中考英语语法复习列表过去进行时和一般过去时的比较.doc

中考英语语法复习列表过去进行时和一般过去时的比较过去进行时过去进行时的用法1）过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行，过去时间可以由一个状语表示出来：What were you doing when I rang you up? 我给你打电话时你在干吗？I was having a bath (at that time). (那时)我在洗澡。You were then working in the post office, werent you? 那时你在邮局工作，对吧？I was writing a letter when she called. 她来时我正在写信。I was busy yesterday. I was preparing for the exams. 昨天我很忙，我在准备考试。At that moment, I wasnt doing anything. 那会儿我什么也没做。I was thinking of you all those years. 那些年我一直惦记着你。有时候时间由上下文表示出来：Jane was in town. She was doing some shopping. 简在城里，在买东西。The bride was wearing a pink dress and carrying a small bouquet. 新娘穿着粉红色的裙服，手上拿着一小束花。He was sitting alone on the deck. 他一个人坐在甲板上。Someone was following her. She was scared. 有人跟着她，她很害怕。A small orchestra was playing. 一支小型管弦乐队在演奏。They knew what they were working for. 他们知道在为什么而工作。I didnt know you were still waiting for me. 我不知道你还在等我。I asked him to tell me what was troubling him. 我让他说出他的烦心事。 过去进行时还可以用在状语从句中：He met the bride while he was studying in California. 他是在加州上学时遇到新娘的。He lost his purse when he was strolling across a meadow. 他在草地上散步时把钱包丢了。I got to know her when I was working in a pharmacy. 我在药房工作时认识了她。While the water was heating, I began cooking. 烧水时我开始做饭。2）过去进行时可以用来描绘一幅景象，作为描绘的开始：A fire was burning and a cat was sleeping in front of it. A girl was playing the piano and singing softly to herself. Then there was a knock at the door. 炉火烧着，一只猫睡在炉火前。一个女孩在弹钢琴，轻声对自己唱着，这时有人敲门。She was sitting at the window, watching the evening invade the avenue. Suddenly she heard someone calling her from downstairs, and she recognized the voice. She stood up quickly. 她坐在窗前，看着暮色渐渐笼罩大街。突然她听到楼下有人叫她。她听出了这声音，迅速站了起来。在故事中间也可用过去进行时来描绘一幅景象：At last we got to the top of the mountain. White snow covered everything. People were sitting in groups of three and four. Some were lying on their backs. When they saw us, they were very happy and shouted: “We thought you had lost your way!” 最后我们爬上了山顶。白雪覆盖着一切，人们三五成群地坐着，有的人仰面躺着。他们看到我们时非常高兴，高声叫到：“我们还以为你们迷路了！”在小说中我们常可以看到这样的段落。过去进行时和一般过去时的比较1）过去进行时和一般过去时的基本差别是，过去进行时表示一个正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个业已完成的动作。试比较下面的句子：I was writing an essay. 我在写一篇论文。（可能还没写完）I wrote an essay yesterday. 我昨天写了一篇论文。（已写完）They were building a skyscraper. 他们在建一座摩天大楼。（在修建）They built a skyscraper. 他们盖了一座摩天大楼。（已盖好）She was knitting a sweater for Tom. 她在给汤姆织一件毛衣。She knitted a sweater for Tom. 她给汤姆织了一件毛衣。He was doing his homework in the afternoon. 下午他在做作业。He did his homework in the afternoon. 下午他把作业做完了。2）有些动词本身并不表示动作完成，如 rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, wait, stay, work等，这时用两种时态意思上差别不大：It snowed all night. 下了一整夜的雪。It was snowing all night.She wore a blue coat. 她穿着一件蓝外套。She was wearing a blue coat.He felt a bit uneasy. 他感到有点不自在。He was feeling a bit uneasy. We stayed in a hotel. 我们住在旅馆里。We were staying in a hotel.3）用进行时态有时有感情色彩，特别是带有always, forever, constantly这类状语时，如：He was always ringing up. 他总是给我打电话。（厌烦）She was always working. 她总是不停地干活。（赞扬）The old lady was forever grumbling. 这老太太老是嘀嘀咕咕。（厌烦）He was constantly changing his mind. 他总是改变主意。（不以为然）4）有时用进行时表示现在的想法，可以显得客气一点，如：I was wondering whether you could give me some advice. 不知你能否帮我出点主意。I was thinking maybe he could go by taxi. 我在想或许他可以坐的士去。I was hoping you could reconsider our proposal. 我希望你能再考虑一下我们的建议。表示过去某时预计要发生的情况的用法有些结构可以表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事，如：1）过去进行时（仅限于come, go, leave这类动词）：He was busy packing, for he was leaving that night. 他忙着收拾行李，因为那晚他就要走了。Mr. Brown was coming to dinner. 布郎先生要来吃晚饭。She told me she was going to Boston. 她告诉我她要去波士顿。We were very excited as we were flying to Europe the next morning. 我们很激动， 因为第二天早晨我们就要飞往欧洲了。2) was going to:She said she was going to come early. 她说她一早就来。Judy was going to meet me, but she was ill and couldnt come. 朱迪本来是要来和我们会面的，但她生病了没能来。When I arrived, the train was just going to start. 我到车站时火车正要出发。3) be about to (表示“就要”、“即将”发生某事)：He was about to go out when the phone rang. 他正要出去时电话响了。I was just about to explain when she interrupted me. 我正要解释，她打断了我的话。It was seven oclock. The show was about to start. 七点钟了，演出即将开始。4) be due to（表示“定于”）：He was due to speak that night. 他定于那天晚上发言。Mary was due to leave at 2 oclock. 马丽定于两点出发。The conference was due to start in 2 weeks time. 会议定于两周后开始。She was due to graduate in the coming summer. 她将于这个夏天毕业。