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Period TwoLearning about Language构词法在英语中，构词法主要有三种：合成，转化和派生。一、合成(compounding)由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符号“”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。常见的合成词由以下几种方式合成：1合成名词构成方式例词名词名词 salesgirl女售货员 chairman主席名词动词 daybreak黎明 sunset日落名词动名词 handwriting书法名词及物动词er/or painkiller止痛药 bookseller书商名词介词名词 editorinchief总编辑 fatherinlaw岳父；公公动词名词 typewriter打字机代词名词 shetiger母老虎动名词名词 swimming pool游泳池现在分词名词 flying fish飞鱼形容词名词 greenhouse温室副词动词 outbreak爆发 outcome后果 output出口副词名词 outside外面2合成形容词名词形容词 snowwhite雪白的名词现在分词 Chinesespeaking讲汉语的 maneating吃人的名词to名词 doortodoor挨家挨户的 facetoface面对面的名词过去分词 snowcovered被雪覆盖的数词名词 oneway单行的 fivestar五星级的数词名词ed threelegged三条腿的 10storeyed/10storied十层(楼)的数词名词单数形容词 twoyearold两岁的动词副词 seethrough透明的形容词名词 superman超人形容词名词ed kindhearted善良的；仁慈的形容词形容词 light blue浅蓝色的 dark blue深蓝色的形容词现在分词 ordinarylooking相貌平平的副词形容词 evergreen常青的 easygoing易相处的副词现在分词 hardworking勤劳的副词过去分词 wellknown著名的副词名词 fast food 专门提供快餐服务的介词名词 downtown城市商业区的3合成动词名词动词 sleepwalk梦游形容词动词 whitewash石灰水，白涂料副词动词 overburden使负担过重 overcome克服4合成副词形容词名词 hotfoot匆忙地 anyway无论如何形容词副词 anywhere无论何处 anyhow无论如何副词副词 however尽管如此介词名词 overhead在头顶上介词副词 forever永远5合成代词代词宾格self/selves himself/themselves形容词性物主代词self/selves myself/ourselves形容词名词 nothing没有东西6合成介词副词名词 outside在外面介词副词 without没有 within在之内副词介词 into进入二、转化(conversion)将一个单词由某种词类转化为另一词类或几种词类，这种构词法叫转化。单词转化后的意义往往与未转化前的意义有密切的联系。1名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话打电话drink喝饮料watch手表观看，注视rain雨下雨另外，还有book，date，hand，fish，milk，name，nurse，ship，swim，water等。2形容词转化为动词slow慢减速better较好的改善close紧密的关闭perfect完美的使完善3名词转化为形容词/副词downtown市中心，城镇商业中心位于闹市区的(adj.)；向(在)城镇商业中心区(adv.)4形容词转化为名词chief主要的首领 light轻的光线5动词转化为名词take a walk散步have a try试试cover n盖子，封面；v.覆盖6其他词类转化为名词Medicine is a must for the flooded area.必需品His life is full of ups_and_downs.曲折，波折三、派生(derivation)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。1前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词性，而不引起词义的变化。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis，il，im，in，ir，mis，non，un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失cover盖uncover揭去覆盖物/discover揭露correct正确的incorrect不正确的proper恰当的improper不恰当的lead带领mislead领错understand 理解misunderstand误解(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a(多构成表语形容词)，anti(反对；抵抗)，auto(自动)，co(共同)，en(使)，inter(互相)，re(再；又)，sub(下面的；次；小)，tele(强调距离)等。alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表 cooperate合作enlarge扩大 international国际的rewrite改写，重写 subway地铁television电视 multicultural多文化的2后缀ableaccept接受acceptable可接受的al arrive到达 arrival到达er swim游泳 swimmer游泳者or act表演 actor(男)演员ress act表演 actress(女)演员ist chemistry化学 chemist化学家 art艺术 artist艺术家ian Russia俄国，俄罗斯 Russian俄国人，俄罗斯人ism capital资本 capitalism资本主义 ideal理想 idealism理想主义ment move运动，移动 movement运动ness happy高兴的 happiness高兴tion/ act行动 action动作ation pronounce发音 pronunciation发音ship scholar学者 scholarship学者身份；奖学金ce important重要的 importance重要性.单词拼写1Our team won the championship in the basketball tournaments (联赛)2The garden city attracts many tourists.3The school athletic meeting is to be held next Tuesday.4We soon saw the impossibility (不可能)of reaching the city before midnight.5They were the earliest settlers (定居者)in America.6The town was destroyed by the earthquake (地震)7Youd better spend your time on some worthwhile (值得的)reading.8They prepared (准备)themselves for the worst.9His room was in disorder (混乱)10You mustnt overwork (工作过度)yourself.用括号中单词的适当形式填空1They have succeeded in sending the satellite into space.(success)2The adventurer(冒险者)gave a friendly smile to all those who came to greet him.(friend)3You must do the exercises carefully.(care)4It will be difficult to drive a motor car through such a storm.(difficulty)5English is widely used in the world.(wide)6The boy showed great bravery in fighting the enemy.(brave)7He was so kind that he gave me many storybooks.(kindness)8The book had been sold out when I got to the bookstore.(sale)9The Frenchman went to a chemist shop to get some medicine for his cough.