于”。 He spends no less than five hours on English every day .每天他花在英语上的时间有5小时之多。There were not less than 2,000 people present at the meeting.到会的至少有两千人。10、具有两种不同形式和意义的比较等级的形容词和副词(1)late;later;latest;latter;lastlate(晚),later、latest指时间上的较迟、最近;latter、last指顺序上的后者、最后。They got there much later than we had expected.他们到达得比我们预料的要晚得多。Three years later she met her friend in London.三年后她在伦敦遇见了她的朋友。Read us the latest news in the newspaper把报上的最新消息读给我们听。Who will speak last at the meeting?谁将在会上最后发言?The former is bad; the latter is worse.前面的差;后面的更差。(2)older,oldest;elder,eldestolder,oldest指人的年纪或事物年代的久远;elder,eldest指人的长幼顺序。 Its one of the oldest cities in the world.它是世界上最古老的城市之一。My elder brother is only one and a half years older than I.我哥只比我大一岁半。(3)farther, farthest far(远)等形容词或副词的比较级和最高级有两种不同形式,但分别表达两种不同意义。farther指距离上更远、最远;而further、furthest指抽象意义上的更进一步、最远。有时可以互换。We cant go any farther / further ahead with this out-of-date policy.我们决不能再继续执行这项过了时的政策了。We walked a few blocks farther down the street.我们沿着这条大道路又走了几个街区。I have nothing further to say.我没有别的话要说了。He can put the shot further / farther than I can.他的铅球比我扔得更远。Nothing was further from my mind.这远远不是我的意思。There will be a further performance of the opera next week.这出戏下星期还要演出一场。He said that he could not find it and, further, that nobody would ever find it.他说他找不到它, 而且也没有人会找到它。He stated further that he would not cooperate with the committee.他进一步指出他不愿与委员会合作。We were all tired and couldnt walk any farther.我们太累了,一点也不能向前走了。You can ask the department manager for further information.要知详情请询问部门经理。11、not so much A as B和more A than B(1)not so much A as Bnot so much A as B是部分否定结构,意为“与其说是A,不如说是B”。James is not so much a writer as a reporter.詹姆士与其说是作家,不如说是记者。The Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋与其说是分离了世界,倒不如说连接了世界。(2)more A than Bmore A than B是部分否定结构,意为“与其说是B,不如说是A”。This book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书不如说是一本字典。He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。12、be kind of sb. to do sth和be difficult for sb. to do sth(1)“It is + 形容词+of+代词+不定式”结构这个结构表示说话人对客观事物的高兴、惊讶、懊悔、难过等情绪,表现的是人的性格、品质或特征等。这个句型实际上相当于感叹句,能用于此句型的形容词表示褒义、贬义等词:polite, brave, careless, selfish, greedy, crazy, mad;表示智力的词:clever, brilliant, silly, stupid, absurd, dumb, foolish, unwise;态度:nice, kind, good, sweet, wonderful, right, wrong等。Its very kind of you to do it for me.你为我坐这件事太好了。Its foolish of him to waste him so much time.他太傻了,浪费这么多时间。(2)“It is + 形容词+ for +代词+不定式”结构这个结构表示说话人对客观事物的决断性,多用于正式场合,能用于此句型的形容词:hard, difficult, possible, impossible, dangerous, useful, useless, common, unusual, enough, convenient等。Its difficult to answer this question.回答这个问题太难了。It impossible for him to finish the work in such a short while.这么一会它就完成工作是不可能的。、一些形容词、副词及其一些短语的比较1、good和wellgood,well都有好的意思,但它们的用法却不同。well既能作副词又能作形容词。作副词时通常修饰动词,作形容词时可作表语,指身体好。 good则只作形容词,表示“物品的质量好”或“某人品质好”。在句中可作定语或表语。These oranges taste good. 这些橘子很好吃。He did very well in the exam.他考试考得很好。He isnt feeling well today.他今天感觉不舒服。2、most, at(the) most, almost, mostly(1)mostmost是many、much的最高级,常与定冠词the连用,表示“最”的意思。He is one of the most famous writers in China.他是中国最出名的作家之一。Which of you has made the most mistakes? 你们中哪一位出的错最多?