Earthwork(土方工程).doc

SECTION 02200EARTHWORK土方工程PART 1 - GENERAL第一部分 概要1.01DESCRIPTION 工程描述A.Extent of Work: The extent of earthwork includes but is not limited to site 工程范围：土方工程范围包括，但不局限于场地清理，clearance, excavation and backfilling of trenches and pits for structures, trenchesfor pipes, conduits, channels, walls, etc., excavation and backfilling for 结构沟槽，管道，渠道，挡墙等地沟的开挖与回填，walkways and slabs, preparation of subgrade, provision of borrow pit fill 人行道和地板的开挖与回填，地基修整，提供借土坑填料，materials and filling and compacting where required, backfilling and compacting 并对有要求的借土坑，进行回填夯实，现场回填夯实satisfactory material on site and disposing of surplus and unsatisfactory materials 符合要求的土方料，在指定的堆放场地倒掉多余的以及不合要求的土方料to approved dumping areas all as directed. The extent of works specified under 以下章节所指定的工作内容还应该包括白蚁的防治工作。this section shall also include antitermite treatment and control Works.1.02QUALITY ASSURANCE 质量保证A.Codes and Standards: Perform work in compliance with applicable requirements of safety codes and regulations. 规范和标准：施工应符合安全规范与制度的相关要求B.Furnish samples and perform all tests and quality control required for the proper execution of the work, as stipulated in - Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes (All Parts), and as required by the Engineer. 根据BS 1377中的规定- 针对土木工程（所有条款）的土工试验方法，以及工程师的要求，提供样本，以及进行正确施工作业所要求的工程质量控制和实验。C.The Contractor shall conduct subsurface investigation at locations agreed with Engineer prior to commencement of the work.The Contractor shall submit for approval his proposed method of investigation. Upon completion of the work, the Contractor shall submit a Geotechnical Investigation Report containing factual data and findings during the investigation, and geotechnical interpretations and recommendations, including but not limited to: 在施工开始前，承包商应在工程师同意的地点进行地勘作业。承包商应提交其拟采用的地勘方法以获得批准。在地勘工作结束后，承包商应及时提交地质勘察报告，其内容应包括：在勘探过程中获取的真实资料和发现物，以及地质解释性资料和建议，包括但不局限于：1. Factual data containing the following information: 真实资料应包含以下内容：a) A statement on the purpose and rationale of the investigation.对勘察目的以及原理的陈述b) A description of the work carried out, including reference to specifications and standards adopted and any deviations from them.对已完成的勘察工作的描述，包括：所参考规范，所采用的标准和与其之间的偏差c) Exploratory bore hole logs.钻孔记录d) In situ test records.原位测试记录e) Laboratory test results.试验室测试结果f) Plan with locations of exploratory holes.探孔平面布置图2.The interpretive data shall include, but is not limited to the following information. 解释性资料应包含，但不局限与下列信息a) General geology.地质概况b) Subsurface conditions by area and soil profiles.区域地下状况和土壤剖面c) Groundwater condition.地下水情况d) Earthwork recommendations for:土方工程建议：- Excavation and backfilling土方开挖和回填Including but not limited to, fill and cut slopes, compaction recommendation, water control including effects of artesian pressures if any, modulii of subgrade reaction, CBR values, fill settlement etc. 包括但不局限于，填方和切削造坡，夯实建议，包括如有承压水在内的地下水防治，基底反应模量，CBR值。填土沉陷等等。e) Foundation recommendation for:对基础的建议为：- Deep foundations (piling)深基础（桩基）- Shallow foundation浅基础Including, but not limited to, design parameters (bearing capacities), types, recommended levels, anticipated settlements, protection, etc.包括但不局限于，设计参数（承载力），基础类型，建议埋深，预期沉降，基础保护等等。D.Tests for Proposed Soil Materials: 对拟采用土料试验1.Test soil materials proposed for use in the work and promptly submit test report results to the Engineer for approval. 