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Unit 1一、 单词及短语1. aloud / loud/ loudly2. practice (do)sth. 练习做某事 3. some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】：分开是一段， 合起是某时； 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时4. too +形容词或副词+ to do sth. 太.而不能去做某事5. voice/noise /sound6. 介词to的运用：成功的秘诀 _7. be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事和 be afraid of sth. 害怕某物8. fallinlovewith 爱上；喜欢上9. create /invent/findout/discover10. 关于“说”的动词(1) 说某种语言 speak English 说英语,(2) 与某人交谈 talk with sb. talk to sb. (3) 强调说话内容 say it in English 用英语说(4) 告诉某人 tell sb. to do sth 11. succeed v 成功，达到 success n 成功 successful adj 成功的 successfully adv成功地succeed in doing sth12. pay attention to 对注意13. the best way to do sth= the best way of doing sth 做某事最好的方法14.try v 试图，设法，努力 Try + v-ing 试着做某事 Try+ to- v 尽力做某事Tyr ones best尽某人最大的努力15.Its + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth二、句型1. 提建议的方法(1)What about sth ?=How about sth? .怎么样？(2)Why dont you sth? 为什么不呢？(3)Lets 让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做好吗？(5)Youd better (not)do sth 最好做/不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？(7)would you like to do sth.你想去做某事吗？(8)Would you mind (doing)sth？你介意做某事吗？2. 回答(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用：Good idea./ Thats good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ Id love to 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法 No problem 没问题 Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以 Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：I dont think so 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant 对不起，我不能 Id love to, but Im afraid我愿意,但恐怕3. find+宾语+adj.+to do sth. Wang Dan found it easy to learn English.4. The _比较级_, the_比较级_.三、语法介词by的用法 1. by+动词-ing形式表示方式、方法by表示通过；凭，后面接动词-ing形式，该结构表示通过做某事得到某种结果。此结构常用来回答How do you?或How can I 这类句型。e.g. -How can I turn off the light? By turning this button. I learn Chinese by listening to tapes.【by的其他用法】1表示旅行、运输等的路线、工具或方法：“由，经，乘通过”。如：Every day he went there by trainThe monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing2表示位置：“在旁边，靠近”，表示此意时，常可与beside换用。如：Some are drawing by（beside）the lake3表示时间：“到为止，不迟于”，常与过去完成时连用，当by引导的是未来的时间状语时，可用一般将来时。如：How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?Your son will be all right by supper time4用于被动结构中，意为“由、被”。如：The pupils were given some advice by the pianist5与反身代词oneself连用，表示独自、单独或没有人帮助（全凭本人）。如：I cant leave her by herself6用于某些固定短语中。如： by the way顺便，顺便问一下 by and by 不久以后 little by little逐渐地 by hand用手【练习】根据提示，用含有by的短语完成下列各题：1Come and sit _（我旁边）2_（到上星期日）I had finished the book3She came home _（乘飞机）4Did you make the desk _（自己独自）?5_（顺便问一下）, how many people are there in your family?6It has been turned into water_（受热）7_（不久以后）, more and more people began to study English8The Great Wall was built_（用手）9Then _（逐渐地）, the smoke grew heavier and thicker until finally it turned into a terrible Genie10If your son feels well enough to watch TV_（到那时）, hell be fine after the game【答案】1by me 2By last Sunday 3by plane 4by yourself 5By the way 6by the heat 7By and by 8by hand 9little by little 10by then Unit 2一、 单词及短语1. stranger n. 陌生人（可数名词） 2. relative n. 亲属，亲戚 （可数名词）3. put on 增加（体重）；发胖；穿上4. sounds like fun! 听起来有趣！5. wonder=want to know: v. 怀疑，想知道，惊讶n. 惊奇，奇迹6. similar： adj. 相像的；相仿的；类似的 n. 相似的东西【搭配】A is similar to B in sth. ：A和B在方面相似7. throw at 抛向；泼向；洒向【词组拓展】 throw away: 扔掉，丢弃（= throw out）; throw off: 摆脱，抛弃8.celebrate vt.