若不加定冠词,即在“most+副词或形容词”结构中,most是副词,意为“很、非常”,”十分”。I shall most certainly go there.我一定去那里。若用在“most+名词”结构中,most是形容词,意为“大部分的、多数或最多的”。Most students like English. 大部分学生都喜欢英语。在“most of+名词”中,most意为“大部分”。若此结构作主语,其后谓语动词的数与后接名词的数保持一致。Most of his friends are away for the moment.他的大部分朋友暂时离开了。Most of the apple was rotten.这苹果一多半都烂了,若加不定冠词,即在“most+adj.+名词”结构中,most是副词意为“很、非常”,用来修饰其后的形容词。Guilin is a most beautiful city.桂林是一个很美的城市。The statue is made of marble of a most lovely colour.这雕像是一种很好看的颜色的大理石雕成的。(2)at(the)most表示“最多,至多”。At most, Ill be away two days.我最多离开两天。The necklace cost 500 francs at the most.这个项链最多值500法郎。(3)mostly表示 “主要地,多半地,通常”。The students are mostly young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty.学生多半是十六至二十岁的青年人。The guests are mostly her friends.客人多半是她的朋友。(2)almost表示“几乎,差一点就,差不多,将近”与nearly相似。在表示程度或可以衡量的事物时,两者差别不大,只是almost在程度上比nearly更接近一些,感情色彩更浓,nearly则更客观。It is nearly four oclock.快四点钟了。It is almost four oclock.差一点(几乎)四点钟了。Nearly all the students have the habit.几乎所有的学生都有这一习惯。Almost all the students have the habit.差不多所有的学生都有这一习惯。almost表示 “接近”,在肯定句中可与nearly互换,两者都可用在all,every,always之前,或行为动词的否定式前。Jack has almost (nearly) finished the work.杰克快要完成这工作了。He almost (nearly) always makes mistakes.他差不多总是犯错误。The patients progress was encouraging as he could nearly get out of bed without help. 病人的进步令人鼓舞,他几乎不需帮助就能下床了。若不是表示程度或可衡量的事,就只能用almost;在more than,too,no,none,nothing等词之前,就只能用almost,而nearly不可;almost之前不可用not,而nearly则可以。The new computer is almost human.这台新的计算机几乎和人一样灵。Almost no one (Hardly anyone) believed her story. 几乎没有人相信她的故事 。His words are almost more than I can bear. 他的话简直让我难以忍受。3、no longer/not.any longer; no more/not.any more这几种结构都表示“不再”的意思,但其侧重点和用法均有很大区别:(1)not.any longer/no longer侧重于时间关系,意为“不再长久”。多用于现在时,即拿现在的情况与过去相比。其谓语动词通常用延续性动词,多位于句中。I can no longer stay here. 我不能再呆在此地。(已经呆了很久,不能再继续下去了。)Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office?打扰了,是布朗先生的办公室吗?Im sorry, but Mr. Brown no longer works here. He left about three weeks ago.对不起,布朗先生不再在这里工作了。他走了三周了。Will you give this message to Mr. White, please?你给怀特先生把这个口信带到好吗?Sorry, I cant. He doesnt work here any longer. 对不起,怀特先生不再在这里工作了。(2)no more/not.any more侧重于数量关系,意为“不再多”。多用在将来时中,是拿今后和现在比,表示以后怎么样。其谓语动词通常用终止性动词,多位于句末。Time lost will return no more. 失去的时间将一去不复返。(现在失去,将来不会复返。) I dont have any more tapes.我不再有磁带了。(3)any more/no more可以作主语、宾语而any longer/no longer不能。No more is wanted now.现在没要别的。Do you want any more?你还要么?4、How long.;How soon.;How often.;How far.(1)How long+一般疑问句此句型常针对“for+一段时间”,“from.to.,since,till.”等提问,表示某动作或状态持续了或要持续 “多久”,常用于完成时或将来时。此句型动词不能用瞬间动词或称终止性动词,常见的终止性动词有:buy, die, join, marry, come, leave, arrive, reach, go to bed, fall asleep, go to sleep, get to know, borrow, appear等。-How long have you been at this school?你来这个学校多久了?-Er,Ive been here for just over two years. 呃,我来这里刚两年多。-How long will it take .you to complete the trip? 你完成这次旅行要多久?-Perhaps about more than half a year. 或许得半年多。-How long have you been away from home?你离开家多长时间了?-I have been away from home for five months.我离家五年了。(2)How often+一般疑问句此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数,表示“多长时间一次”。往往针
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