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初中英语动词用法Aact v. 表演，演戏act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色，担任某工作I dont understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。其他用法：act for 代表某人，代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间，她的律师一直代理她的业务。词语拓展：action n. 行为，行动； take action 采取行动actor n. 演员 actress n. 女演员 active adj. 活跃的，积极的，主动的，起作用的；actively adv. 活跃地，积极地；activety n. 活动性, 活力；活动（activities 复数）accept v. 接受；赞同；欢迎；听从近义词辨析：accept 和receiveaccept 是“接受、认可“的意思，是收到并接受；receive 有”收到“的意思，但不一定接受。e.g. I received a lot of gifts on my birthday, but I didnt accept any.生日那天我收到许多礼物，但是我并没有收下任何礼物。achieve vt. 获得 achieve a balance betweenand 在和之间获得平衡add v. (1)加，增加，添加 add sth. to sth. 往.里添加. eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加 eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物 eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充；继续说 eg. “Ill come here later. he added. add in 包括.在内 eg. Dont forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计，加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 词语拓展：addition n. 加法；增加的人或事物 in addition 加上, 又, 另外，单独使用放在句首，逗号隔开 eg: In addition，there are six students. 除此之外，还有六名学生。in addition to 除.外还eg: In addition to high salaries, you will enjoy a paid holiday every year. besides 表示“除 以外，（还，也）”，相当于 in addition to. eg.Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistryexcept 表示“除外，（其余都）”，常与all，every，no, none, nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。 eg.He answered all the questions except the last one. 除了最后一个问题外，所有的问题他都回答了。 except for 也表示“除 以外”，但是和 except 不同的是: 与 except 连用的整体词和 except 所跟的词常常是同类的，是指整体除去一部份; 而与 except for 连用的整体词与 except for 所跟的词往往不是同类的，是指整体中除去 一个细节。例如: Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误以外， 你的作文写得很好。 Except for an old lady, the bus was empty. 除了有一个老太太以外， 这辆公共汽车是空的。apart from 表示“除 之外”。根据上、下文的不同，它既可用作 besides, 也可用作 except 和 except for。 Apart from them, I had no one to talk to. （= except） 除了他们以外， 我没有人说话。 Apart from other considerations, time is also a factor. (=besides） 除了别的考虑之外，时间也是一个因素。 (It is) Good work apart from a few slight faults. (= except for） 除了几个小毛病以外，这是一篇佳作。aitional adj. 附加的，额外的，添加的advice n. 建义，劝告；信息 a piece of advice 一条建议ask for advice 寻求建议give sb some advice = give some advice to sb 给某人提建议take/follow ones advice 接受、遵照某人的建议advise v. 给出主意；建议；通知 advice sb to do sth 建议某人做某事suggestion n. (C) 建议 offer sb. some suggestions Can you offer me some suggestions?affect v. 影响；感动 eg Cold weather affected the crops.词语拓展：effect n. 影响，作用；效果 come/go into effect 实施，生效 in effect 实际上 take effect 生效，起作用 have a good/bad effect on sb. 对某人有好的/坏的影响effective adj 有效的，生效的 affection n 喜爱，爱慕之情 afford v. 负担得起（.的费用，损失，后果），买得起；抽得出时间（常与can, could, be able to 连用） afford sth. eg. Id love to go on holiday but I cant afford the time. eg. They walked because the cant afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they cant afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I cant afford to loose my job.afford sb sth 提供，给与The tnsaction afforded him a good profit.这笔交易使他赚了一大笔 afford st 抽出多少时间 I cant afford an hour for lunch. 我抽不出一小时吃午饭。afraid adj. 担心，害怕，恐怕 . be afraid of 害怕 e.g. Dont be afraid of asking for help from others.不要害怕向别人求助。 be afraid for 担心 e.g. Im afraid for my sister. 我担心我的妹妹。 be afraid /be afraid of sth./doing 害怕（做）某事 eg Im afraid of snakes.我害怕蛇。 Im afraid of going out alone at night.be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 eg Dont be afraid to ask questions.不要害怕问问题。Im afraid so. /Im afraid not. 我恐怕是这样/不是这样Im afraid that 我恐怕。. eg I have a lot of homework to do. Im afraid (that) I cant go with you.agree v. 