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2013年全国高考模拟参考部分山东学生高考英语词汇和语法典型易错题大回放 一、冠词类1.-How many people are still leading_ life under _ poverty line in the world?-Perhaps one fourth, according to the report.the;/ B. a; the C .a; a D./the【解析】B：leading/live a life为固定短语；the poverty line意为贫困线，是特指的内涵。2.Although _curtain has fallen on the 2005 Super Girlscontest, _nationwide craze for Super Girlshas not cooled down.a;the B.the;a C.the;/ D./;a【解析】B _curtain，此处为特指，用定冠词；_nationwide craze，此处为抽象名词具体化，要用不定冠词。3.There has been _rising demand for grain as _industrial material in spite of the nations good harvests.A./;an B.a;an C.the;an D.a;/【解析】B：Demand作为要求和请求时为可数名词；作为需要需求时为不可数名词，在惯用法中既可以说much demand,也可用 great/rising等形容词修饰，此时前面用不定冠词。Material与此类似。4.More and more people in China prefer to choose _ cheap wireless phone service known as _Little Smart.A a; / B.a; the C.the;the D. the; /【解析】A：前者泛指一类人或事物，后者类似于姓名的特定称谓，前面不加冠词。5.Polar bears live mostly on_ sea ice, which they use as _platform for hunting seals.a;a B.a;the C./;a D.the;/ 【解析】C on_ sea ice处是不可数名词，表示泛指，不加冠词；as_platform处表示数量，相当于one。6.Sit on the edge of _bed _minute before putting your feet on the floor./;a B. /the;the C.the;the D.the;a【解析】D 第一个空是说话双方都知道的事物，用定冠词。第二个空是习惯用语。E.g ：Just a minute.7.I had decided to give it up ,but on _second thoughts, I decided to try _third time.A.不填;a B.不填;the C.the; the D.the; a 【解析】A（三思后，晚些时候做出决定）。On second thoughts 是习语，意思是：三思后，晚些时候做出决定。序数词的前面加上不定冠词，表示再一，又一。 A third time 表示再一次，又一次。8._person like him wont be satisfied with _little progess that he has made.The; a B.The ;/ C.A; / D.A; the【解析】D 第一个空是泛指，用不定冠词；第二个空是特指，用定冠词。二、名词类9.I think it is a top priority for the government to furnish the children with _to the information superhighway.A. procedure B. allowance C. means D. access【解析】D：procedure意为程序，步骤； allowance以为津贴；补助；给孩子的零花钱。Make allowances for 考虑到（而原谅）；念及 means 作为名词，意为手段，常见搭配：by means of D.access:1) Ca means of entering; way in; entrance进入；通路，The only access to their house is along a narrow road. 2) Umeans or right of using, reaching, or entering 使用、接近或进入的方法或权利。本句为用法2）。10.I try to make him understand that Im not interested in him, but he never gets the _.information B. news C. message D. word【解析】C get the message=understand what is wanted or meant11.Our psychology professor is a man of Italian_.beginning B.source C.origin D.kind 【解析】C： beginning开端 ；source水等的源头 C.origin 意为：parents and conditions of early life出身；血统 。kind 为种类12.Some students remember much knowledge but cant recognize ways to use it in new_.A.conditions B. cases C. backgrounds D .situations 【解析】D Condition与in 连用时有两种义项：1）Uthe state of general health, fitness, or readiness for use健康状况；适用情况，如：This car is in very good condition.2) Pstate of affairs; circumstances情况；状况。如：firemen having to operate in very difficult conditions. 须在极困难情况下工作的消防队员。Under existing conditions在现有的情况下Case与in 搭配时，主要有两个义项：1）an example of a particular situation, problem etc事例，实例，如：In some cases, it is necessary to operate.在有些情况下，动手术是必要的。It was a case of stupidity, not dishonesty.那是愚蠢，而不是不诚实。2）（通常用单数）circumstances or special conditions relating to a person or thing.与某人或某事物有关的环境或特殊情况。：I cannot make an exception in your case.我不能为你破例。C项意思为背景；D项situations=set of circumstances of state of affairs , esp at a certain time意思是状况，处境，局面形势。如：The company is in a poor financial situation. eg is losing money. 请体会：1） Your question brings a case about how to learn English well. 2）In your situation, I would say that reading a lot is one of the best ways to learn a foreign language under the condition that you are not living in an English speaking country.13. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _ newspaper, with _ in her eyes.A. a, tearB. a piece of, tearsC. a, tearsD. a piece of, tear【解析】C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎言。A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。顺便说一句，若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它当成一种纸来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。14. Her father works as a _ in a hotel and her mother a _ in a private company. A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter【解析】正确答案为B：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题。