庆祝9.carry：vt. 提，抱；携带；传送 vi.能达到；被携带10.folk adj. 民间的，民俗的 a folk story 民间故事11.shoot down 射下，击落 同义词：shoot off12.steal vt. 偷，窃取 动词变形：steal stole stolen 【搭配】stealsth fromsb（some place）e.g. That man said that he would steal money from the bank. stealsb sth e.g. she steal his money.13.refuse vt. 拒绝【搭配】refuse sth./to do sth./sb. to do sth.Adj./adv.Many/few+可数名词复数Much/little+ UN.Adj.+a/an+可数名词单数14. sothat that 从句 so 对比： suchthat其结构：Adj.+可数名词复数a/an+Adj.+可数名词单数Adj.+不可数名词 that 从句such 15.call out: 大声叫喊lay out摆开，布置 lay (out) the coat on the bed16. admire: v. 欣赏，仰慕17.share: 分享其常用句型有：share sth.share sth. with sb.share sth. between sb.等。例如： 18. haunted adj. 有鬼魂出没的，闹鬼的haunt v. （鬼） 出没19. dress up 打扮，装饰；穿上盛装20. trick n. 花招，把戏21. treat n. 款待，招待 v. 招待，请客22.famous: adj. 作表语、定语=well-known；反义词：unknown【搭配】be famous for/as23.mean: adj. “吝啬的；刻薄的” v. “意味着；作解释；的意思”；n. meaning “意思、含义”，搭配：the meaning of “的意思”24.care about “担心、关心；在乎；对感兴趣”25.dead adj. “死的，失去生命的”; die:v. “死亡”；非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用dying: “奄奄一息的，垂死的”，一般作定语： death:n. “死亡” 26.used to “过去常常” + be/do,表示过去的动作或状态: 【辨析】be/get/become used to doing “习惯于”; be used to do: 被用来做某事27.warn v. “警告；告诫”【结构】1.warn sb. (not) to do sth. “告诫某人（不要）作某事”:warn sb. about sth. :“提醒某人注意某事”28. end up “最终成为；最后处于；结束”，其后可跟with, in, doing等。29.expect v. “期待，预料” +n./pron./to do/clause常用结构：expect to do sth./ sb. to do sth.30.remind v. “提醒；使记起；使想起”。结构：remind sb. of remind sb. to do sth./ sb. that31.decide v. “决定，下决心”。结构：decide sth.;decide to do sth.;decide that32.promise v. “允诺，答应”。结构：promise sb./sth./sb. sth.; promise to do sth.; promise sb. (not) to do sth.; promise that33. warmth n. 温暖，暖和 warm adj. 温暖的34. spread v. 传播，展开 n. 蔓延，传播二、 语法1. 宾语从句在复合句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如： I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.（四）宾语从句的省略含有疑问词引导的宾语从句的主从复合句中，若主句的主语或宾语与从句的主语一致，next“疑问词+不定式”的形式。e.g. I dont know how I should do it next.= I dont know how to do it next.I dont know what I should do = I dont know what to do.【练习】用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him. 10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait.用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)2.感叹句感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的,其余与陈述句结构相同, 句末用感叹句，朗读时用降调。（1）由what引导的感叹句what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下三种形式：1）. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ e.g. What an apple this is! What a fine day it is!2）. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！3）What+(形容词）+不可数名词+主语+谓语！= how+ 形容词+主语+谓语！e.g. What kind women they are! What nice music it is!What fine weather!= How fine the weather!（2）由How引导的感叹句how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：1) How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ 2) How+形容词（副词）+a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语！3) How+主语+谓语！ E.g. How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing!How time flies!3. have been doing：现在完成进行时：表示一个开始于过去，一直持续到现在而且还可能继续下去的动作。【辨析】与现在完成时的区别1)现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，现在完成时强调时间的经过或动作产生的结果。e.g. Sorry. Im late. Have you been waiting/waited long？你一直在等吗？/你等了很久吧？-Yes, I have been waiting/waited for an hour. 我已经等了一个小时/等了一个小时1） 现在完成进行时表示“未完成”， 现在完成时表示“已完成”。e.g. I have been writing a letter. I have written a letter.
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