同意，赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词 eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句 eg. She agreed that I was right. 其他用法：agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) （对某人的健康或胃口）适合 eg. like mushrooms but unfortunately they dont agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇，可惜吃了以后难受。 eg.The humid climate in the south didnt agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。 词语拓展：agreement n. 协定，协议 agreeable adj. 欣然同意的 disagree v. 不同意，有分歧answer n. & v. 回答;解决方案;反应 the answer to answer a question 回答问题 solve the problem 解决问题reply n./v. 答复，回答 reply to a question/letter My penfriend in the USA hasnt replied to my last three e-mails.aim v. 瞄准，对准 aim at 瞄准，针对（直接的目的） eg.I aimed at the door but hit the window. eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子 ； aim at a success 志在成功be aimed at 目的是，旨在,为了；较为委婉eg.Our marketing campaign should be aimed at young working couples。我们的行销活动应该针对年轻的上班夫妇.aimed for 瞄准；以为目标 (长久以来的目标) eg.Your whole parenting has aimed for this moment.你这个教育目标就是这一刻allow v. 允许，准许 allow doing sth. 允许某人做某事 eg. We dont allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb not to do sth不允许某人做某事注意被动：sb. be allowed to do sth.allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 allow for 考虑到，把考虑进来，体谅 eg.We must allow for his youth. 我们必须体谅他的年轻. (sth ) allow of 容许 eg. The situation allows of no dely. 情况不容拖延。 词语拓展：allowance n. 津贴, 补助, 零用钱 permit v. 允许，较为强硬 n. 许可证permit sb.to do sth. permit doing sth. permission n. 允许annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气，使某人心烦 eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。appear v. 出现；露面；（公开）演出 appear to do 好象是 It appears that + 从句 eg. It appears to me that you are all wrong. 我觉得你们全都错了。appearance n. 出现，相貌 She made her final appearance on the screen. 她最后一次出现在银幕上。disappear v 消失appreciate v. 感激 appreciate sth. appreciate doing sth.argue v. 争论，争吵 argue with sb. about/ over/ on sth. 与某人争论某事 eg. We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. 其他用法：argue sb. into/ out of doing sth. 说服某人做/ 不做某事 eg. They argue his into giving up his plan.arrive v. 到达 arrive in + 大地方 eg. We arrived in Paris. arrive at + 小地方 eg. We arrived at the station/ my nation town. 其他用法：arrive at sth. 达成或得出某事物 arrived at an agreement(达成协议)/ a conclusion(得出结论) eg What dicision did you arrived at? 你们做出了什么决定？arrive at/in 到达某地get to 某地reach a place / 数字 到达某地/数量arrival n. 到达 time of arrival 到达的时间ask v. 询问，问 ask sth. eg. May I ask questions? ask sb. sth. eg. He asked me the way to the supermarket. He asked me their names. He asked me where he should go. ask sb. about sth. eg. He asked me about my health. ask sb.to do sth. eg. He ask me to stop smoking. He ask me not to swim here. ask for sth. (to do sth.) 请求 eg. She asked for more time (to think it over). 她请求多一点时间（仔细考虑）。 ask for sb. 找（某人） Did anyone ask for me last week? ask sb for help=turn to sb 向某人求助ask sb for some advice 向某人征求意见ask sb for sth 向某人索要其他用法：ask the way 问路； ask for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃 attempt v. 企图，试图 试图做某事 attempt to do sth. attempt doing sth.attention n. 注意，专心 pay attention to 注意 You should pay attention to your spoken English.你应该注意你的口语。asleep adj. 睡着的 fall asleep 入睡 He was too tired, so he fell fast asleep.他太累了，很快就入睡了。sleep vi./n. 睡觉 go to sleep After breakfast, I want to go to sleep.吃完早饭后，我想去睡觉get enough sleep I dont get enough sleep. I feel sleepy in class.我没有足够的睡眠，我课堂上感到想睡觉。sleepy adj. 欲睡的，困倦的 feel sleepy 感到困倦Bbeat v. 打败，战胜 (beat, beaten) beat sb. (at sth.) 在某方面打败/ 胜过某人 He beats me at chess. 他在下棋方面胜我一筹。 beat sb. 打某人beat/defeat 一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg. We beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。 