15. Why couldnt they meet us at five oclock? Because they were delayed by _.A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics【解析】A 对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说交通拥挤，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic，要表示汉语的交通拥挤，英语通常说heavy traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A： 16.She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in _.A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics17. In fact, _ one cause that leads to the problem. A. cattle is B. cattle are C. cattles areD. the cattles are【解析】B,但此题容易误选A，想当然地认为cattle是单数，并且空格有表单数的one，自然谓语动词用is。cattle(牲畜，牛)为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s，却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。类似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如：The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。It annoys me when people forget to say thank you. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。18. By all _, you must try every _ to help him.A. mean, mean B. means, means C. means, mean D. mean, means【解析】此题正确答案为B，但容易误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示方式、方法时，不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词，表示意思是；也可用作名词，表示中间、中庸)，by all means为习语，意为一定、尽一切办法。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：Is Are there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗? 19. Jim is _ person, and everyone is willing to be _ with him.A. so kind a, friends B. so a kind, friends C. so kind a, friendD. so a kind, friend【解析】此题最佳答案为A，但容易误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。so kind a person相当于such a kind person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语，意为与友好、跟做朋友，与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。 20. We already have _ pencils, but we need two _ pens.A. dozen of, dozen B. dozens of, dozens C. dozens of, dozenD. dozens of, dozen of【解析】此题最佳答案为C。但容易误选 B。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：(1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of为错误选项：Shortly after the accident, _ police were sent to the spot to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen (2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词 of，此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：Ive been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。Shes got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。 (3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词 of不能省略。如：several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔注：英语较少使用many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。(4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如：two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的3打注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。21. She raised her finger to her lips as _ for silence. A. an idea B. a mark C. a sign D. a word【解析】应选C。但容易误选B。sign与mark的区别是：sign 的意思是迹象、征兆gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C： (1) Those black clouds are a sure _ that its going to rain. A. thing B. mark C. sign D. one(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a _ of good harvest next year. A. mark B. track C. sign D. appearance但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol(象征)：The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。22. May I take your order now? Wed like three black _ and two green _.A. coffee, cups of teas B. coffees, teas C. cups of coffee, tea D. cup of coffees, teas【解析】选B，但容易误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。有的同学认为 coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示咖啡这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示一杯咖啡，即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样，三杯茶既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；三杯啤酒既可说成 three glasses of beer，也可说成 three beers。23. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. Walk B. Walking C. The walk D. To walk【解析】最佳答案为B。但容易误选A或D。 (1) 首先，选项D不如选项B佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。(2) 尽管walk用作名词时可以表示散步，但它是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的散步，要表示此义，要用动名词 walking。比较：How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?Walking does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。