测试本工程拟使用的土方料，并及时向工程师提交测试报告结果，以获得批准2.Provide optimum moisture-maximum density of relative density test data as appropriate for each type of soil encountered in subgrade, fills and backfills. Determine maximum and relative densities in accordance with BS 1377. 提供适合于地基中遇到的每种土质以及填土和回填土的最佳湿度-最大相对密实度试验数据。依照BS 1377确定土的最大密度和相对密度。3.Determine the physical and mechanical properties and suitability of subgrade materials, fills and backfills. 确定地基土料，填料和回填料的物理、化学性质及其适应性。4.Test for Proposed Materials: Perform and report to the Engineer the following sampling and testing for the proposed subgrade materials, fills and backfills for each type of fill material all in accordance with BS 1377: 拟使用土料的测试：根据BS 1377，对拟采用的土基材料，及各类填土和回填土进行以下测试和取样，并向工程师提交报告：a.Dry and Wet Preparation of Soil Samplesfor Particles-Size Analysis andDetermination of Soil Constants 制备干、湿土样以进行颗粒粒径分析，并确定土壤常数b.Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils 土的液限，朔限和朔限指数c.Particle Size Distribution and theAmount of Material Finer than the No. 200 Sieve in Soils 粒径分布，以及粒径小于200号筛的土在土壤中的含量d.Tests for In-Situ Density of Soil 土的原位密实度测试e.Moisture-Density Relations ofSoils Using 4.50 kg Rammer 457mm Drop. Method D 使用4.50 kg击实锤，457mm落距，方法D，测试土的密与湿度的关系f.Test for California Bearing Ratio 加利福尼亚承载比试验g.Test for Relative Densityof Cohesionless Soils 无粘性土相对密实度测试h.Test for Density of Soil in Placeby the Rubber Balloon Method 用 橡胶球测试法在现场土进行的密实度测试5.Minimum Test Required: The above tests shall be carried out for each type of borrow pit fill material but not less than 3 each for every layer of borrow pit fill materials. 试验的最低要求：对每一类借土坑填土料都要进行上述试验，但借土坑中的每一层土料，测试点不得少于3个E.Anti-termite Treatment: Pre-constructional anti-termite treatment of soil along the perimeter of the building and soil faces in contact with the building including treating backfill with anti-termite materials as required shall be undertaken by an approved specialised Sub-contractor in accordance with the following main requirements and guidelines: 白蚁防治：根据要求在施工前，对建筑物周边土壤以及与建筑物直接接触的土壤表面进行防白蚁处理，包括用防白蚁药剂对回填土进行处理，应该根据以下主要要求和准则，让经批准的专业分包商来承担。1.The Contractor shall submit full details of the specialised Sub-contractor whom he proposes to use for the approval of the Engineer. 承包商应向工程师提交拟使用的专业分包商的全部详细资料以获得批准2.The Contractor shall submit a method statement to the Engineer detailing the most appropriate method along with the rate of application for the existing site conditions and taking into consideration the configuration and lay of the building, for the approval of the Engineer before commencing any work. The contractor shall also furnish full details of the checmicals he proposes to use along with all necessary documental evidence as required for compliance with the regulations, local authorities requirements and proven track record. The most appropriate method to be used shall be decided at the time of construction after considering all aspects.在任何施工作业开始前，承包商应向工程师提交方法陈述以获得工程师的批准，该陈述应详细说明最适合的方法及针对场地实际情况的药剂施用量，并将建筑物的轮廓形状及位置考虑在内。承包商还要提交其拟使用的化学药剂的详细资料，并附带所所有必要的证明文件，如所要求遵守的规定，当地主管部门的要求和业绩记录证明。所采用的最适合本工程的施工方法应在经多方面考量之后，在即将施工时才能确定。3.However any approval accorded by the engineer shall not relieve the Contractor/Sub-Contractor of any responsibilities and contractual obligations. 然而工程师的批准并不能减轻承包商、分包商的任何责任和合同义务。