(chemical)10The book is very interesting.I am interested in it.(interest).完成句子1Two_Englishmen_and_three_Germans (两个英国人和三个德国人)attended the meeting.2In Britain letter_boxes (信箱)are all painted red.3He found a lot of passersby (过路人)were grownups (成年人)4She is the only one among women_writers (女作家中)who writes (写)stories for children.5My sister has two toothbrushes (牙刷)6We have two iron_works (铁厂)in our town and a new chemical_works (化工厂)is to open soon.7She broke a wine_glass (酒杯)while washing up.8Twoninths ()of the students in our class are from the north.9I have to write a twothousandword_composition (2 000字的作文)every other week.10The man is the only survivor (幸存者)of the car accident.根据构词法，猜测下列各题中划线单词的最佳含义1He has invented a sunpowered car which is very friendly to the environment.A以太阳能为动力的 B白天开的C明亮的 D像太阳的答案A2I have rented a house in the city center，and my landlady is very kind to me.A姑娘 B妻子 C女上司 D女房东答案D3She is a very shortsighted girl and she cant consider the interest of the future at all.A近视眼的 B目光短浅的 C睫毛短的 D小眼睛的答案B4This dictionary is of great use.I think spending five yuan on it is very costeffective.A明智的 B聪明的 C划算的 D合理的答案C5Dont do it until the last moment.You should do it beforehand.A以前 B用左手 C用右手 D事先答案D6Perhaps she cant be admitted into a medical university because she is colorblind.A色盲的 B瞎的 C色弱的 D成绩差的答案A7If you are still having a headache，take this_painkiller.A杀虫剂 B止痛药 C安眠药 D晕车药答案B8As we all know，most glass is usually seethrough.A看得见的 B明亮的 C光明的 D透明的答案D9This is an evergreen tree.I like it very much.A绿的 B曾经绿的 C常青的 D漂亮的答案C10You are absentminded again.Please listen to the teacher carefully.A心不在焉的 B缺席的 C空虚的 D昏昏欲睡的答案A.单项填空1The early _ of Australia lived on the east coast of the continent.Asettlers Bperformers Ctranslators Ddivers答案A解析考查名词词义辨析。句意为：澳大利亚的早期移民定居在大陆的东海岸。settler移民者，符合题意。performer表演者；translator翻译者；diver潜水者。2I havent heard from Sam for a long time.Have you seen him _？Alatest Blately Clater Dlatter答案B解析考查词义辨析。latest adj.最新的；lately adv.最近；later adv.以后；latter n后者。从问句中的现在完成时看出只能用时间副词lately，因为它常用于现在完成时。3_，Tom met his girlfriend and talked about _ problems.AEveryday；everyday BEvery day；every dayCEveryday；every day DEvery day；everyday答案D解析考查近义词辨析。every day每天，作状语；everyday adj.日常的，作定语。两个空结合起来，只有D项符合。4Word came _ Chinas first spacewalk was a great success.Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhen答案A解析考查同位语从句。句意为：有消息传来，中国首次太空行走是一个极大的成功。that引导同位语从句，在从句中不担当成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略。5I got a lot of _ from looking at these pictures in the museum.Asatisfaction Bsatisfy Csatisfying Dsatisfied答案A解析考查词性。A项是名词；B项是动词；C、D两项是形容词。a lot of修饰名词，只能选A项。6You must put your heart into your studies.Dont be _ in class.Aabsentmind Babsentminding Cabsentminded Dabsenceminded答案C解析考查“形容词名词ed”构成的合成形容词，如nobleminded高尚的，goodtempered脾气好的，故选C项，意思是“心不在焉的”。7The employees havent been paid _ since the new manager took over this company last month.Aregularly Bnormally Cabsolutely Dordinarily答案A解析句意为：自从上个月新经理接管了这个公司，雇员们就没按时被付薪。regularly有规律地；normally正常地；absolutely绝对地；ordinarily普通地。8Mr.Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.Aseriously Bheavily Cbadly Dhardly答案B解析句意为：史密斯先生以前吸烟很猛(大量吸烟)，但是现在他戒烟了。heavily重地，沉闷地，(吸烟、喝酒等)猛烈地，大量地；seriously严肃地，认真地，严重地；badly糟糕地，差劲地；hardly几乎不。根据词义选B。9Every new type of plane must be given a(n) _ before it is put into use.Aexamination Btest Ccheck Dexperiment答案B解析examination(知识、能力的)考试，检查，审查；check核对、检查(看是否正确)；experiment实验、试验；test检验，测试(看其是否达到要求等)。句意为：每种新型飞机在投入使用之前都必须经过各种测试(看其各部件的安全性及性能等是否达到要求)。这种测试用test。10He bought a lot of _ yesterday for his childrens new _.Acloth；clothes Bcloths；clothesCclothes；clothing Dclothes；cloth答案A解析句意为：他昨天买了许多布，给他的孩子们做新衣服。布料cloth，不可数。clothes衣服。.