类似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样：(1) 名词的 dance表示跳舞，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的跳舞，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比较：Lets have a dance. 我们跳曲舞吧。He is interested in dancing. 他对跳舞感兴趣。(2) 名词的 swim表示游泳，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的游泳，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 swimming。比较：She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳。She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。24. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a few white hairs B. a little white hair C. some white hairD. more fifty hair【解析】选A。hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 Theres a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。25.-Hi, this way, please.-OK.I sometimes have no sense of _ when I arrive at the crossroad.A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition【解析】选B。需根据句意来分析。have no sense of direction 意为没有方向感。26. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _. A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire 【解析】选B。需根据句意来分析。attempt 在此表示尝试。27. I didnt have to work all weekend - I did it by _. A. chance B. choice C. accident D. myself【解析】选B，由于上文说 didnt have to work，所以下文相应的语境应是 did it by choice。类似地，下面一题应选D，也是因为choice与下文的have to do it 相呼应：28. Did you get _ to the party? Yes, I replied to it this morning. A. an answer B. an invitation C. a question D. a letter【解析】选 B。注意其后的 to the party 和 replied to it。29. I paid him 50 for the painting, but its true _ must be at least 500. A. price B. money C. value D. importance【解析】 选C。value 指价值。30. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any _ of it.A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess【解析】选C。make sense of 意为明白、理解。比较：make sense 意为有意义、意思清楚、有道理。31. Youve just missed your _, and you will have to wait for the next round.A. chance B. turn C. time D. part 【解析】选B。miss ones turn 电为错过机会，注意下文的 have to wait for the next round 所表示的语境。32. -Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.-Its no _ he always gets the first place in any examination.A. question B. doubt C. problem D. wonder【解析】选D。its no wonder (+that从句)的意思是难怪，也可说成 No wonder (+that从句)。33. -How can I use this washing machine?-Well, just refer to the _.A. explanations B. expressions C. introductions D. directions【解析】选D。directions 的意思是使用说明，空格前的 refer to 意为查看、参考。34. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number B. room number C. rooms numbersD. room numbers【解析】选D。room 为无生命名词，不用 rooms 这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词作定语。类似地，35. -Hello, Id like to speak to Henry. -Oh, which _? There are two _ in our office.A. Henrys, Henrys B. Henries, Henries C. Henry, Henrys D. Henrys, Henries【解析】 选C。在通常情况下，专有名词具有独一无二性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说：We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。另外一点值得注意的是，与一般的名词单数变复数不同，以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词，其直接加词尾-s，而不将y改为i。36. Electricity, like other forms of _, has greatly increased in price in recent years. A. pressure B. force C. strength D. energy 【解析】选D。从常识来考虑，electricity 属于 energy，结合全句的语境，只有D最合适。同样地，37. In order to learn the _ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.A. ins and outs B. dos and donts C. heads and tails D. ts and is【解析】选A。ins and outs 意为细节，dos and donts 意为注意事项，heads or tails 为掷钱币打赌时用语，意为你赌正面还是赌反面，ps and qs主要用于 mind ones ps and qs，意为留意自己的言行。结合句意，选A最合适。38. -Ive got an A in the examination. -Thats a good _. You will surely win a second.A. result B. news C. start D. idea 【解析】选C。从语法上看，news 不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D不可选，因为选D意思不通；比较A和C，选C最合适，因为 start与下文的 a second 相吻合。三、代词类39.-Go and get Lily to write for the wall newspaper.-Why _?couldnt I do better?A. I B. her C. she D. me 【解析】B.，口语中往往用宾格来代替主格，例如-Tom, go and get me some water.-Why me , Lucy is free now.【解析】：人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如： I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语） A. - Who broke the vase?-谁打碎了花瓶？ B. - Me.-我。（me作主语补语= Its me.） 在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。40.Mom promised to buy me a nice gift for my bithday,_beyond my imagination.which B.that C.something D.the one【解析】C。逗号后面的部分不是句子，不能用AB两项。此处是泛指，不能用the one。本句子的意思是：某样我想象不到的礼物。41.