4.The treatment shall guarantee that the building will remain free from any termite activities for a minimum duration of 10 years after the completion of the Works. The specialised Sub-contractor shall give an undertaking that in the case of infestation of the said structure by any termite activities, he shall carry out such treatment(s) as may be necessary to render the structure free from termite infestation without any extra cost to the Employer, and till the end of the ten years period stated above. 白蚁防治处理应确保在工程完工后至少10年之内 ，建筑物免受白蚁活动的侵害。专业分包公司应给出承诺，假如上述结构遭受白蚁活动的侵害，他应该在不增加业主额外费用的前提下，采用这种可能是必要的处理方法，以使得结构免于遭受白蚁活动的侵害，直到上述10年期限结束1.03JOB CONDITIONS 施工条件A.Site information: Subsurface investigation including boring, sampling, testing and foundation recommendation shall be carried out by the Contractor as specified in 1.02 C herein above. 场地信息收集：如上文1.02 C所确定的包括钻孔，取样，测试在内的地勘和基础建议，应由承包商负责实施B.Use of Explosives: The use of explosives for the Work will not be permitted, nor shall the Contractor import any explosives into UAE in connection with the work under this Contract. 爆破的使用：本工程不允许采用爆破施工，按照本合同，也不能向与本工程相关的阿拉伯国家进口爆炸物品C.Protection of Persons and Property: 人身及财产的保护1.Barricade open excavations made as a part of earthwork operations and post with warning lights. Operate warning lights during hours from dusk to dawn each day and as otherwise required. 作为土方施工的一部分，对敞开挖基坑应设置围护，并架设警示灯。除另有要求外，从黄昏到黎明的每一天警示灯都应处于开启状态。2.Protect structures, utilities, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movements, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations. 防止由于沉降，侧移，坑道开挖，冲刷，以及由于土方施工而引起其他灾害对结构，市政设施，铺路面，及其他设施的破坏3.Take precautions and provide necessary bracing and shoring to guard against movement or settlement of existing improvements or new construction. In carrying out excavation and other works close to existing structures and to prevent subsidence of the foundation of such structures, the Contractor shall provide and shall be responsible for the strength and adequacy of the necessary sheeting, bracing and shoring as required in order that the excavation, backfilling and any other work can be safely performed. The Contractor shall include in his rates for all additional temporary works that may be required to prevent any damage to such structures. 采取预防措施和架设必要的支撑系统来防止原有改建结构或新建结构发生位移和沉降。在靠近原建筑物附近进行开挖和从事其他施工作业，以及为防止该建筑物基础沉降，承包商应采用所要求的足够强度和数量的必要撑板和支撑，以保证开挖、回填和任何其他施工作业都能够安全进行，并对其负责。承包商的报价应包含为预防任何对这种结构的破坏所需采取的所有额外的临性工程。PART 2 - PRODUCTS 产品2.01DEFINITIONS 定义A.Satisfactory Soil Materials: Satisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill are defined and shall comply with those detailed in. BS 1377 合格的土方料; 在BS 1377中定义了合格的填方料和回填方料，并应符合在BS 1377中所详述内容。B.Unsatisfactory Soil Materials: Unsatisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill and described in BS 1377, unless otherwise acceptable to the Engineer. 不合格土料：在BS 1377定义不合格的填方料和回填方料，除非工程师能够接受C.Cohesionless Soil Materials: Cohesionless soil materials include gravels, sand-gravel mixtures, sands and gravelly-sands. 非粘性土料：非粘性土料包括砾石，砂砾，砂和砾砂D.Cohesive Soil Materials: 粘性土1.Cohesive soil materials include clayey and silty gravels, sand-clay mixtures, gravel-silt mixtures, clayey and silty sands, sand-silt mixtures, clays, silts, and every fine sands. 粘性土料包括粘土质和粉土质砾石，砂与粉土混合土，粘土，粉土，和特细砂2.Cohesive soil materials are defined as those having a plasticity index exceeding 11 and/or having amount passing U.S. sieve No. 200 exceeding 36%. 粘性土料被定义为那些朔性指数超过11和（或）通过美国200号筛的颗粒数量超过36%的土3.Soil material exhibiting cohesiveness and meeting the requirements of satisfactory soils shall be considered by the Engineer satisfactory soil material. 