阅读理解Everglades National Park is the most endangered national park in America.The purpose of making a national park is to protect the plants and animals that live there.But things that happen outside the park also affect the life within it.Everglades National Park is part of a much larger area known as the Everglades.At one time，water flowed freely in the Everglades.During the rainy season，water would fill the Kissimmee River.Then it flowed into Lake Okeechobee.Once the lake became full，water spilled over onto the flatland.From there a shallow sheet of water moved slowly down the Florida Peninsula.Then it emptied into Florida Bay.This shallow sheet of water was the Everglades River.It was only a few inches deep in some spots.But it was up to 50 miles wide and over 100 miles long.The Everglades is home to many plants and animals found nowhere else in the world.Today，some of these plants and animals are in danger of disappearing forever.The main reason is that the Everglades is no longer a freeflowing river.Canals have been built to drain(排干) most of the shallow river.People have also built a dam to hold back water from Lake Okeechobee.Most of the water from the Everglades is trapped in manmade lakes.Cutting off the flow of water into Everglades National Park has done more harm than good.Now it threatens the wildlife in the park.Water pollution is another reason why some plants and animals are disappearing.Years ago，large areas of the Everglades were drained and turned into farmland.Today the fertilizers(肥料) used on crops are polluting the water.The “river_of_grass” is slowly disappearing.Many kinds of plants are disappearing.Animals that depend on these plants for food no longer have anything to eat.The problems facing Everglades National Park are very serious.But there is still hope.Work is already under way to save the Everglades.The federal government，the state of Florida，and several other groups are all working together to try to undo the damage.1What is the best title for the passage?AA Park in Danger BRare Plants and AnimalsCFollowing the River DCanals，Dams and Lakes答案A解析标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了濒危的大沼泽国家公园，文章第一句便点明了主题。2What is the main problem in the Everglades?AThe rainy season is too short.BThere are too many plants and animals.CWater is no longer allowed to flow freely.DWater spills out of Lake Okeechobee.答案C解析细节理解题。由第四段中的“The main reason is that the Everglades is no longer a freeflowing river.”可知选C项。3The underlined part “river of grass” refers to _.Athe Kissimmee River Bthe EvergladesCLake Okeechobee DFlorida Bay答案B解析细节判断题。上文提到几年前大沼泽的大部分地区被排干，变成了农田。如今，庄稼使用的肥料正在污染河流，“river of grass”正在慢慢消失。由此可以判断，river of grass(青草的河流)指的是the Everglades。4Whats the authors attitude towards Everglades National Park?APleased and optimistic. BAnxious and desperate.CCurious but confused. DWorried but hopeful.答案D解析作者态度题。由文章最后一段可知，大沼泽国家公园的问题很严重，但是仍然有希望，拯救大沼泽的工作已经开始。由此可以判断作者的态度：担忧，但是仍充满希望。.阅读填空There is one thing that everyone wants more than anything else._1_They think that when they have enough money to buy such things as houses, farms, and cars, they will have the one thing that everyone wants.Other people believe that if they know enough they will find this thing._2_Still others think that if they have power, they will find this thing.Some people keep telling themselves: “When I am a boss, I will no longer have to search for this thing.”What is it that everyone wants more than anything else? What is it that all of us keep working and striving for(奋斗)each day? _3_Happiness is a strange thing._4_ What will make one man happy may not make another man happy.Some men say that happiness comes from helping others; other men say that happiness comes from making life more pleasant for everyone.What do you mean when you say “That makes me happy.”？_5_ Perhaps you will learn something that will bring you peace of mind, comfort, money or it may be what you search forhappiness.AHappiness means the same to everyone.BRead what different people have said about happiness.CThey study all their life in search of it.DWhen one man feels happy, another man will feel sad.ESome people try to get it by making money.FIt does not mean the same to all men.GIt is happiness.答案1.E2.C3.G4.F5.B
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