-Which of the electronic dictionaries do you like most?-_.They are both expensive and of little use.A None B.Either C.Neither D.Any【解析】A：本题的干扰点在于短语both and，而both此处并非指两本电子词典，而是这些词典的的属性。题眼是do you like most，说明所比较的事物为三个或三个以上，从既昂贵又无用来看，说话人三个以上事物中哪个也不喜欢，故选A。42.Thank you for giving up your coffee break to help.I know you always need_after three classes.A that B. one C. it D. this 【解析】B。表示泛指.用one来替代可数名词的单数。Eg. Do you have a pen? -Yes .I have a red one. 而it用来替代同一事物。one来替代同一类事物。42.To save class time, our teacher has _students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for homework.A us B.we C.our D.ours【解析】A.空格上要填的词作students的同位语，两者都是has的宾语，要用宾格。四、形容词类43.Internet is a great tool if we know how to use it ,but it shouldnt be a replacement for _life.A oringinal B.real C.natural D.actual 【解析】B。Real 的意思是existing in fact , not imagined or supposed .real life是现实生活的意思。44.Im very pleased with the results of my blood test, for all tested items show _ reactions.A negative B. good C. positive D. correct 【解析】A：本题极易将人引入习惯思维的陷阱。既然主语心情为pleased，应该体检项目的结果为阴性，negative除表否定，消极之意外，还有表阴性之意。而如果仅看positive 的字面含义积极的、肯定的而忽略整个语境的意义从而选C项的话， 实际就成为检查结果呈阳性，证明主语有病，前后就自相矛盾了。45.The school is trying its best to make more accommodation _for increasing studens.A available B.approachable C.affordable D.accessible【解析】A Approachable意思是可以接近的；可以进入的。Affordable的意思是出得起金钱或时间的；accessible的意思是有权利使用或能够使用的。Available的意思是：(of objects)that can be obtained. e.g The book you ordered is not available.46. This kind of foods which are already prepared for cooking are_ in supermarket.A ready B. probable C. available D approachable【解析】C：A项易排除；probable 意为极有可能的； available=that can be gotten, seen or used.可得到使用等；approachable=able to be reached 可接近的。本句意为：已准备好可烹饪的食品在超市上可以买得到。47.-How is she getting along with her workmates?-Quite well. She is very_ to other peoples feelings.A Active B.simple C.sensible D.sensitive 【解析】D Sensible：reasonable and practical; having or showing good sense 明智的；有见识的 sensitive ：（1）quick to show or feel the effect of something对敏感;感觉灵敏的 ，如sensitive to cold/pain(2)showing delicate feelings or sympathetic understanding 感情或判断细腻的；同情理解的。本句意为：她与工友相处和谐，因为她体谅别人的感受。48. A healthy life is frequently thought to be_ with the open countryside and homegrown food.A associated B. bound C. related D. tied【解析】A be associated with be bound up with be related to be tied up with 均表示和-有联系的意思。49.-Did you remember to pay the telephone bill?-The telephone bill? _.A. That isnt due yet. B. Are you sure C. My telephone is out of order D. Please remember the amount 【解析】A：本题考查due一词多义，作为形容词：1）作表语，常用due to somebody应给予，应支付；应得到常用be due for something.2）作表语，意思为应立即支付；到期。本句的意思是：我的电话费还不到交的时候呢！50._medical examination will help us find our health problems as early as possible.A Regular B. Normal C. Common D. Ordinary【解析】A Regular 意思是coming, happening, or dong again and again at even intervals（定期的有规律的）51.This lecture is by no means the most boring. Ive attended_.A better B.worse C.the best D.the worst【解析】B ：根据句意：这个演讲绝不是最乏味的，我还看过比此更糟糕的。后句应为；Ive attended a worse one than it.五、副词类52.David arrived at the meeting_at ten oclock,as it was scheduled,not a minute early or late.A flexibly B.temporarily C.approximately D.punctually【解析】D本题考查副词。根据not a minute early or late.可以推出是：按时。准时。Flexibly：灵活的 B.temporarily：暂时地；临时的 C.approximately;大约地53.-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?-Sorry to say I didnt. It was _a meeting than a party.A. more of B. rather like C. less of D. more or less 【解析】：more of脱胎于not much of:算不上。例如He isnt much of a speaker.他不是一个很健谈的人。本举的意思是：与其说这是个聚会，还不如说这是个会议。rather like与more无法呼应。54.As I will be away for at least a year. Id appreciate hearing from you telling me _how everyone is getting along.A.By and by B. more or less C. now and then D. at the same time 【解析】：by and by意为before long即不久以后；more or less意为或多或少表数量 now and then意为from time to time时而，表频度，此处修饰telling 发生的频率，故选C； at the same time意为in the meanwhile同时；然而 55. Mr. Lins comments were very difficult to follow because they were _related to the topic under discussion.A.specifically B. precisely C.loosely D.typically【解析】specifically意为专门地；明确地 ； B. precisely精确地 C.loosely，不精确地，不严密地。 D.typically典型地，具有代表性地。本句的意思是：林先生的评论不好明白，
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