那些显示出粘性的土料以及符合合格土质的土料，应该由工程师认定为合格土料2.02SOIL MATERIALS 土料A.Backfill and Fill Materials: 回填料及填料1.General: Provide satisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill, free of rock or gravel larger than 50 mm in any dimension, and free of clay, debris, waste, vegetable and other deleterious matter. Use excavated or borrow material that has been sampled, tested and approved by the Engineer as satisfactory soil material. 概述：为回填和填土提供合格的土料，不得含有任何粒径大于50mm的岩石或砾石，以及土块，碎砖瓦快，垃圾，植物和其它有害的物质。采用那些经过取样，测试和经工程师同意采用的开挖土和借土最为合格土料。2.Borrow: Borrow shall consist of the excavation of material from borrow pits selected by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. He shall pay all royalties and bear all expense of developing the sources and of handling, hauling and placing the material at no additional cost to the Employer.借土：借土应包含从经分包商的挑选的借土坑中挖取的土料，并经由工程师同意。分包商应支付所有许可开采费用和承担这种资源开发的所有费用，以及处理，搬运和放置这种土料，而不得向业主索取额外费用B.Paved Areas: Provide satisfactory soil materials, as defined, to have a soaked CBR of not less than 15% as determined by BS 1377. 铺装区域：提供合格的土料，如定义的那样，饱和CBR值不超过BS1377确定的15%1.Soil group classification A-3 shall not be used for top 200 mm of subgrade. A-3类土不得用于土基表面200mm之内的范围2.03 ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT MATERIALS防白蚁处理材料Materials incorporated in the anti-termite treatment and control shall be included by the Contractor in his submittal. Full details of the chemicals he proposes to use along with all necessary documental evidence as required for compliance with the regulations, local authorities requirements and proven track record, shall also be submitted for the approval of the Engineer. 白蚁的处理与防治所使用的材料应包含在承包商所提交的资料中，其拟使用的化学药剂详细资料，与之一起的，符合法规所要求的所有必要的证明材料，当地行政管理部门的要求和经得起证明的业绩资料，都应该提交，并获得工程师的批准PART 3 - EXECUTION 开挖3.01INSPECTION 检查A.The Contractor shall examine the substrates and the conditions under which the earthwork shall be performed and correct any unsatisfactory conditions. Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected in a manner acceptable to the Engineer. 承包商应检查下部土层和工作条件，在此基础上进行土方施工，并改正任何不符合要求的作业条件。只有当这种条件在以工程师能够接受的某种方式进行纠正之后，施工作业才能进行。3.02SITE CLEARANCE 场地清理A.Top Soil Removal: 表土清理1.Unsuitable top soil is defined as friable clay loam surface soil or other encrusted or objectionable surface soil found in depth of not less than 600mm. 不符合要求的表土被定义为易碎的粘壤土地表土，或其它板结或令人不满意的地表土2.Strip unsuitable top soil to a minimum 100 mm depths in fill areas, and in such manner so as to prevent intermingling with the underlying sub-soil. Stripping of top soil shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. 在填方区，剥离至少100mm厚不适合的地表土，用这种方式可以防止与下部土壤相混合，表土清除取决于工程师的同意B.Disposal of Waste Material: Transport waste materials, unsuitable materials, topsoil materials, trash and debris to approved dumping areas. 废弃土料的处理：运走废弃的，不适用的土和地表土，垃圾，废渣到指的定区域进行堆放3.03EXCAVATION 开挖A.General: Excavation consists of the removal of all materials encountered when establishing the required grade elevations, setting aside satisfactory soil material for reuse in backfilling and filling in trenches, around structures and walkways and disposal of unsatisfactory and excess materials. 综述：开挖包括移除在建立起所要求的基底高程过程中所有遇到的所有土料，并将合格的土料放置在旁边，并在地沟，建筑物周边和人行道施工中再次使用，以及处理那些不合格以及多余的土料B.Unauthorized Excavation: 未经授权的开挖1.Unauthorized excavation consists of removal of materials beyond indicated subgrade elevations or side dimensions without the specific direction of the Engineer. Replace unauthorized excavation as herein specified. 