初中英语语法之形容词副词.docx

形容词和副词一、形容词形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：1)、作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)后置的情况：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)2) 、多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone二、副词1、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。2、副词的分类（见下表）：1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, why3、 副词在句子中的位置以及作用：（1）作状语1.时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)2.地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)3.方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)4.程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)5.频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次)6.疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！)7.连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)8.关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)9.其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。) (2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)(3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注意 “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)=形容词变副词的规律a. 一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefullyb. 以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-trulyc. 辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrilyd. 单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shylye. 以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terriblyf. 形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。这部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成“几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little, never, seldom, hardly）之一。三、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +. 如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+.如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didnt cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of . 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)5、关于比较等级的重要注释：1、如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)3、“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)/He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)6、“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)7、“Which / Who+动词+形/副,or?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如： -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢)/ -Which do you like best? All of them!(你最喜欢哪个？全部。)【2013北京】1. Debbie is growing fast. She is even_ than her mother. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest【2013北京】2._do you go to the cinema? Once a month. A.How long B. How far C. How often D. How much【2013成都】3. David is _ student in our class. Nobody is taller than him. A.tall B. taller C. the tallest【2013达州】4. Peter is _ than you, right? Yes, but he runs_ in our class. A. heavier, fastest B. heavy, the fastest C. heavier, faster D. heavy, faster【2013遂宁】5Everyone was when they heard the news. Aexciting，exciting Bexcited，exciting Cexcitingexcited【2013营口】6. What do you think of the price of gold in the world? Nowadays it is getting much than before. A. lowB. lowerC. lowestD. the lowest【2013营口】7. Its very important for everyone to exercise. do you exercise? Three or four times a week. A. How longB. How farC. How soonD. How often【2013衡阳】8. The days last too long. We hate them. A.fog B.foggy C.fogy【2013泰安】9.How are you today ,Mike? Im now. I dont think this medicine is good for me. A. badly B. better C. well D. worse【2013淄博】10. Why does Tina look so_ today? Shes won the first prize in the English contest. A. happier B. happy C. happiest D. happily【2013安顺】11.He often drinks two cups of water when he comes back. A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.boils【2013莆田】12The Internet is reallyto usWe can easily find information on it Aboring Buseful Cinteresting【2013十堰】13. Many boy students think math is _ English. I agree. Im weak in English.中#国*教育%&出版网 A. much difficult thanB. so difficult as C. less difficult thanD. more difficult than 【2013日照】14. People who eat breakfast are always in _ spirits than those who dont.XK A. good B. nice C. better D. best【2013日照】15. Mary is so _ she comes to you whenever youre in trouble. 来源:学|科|网 A. usefulB. carefulC. thankfulD. helpful【2013南京】16. Lindas father hates waiting in long lines. I think hes just not very _.A. patient B. talented C. popular D. powerful【2013南京】17. Im surprised that John is only 25. I thought he was _ , for he seems to be in his thirties.A. old B. older C. young D. younger【2013漳州】18. The sun is shining . Youd better wear sunglasses while you are out. A. brightly B. lightly C. heavily【2013漳州】19. Do you know Lin Shuhao? Yes. He is one of basketball players in the NBA. A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular【2013山西】20. Jack, I have to have a talk with your father today. Sorry, Mrs King. He is going on business and wont be _ until next week. A. out B. awayC. back 【2013临沂】21. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should go to an open area as as possible. A. quicklyB. quietlyC. loudlyD. slowly【2013无锡】22. Look at the bird over there! Its so beautiful! Wow! Its a rare crane(丹顶鹤). It appears in this area. A. alwaysB. usuallyC. seldomD. often【2013苏州23. Peter speaks Chinese well indeed, but of course not _ a local speaker in China. A. so fluently as B. more fluent than C. as fluent as D. much fluently than【2013临沂】24. David was so excited at the good news that he could say a word. A. nearly B. hard C. everD. hardly【201杭州】25. There has never been such a beautiful village _ in the world. A. anywhere B. everywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere【2013绥化】26. How do you like the talk show? I think its _, but some people think its so_. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring【2013黄冈】27. The boy did his homework with the help of his father in the past. But now he can do it alone. A. for himself B. on himself C. by himself D. with himself【2013黄冈】28. After nine years hard-work, finally his dream came true. A. at the end B. at the moment C. at once D. at last【2013济宁】29. She looks much_without her glasses!A. wellB. good C. bestD.better【2013呼和浩特】30. I know you are shorter than your brothers，but you run _. B. more faster B. fastest C. more fast D. fast 【2013无锡】31. We arrived at the station too early and had to go, so we sat there and chatted with each other. A. somewhereB. anywhereC. everywhereD. nowhere【2013淮安】32. My uncle doesnt like fast food, so he _ eats it. A. always B. often C. sometimes D. seldom【2013河北】33.We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so_ . A. quick B. quickly C. useful D. usefully【2013河北】34. Im sorry Im late. I should get here 10 minutes_. A. early B. earlier C. the earlier D. the earliest【2013玉林】35. Lots of students feel sleepy in class at present, because they have to get up early in the morning. A. now B. in the future C. then D. during the time【2013宁波】36. Could you please speak a little more _? I cant follow you. A. quietly B. quickly C. loudly D. slowly【2013丽水】37. I met Lucy in the primary school and we have been close friends _. A. as usual B. again and again C. sooner or later D. ever since【2013安徽】38. Our school bus will leave at 8 oclock tomorrow. Dont be late. OK. I will be there ten minutes _. A. sooner B. slower C. faster D. earlier 【2013德州】39. I carried the bowl with both hands_, so that I wouldnt break it. A. carefully B. happily C. quickly D. carelessly 【2013德州】40._, the Internet was only used by the government. But now its widely used in every field. A. As usual B. At first C. After all D. So far【2013菏泽】41.How often do you chat with your friends online? _ Im busy with my study. A. Only one month. B. About twice a month. C. Almost every day. D. Maybe in two weeks.【2013青岛】42. It is _ that Mr. Guo sailed across the world by himself _ within about 130 days A. terrified, successful B. scary, successfully C. amazing, successfully D. convincing, successful【2013福州】43. Dad. Would you please drive _? No hurry. We have enough time before the plane takes off. A. faster B. more slowly C. more carefully【2013菏泽】44. The World Health Organization has given some advice on _to protect us from being infected(感染) with H7N9. A. how B. what C. where D. when【2013襄阳】45. Who ran of all in the sports meeting? Hector did, I think. A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. more fast【2013襄阳】46. Excuse me, would you please speak a little more? Sorry, I thought you could follow me. A. sadly B. quicklyC. slowly D. politely【2013泉州】47. What should we do to reduce food waste? In a restaurant only order as_ as we need and try to eat it up. A. much B. more C. most 【2013贺州】 48. This movie wasnt _. He fell asleep half way through it. A. interesting enough B. enough interesting C. interested enough D. enough interested【2013贺州】 49. Dont talk _. Your grandmother is sleeping now. A. loud B. hardly C. loudly D. hard【2013徐州】50. I _ watch this TV programme. Its very interesting. A. often B. never C. hardly D. seldom【2013天津】51. Be quick! The game will begin _. A. immediately B. recently C. carefully D. Luckily【2013莱芜】52. Speak aloud, please! I can _ hear you. A. usually B. almost C. hardly D. nearly【2013哈尔滨】 53. The city of Harbin is beautiful all the year around, _ in winter. Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists. A. especially B. generally C. probably【2013玉林】54. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you dont need at all. So you have to be careful. A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times【2013玉林】55. The meat is _ delicious. Yes, but dont eat _. A. too much; too much B. much too; too much C. too much; much too D. much too; much too【2013玉林】56. Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as【2013玉林】57. Sally, I went to the concert last night. How big the symphony hall is! 一So it is. It is _ to hold more than one thousand people. A. big enough B. enough big C. too big D. too small【2013白银】58. Are you the last one to go to school today? _not. Im always the first one. A. Certainly B. usually C. Generally D Finally【2013梅州】59. The dining hall is _ to hold 300 people. A. enough big B. enough well C. small enough D. big enough 【2013菏泽】60. Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone? No. I _do that because it makes me uncomfortable. A. seldom B. often C. usually D. Sometimes【2013德州】61. There are no words to describe_ I miss my hometown. A. how much B. how many C. how soon D. how long 【2013温州】62. The girls are talking about the art festival . Yes. They have so many fun things to share. A. easilyB. angrilyC. sadlyD. happily【2013南充】63. I dont think fast food is good for our health, so I _ eat it. A. usually B. hardlyC. always 【2013泸州】64. What is it that has made him _ excited? A. so B. very C. too D. quite【2013泸州】65. No one can sing _ than her. A. well B. good C. better D. best【2013 上海】66. The volunteer spoke as _ as she could to make the visitors understand her. A. clearly B. more clearly C. most clearly D. the most clearly【2013 上海】67. My old neighbor Charles felt _ after his children moved out. A. lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily【2013江西】68. Ted was hard-working. His success made him work_. A. harder B. hardest C. more quickly D. most quickly【2013江西】69. She always does very well in the English exams. But she can _understand English radio programs. A. always B. hardly C. already D. easily【2013 黄冈】70. How far is Yuhua Middle School from here? Its around five minutes walk. A. about B. over C. more than D. less than【2013南宁】71. We held a concert in the hall yesterday, Kate sang among the singers. A. good B. well C. better D. best【2013连云港】72. _ after the explosion happened in a factory in Dehui, Ji