In the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击（打）败。 win/gain 一组同义词。gain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有ones living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration 等；win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。 eg. We shall gain experience through practice.我们将通过实践获得经验。 They won the battle but lost many men. 他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。hit 指“打中”或“对准来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。tap一般是轰轰拍打的意思。eg:The stone hit him on the head.石头击中了他的头部 become v. 成为，变成 become + 名词 He became a doctor at last. become interesting in 变得对.感兴趣 其他用法：What becomes/ will become of sb./ sth.? 某人某事的情况如何 eg. What will become if I die? 假如我死了我的孩子会怎么样呢？begin v. 开始 begin to do sth. = begin doing sth. 开始做某事 begin /start with 由.开始 eg. We will begin with you. 从你开始。 eg. The concert(音乐会) began with a piano solo(钢琴独奏). beginning n. 开始 at the beginning of 在。的开始start v 开始 ；n. 开始start to do sth =start doing sth 开始做某事at the start of 在。的开始start off 动身，开始活动 to start/begin with 第一，首先end n. 最后，末尾 at the end （of）在(的)末端 eg At the end of the street youll find the hospital. in the end =finally =at last最后，终于 eg In the end she married a singer by the end of 到。结束时，末尾时（用于完成时） eg We had studied English for three years by the end of last term end with 以结束behave v. 举止，表现 behave well/ badly 表现好/ 不好，举止良好/ 不好believe v. 相信，认为 believe sb. 相信某人说的话 eg. I believe him. 我相信他的话。 believe in sb. 相信/ 信任某人 eg. I believe in him. 我相信他。 believe sb. + adj. eg. I believe him honest. 我相信他是诚实的。 believe + 从句 eg. I believe that he can do the job well.belong v. 属于 belong to by prep by + 交通工具 乘交通工具 1）take a/the 交通工具 to sp. 乘交通工具去某地 =go to sp. by 交通工具 2）on a bike =by bike 骑自行车 on foot 步行 3）on / in + 限定词+交通工具 4）v. +to +sp. e.g. fly to sp.borrow v. 借，借入，借进borrow sth.( from sb.) 从某地/ 某人处借. borrow a book (from library)lend vt. 借给 lend sth. to sb./lend sb.sth. 把某物借给某人 eg Excuse me,can I borrow a bike from you?/Can I borrow your bike?我能借你的自行车吗？return v 归还 ，回到 return to sp = go back to sp 回到某地 return sth to sp 把某物还到某地 in return 回报bow v. 鞠躬 bow to 服从 bow to sbs oppinion 屈从某人的意见 make a bow 鞠躬 take a bow 鞠躬答谢break v. 打破，违背 break into 闯进 break away (from ) (从)逃脱 break into/ to pieces 碎成片 break up with sb. 与某人绝交 break sth. off 突然中断、终止某事物 break down 汽车抛锚 break out 突然发生 eg. Fire broke out last night. 夜间突然失火了。 break through sth. 克服 eg. break through the difficulties 克服困难breathe v 呼吸 注意发音breath n 呼吸take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸 breathe in 呼入 breathe out 呼出 be short/out of breath 上气不接下气bring v. 拿来，取来，带来 bring sth. to sb. = bring sb. sth. 把某物带来给某人bring sb./ sth. (with one) 带着某物或某人来 eg. He always brings a bottle of wine (with him) when he comes to dinner.bring sth./ sb. back 送回某人/ 某物 eg. He brought me back in his car last night. 他昨天晚上开车送我回来的。 Please bring back the book to me tomorrow. 请明天把书带来还我。bring sb. up 培养，养育 eg. He was brought up by his aunt. 他是被他阿姨养大的。 She brought up five children all together. 她总共抚养了5个儿女。其他用法：bring sth. up 呕吐 bring about 带来，造成 bring about great changes 带来巨大变化 bring in 收获（庄稼等） bring in a good harvest 好收成build v. 建造，建筑 build sth. build a factory 建厂房 build sth. for sb. = build sb. sth. eg. His father built a model aeroplane for him. = His father built him a model aeroplane. build sth. of/ from/ out of sth. 用.(材料)建造. eg. Birds build their nests out of twigs. 鸟儿用细树枝筑巢。 build sth. up 逐渐建立、增加、增强或发展某事物 build up a big library 逐渐建立一座大的图书馆 其他用法：Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。burn v. 燃烧，点燃 burn out 烧坏，烧完，烧尽 burn down 烧毁 burn away 烧坏，烧掉；（逐渐）消灭，消失 eg. The sunlight has burnt away the haze. 