未经授权的开挖包括移除那些超过指定基底标高或超过指定周边尺寸的土料，而没有经过工程师明确指示的土方。替换这里所明确指示的非授权土方2.Under structures fill the unauthorized excavation with plain concrete, 14.0 MPa minimum compressive strength, to the required grade. Backfill unauthorized excavation with satisfactory soil material only when acceptable to the Engineer. Compaction of such backfill material shall be to its full depth and to not less than 97% of maximum dry density or 77% relative density as applicable. 在结构之下用不小于14.0 MPa抗压强度的素混凝土填回的非授权挖方部分，至要求的基底，仅仅在工程师接受的情况下，才可以用合格土料回填非授权挖方段。对这种回填土整个厚度范围内的土进行夯实，视具体情况，其最大干密度不小于97% ，相对密实度不小于77%3.Elsewhere, backfill and compact unauthorized excavations as specified for authorized excavations of the same classification unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. 除工程师另有指示之外，在其他地方，回填和夯实非授权的挖方，可如同具体指定的同样类型区域的授权挖方一样处理C.Additional Excavation: When excavation has reached required subgrade elevations, notify the Engineer for the inspection of conditions. 额外挖方：当开挖至要求的基底标高时，通知工程师对现场情况进行检查1.If unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at the required grade elevations carry excavations deeper and replace the excavated material to the depth as directed by the Engineer and as follows: 如果在要求的基底标高处遇到不适合的承载土，应继续下挖，并替换工程师指定开挖深度范围内的土方，并遵循下列要求：a.Under paved areas use satisfactory fill materials compacted as specified. 在铺面区域，使用合格料回填，并按规定夯实b.Under foundations of structures use plain concrete filling of 14.0 MPa minimum compressive strength. 在结构基础之下，采用不低于14.0 MPa抗压强度的素混凝土回填D.Classification of Excavations: All excavations shall be done on an unclassified basis. No consideration will be given to the nature of the materials, including that of rock. 挖方分类：所有开挖均应该为不分类开挖。不考虑土料的性质，包括岩石在内E.Stability of Excavation: 挖方的稳定性1.Unless otherwise required, slope the sides of excavation to the angle of repose of the material excavated, otherwise shore and brace where sloping is not possible either because of space restrictions or stability of material excavated. 除非另有要求，对开挖坑边进行修坡至开挖土料的休止角，而对于不可能修坡，或场地受严格限制或被开挖的土方稳定性不足的地方，就要采用支撑加固2.Maintain sides and slopes of excavations in a safe condition until completion of backfilling. 保持挖坑边坡的安全处于安全状态，直到完成回填3.Take precautions to prevent slides or cave-ins in excavation. 预防挖坑滑坡或塌顶F.Shoring and Bracing: 支撑1.The Contractor shall furnish, put in place and maintain such sheeting, bracing, etc. as may be necessary to support the sides of the excavation and to prevent any movement of earth which could in any way diminish the width of the excavation to less than that necessary for proper construction, or could otherwise injure or delay the work, or endanger adjacent services or structures. If the Engineer is of the opinion that at any point sufficient or proper supports have not been provided, he may order additional supports put in at the expense of the Contractor. 承包商应提供，安装和维护这样的支板、支撑杆等，其对基坑周边支护或许是必须的，可以防止土的任何位移，这种位移可以在任何方向减少基坑的尺寸，从而导致其小于正常施工所必须的尺寸，或引起其他方面的伤害或延误施工，或危及周边各种设施或结构。如果工程师判断在任何地点没有提供足够和正确的支撑，那么他或许指令增加支撑，该费用由承包商担负。2.Wherever possible, sheeting and bracing, shall be driven ahead of excavation to avoid loss of material from behind the sheeting; care shall be taken to avoid trimming behind the face along which the sheeting shall be driven. Care shall be taken to prevent voids outside of the sheeting, but if voids occur such voids s