日光使雾消散了。buy v. 购买，买 buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.sell v 卖 sell out 卖光sell sth. to sb. =sell sb. sth. 卖给某人某物Ccall v. 打电话；称作，取名；呼唤，叫喊；要求，命令 call sb. =give sb. a cal 给某人打电话 call + 电话号码 打某个电话号码 call sb. at + 电话号码 打某个电话号码找某人 call sb. sth. 把某人称为. call him a walking-dictionary 把他称为活字典call on sb. 拜访某人 call at s.p. 拜访某地 call by 顺便拜访 call for 要求，需要 eg. Success calls for hard work. 成功需要努力。 call sth. off 取消或放弃某事 call up 回想起 This book calls up happy memories of his childhood. 这本书唤起了他对童年幸福的回忆。called adj. 叫做的（后置）be called /named 被叫做care v. 对.在意，对.在意 take care of sb. 照顾 take care of sth. 处理，负责 take care to do sth. 小心，当心 take care that 小心 care about 关心 He doesnt care about anything we say.care to do sth. 愿意做某事(多用于否定句和疑问句) eg. Would you care to go for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗？ carry v. 搬运，携带carry sth. with sb. 随身携带 carry away 运走，拿走carry back 运回，拿回，使回想起 carry into effect 实现，实行carry on 继续进行 eg. Well carry on our discussion tomorrow. 明天继续我们的讨论。carry sth. too far 做的太过分了catch v. 赶上（车船等），捕获 catch up with sb. in sth. 在某方面追赶上某人 eg. If you dont work hard, he will catch up with you in study. 区别：keep up with 跟上，不落后于 keep up with him 跟上他 catch sb. doing sth. 逮住某人正在做什么 eg. I caught him stealing. 我发现他正在偷东西。 catch up sbs attention/ eyes 引起某人的注意 I was caught in the rain. 我被雨淋了。 catch (a) cold 伤风； catch fire 着火cause v. 造成，使发生 cause sth. eg. The cat caused this terrible accident. cause sb. sth. eg. The new car caused me a lot of troubles. cause sth. to sb. eg. The new car carsed a lot of troubles to me. cause sb. to do sth. eg. The illness caused him to miss the game. 其他用法：Take care! 当心！chat v. 聊天，闲谈 chat with sb. 和某人聊天cheer v cheer up 使振奋 cheer sb up 使某人高兴check v. 核对，检查 check out 检查，核对，核查chop v. 剁，砍，劈 chop in 插嘴，多嘴clean v. 打扫，清除 clean sth. up 把.收拾干净 check in 登记combine v. 结合，组合 combine with 和.组合come v. 来；来到 come after sb. 追赶或追逐某人 come back 回来 come from = be from 从.哪里来，来自. come by 从.旁边走过 come down (雨、雪等)落下；(价格)下降 eg. The price of petrol is coming down. 汽油价格正在下跌。 come on 加油 come for 为.而来 eg. I am coming for my books which were lent to you last year. 我为了去年借你的那些书而来。(我想要回去年借给你的书) come out 出来；发芽 come through 经历（困难等） come to an end 结束 come up with sb. 赶上，追上communicate v. 交流，沟通 communicate with sb. 与某人交流compare v. 比较 compare A and B = compare A with/ to B 加以比较，两者相比较 eg. If you compare her work with his, you will find hers is much better. compare A to B 把A比作B eg. Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比作死亡。 compare notes (with sb.) 交换意见、观点、看法等complain v. 抱怨 complain to sb. about / at sth. 投诉，抱怨，发牢骚 eg. She often complain to me about her partner.concentrate v. 集中，聚集 concentrate on/ upon 集中精力consider v. 考虑，思考，认为 consider sth. 考虑. consider doing sth. 考虑. eg. I am considering changing my job.我正考虑换个工作。 consider sb./ sth. as 把.当.来对待 eg. We consider him as our friend. consider sb./ sth. to be 把.当作. eg. We consider him to be our best friend. continue v. 使继续，坚持下去 To be continued. 未完，待续。 go on / continue to do sth. 继续做（另一件事） go on / continue doing sth. 继续做（同一件事） go on / continue with sth. 继续copy v. 复制，抄袭 copy sth. from sb. 抄袭某人的. copy sth. down/ out in/ into sth. 把.抄写在.上 eg. The students copied the sums (算术题) down in theirn notebooks. 学生把算术题抄在他们的笔记本上。cover v. 覆盖 be covered with sth. 被覆盖 under the cover of 在的掩护下，以为幌子 cover up 掩盖，掩饰，隐藏 take cover 隐蔽，躲避 criticize v. 批评，批判 criticize sth. eg. He criticized my taking risk. 他批评了我的冒险行为。 criticize sb. for sth. eg. He criticized me for my rudeness. 他因为我的卤莽而批评了我cross v. 穿过，横过，越过 cross over sth. 穿过，穿越 注：(1)与across的区别 (2)与through的区别crowd v. 挤满，充满 be crowded with 充满 eg. The room i
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