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New English Teaching Methods in Elementary School小学英语教学中的新方法AbstractThis paper concentrates on some new methods in elementary school English teaching. The paper is developed into two major parts. The first part says the development of English teaching in elementary school. The second part deals with new English teaching methods in elementary school. It includes seven aspects: (1) planning a general English language course ; (2) creating an inclusive environment of class is very important; (3) listening and speaking are very important skills for beginners; (4) acting is not only advantageous to class study, but also sound in body and mind; (5) songs can stimulate pupils interest and develop learners language abilities; (6) playing games for children is very useful and important; (7) role-playing is intended on the overall language ability of learners.Key WordsEnglish teaching; elementary school; new methods摘要这篇论文研究小学英语教学中的新方法。本文分为两大部分。第一部分是讲小学英语教学的发展。第二部份是讲小学教学中的新方法,它包括起7个小部分:(1)设计英语课堂教学是很有趣的;(2)创造课堂内部环境的重要性;(3)听和讲对于初学者来说是非常重要的技能;(4)表演不仅有利于课堂学习, 而且可以使身体和头脑清晰(5)歌曲可能激发学生的学习兴趣和开发学习者的语言能力;(6)游戏是对孩子非常有用和重要的方式;(7)围绕学习者的语言能力进行角色扮演。关键词英语教学; 小学; 新方法Introduction景区简介With the coming of new century and promotion of reform and opening-up, English is becoming more and more vital in peoples life. Recently people have deeply realized that the improvement of English must be started in childhood. Pupils are longing for knowledge and study, but they often cannot concentrate on one thing. And their absorption to knowledge is mainly through appearance and image. Therefore, English-teaching of pupils mainly focuses on the stimulating of pupils interest of learning. English teachers in elementary school are expected to employ various teaching methods flexibly.随着新世纪的到来和促进改革开放，英语正变得越来越重要，人们的生活。最近人们已经深刻意识到英语的提高必须开始在童年。学生们渴望知识和研究，但他们往往不能专注于一件事。和其吸收的知识主要是通过外貌和形象。因此，英语教学的学生主要集中在激发学生的学习兴趣。小学英语教师将采用多样化的教学方法的灵活。Since 2001 the first year to start English course in elementary school, the study of English-teaching methods is also increasing. Lots of progresses have been achieved.自2001第一年开始在小学英语课程，英语教学方法的研究也越来越多。许多已取得进展。This paper will deal with new methods of English teaching in elementary school: 1). planning a general English language course; 2). creating an Inclusive Environment. 3). listening and speaking. 4). Acting; 5). singing songs. 6). playing games. All these methods can help to make the English class interesting and lively, and they can also attract the pupils.本文将讨论新的英语教学方法在小学：1）。规划一般英语语言课程；2）。创建一个包容性的环境。3）。听和说。4）。代理；5）。演唱的歌曲。6）。玩游戏。所有这些方法可以帮助使课堂生动有趣，而且他们也能吸引学生。I. The Development of English Teaching in Elementary School我的发展，小学英语教学In a long period, the teachers in China are all normally geared to operate via the traditional teacher-centered approach, in which instructions are almost entirely under the control of the teaching staff in English class. This kind of forced-feeding method of teaching plays an unfavorable role in English teaching. For instance, language teachers are seen exclusively as individuals who hold and transmit language. They are not only directors of the teaching process, but also the mere instruments of the expert who provides a method to be implemented in the classroom. That means, they possess the kind of control over the amount, sequencing, and frequency of usage of the items the learners produce or receive. On the other hand, the pupils are on an inactive and negative footing. 在很长一个时期内，中国的教师都是面向操作通常通过传统的以教师为中心的做法，其中指示几乎完全控制下的英语课堂教学人员。这种灌输式教育转发挥了不利的作用，英语教学。例如，教师完全作为个人持有和传达语言。他们不仅是导演的教学过程，但也仅仅是仪器的专家，提供了一种在课堂上实施。这意味着，他们拥有类似的控制量，排序，和使用频率的项目学习者产生或接收。另一方面，学生的消极负面的基础。Some experts of modern pedagogy believe that the teacher plays supportive rather than central roles in class. Its real center is the pupils. That means, teachers are the facilitators of their pupils learning, and they are monitors, counselors, consultants, etc. The role of the teacher is that he must be concerned with providing an environment that will supply the appropriate sort of input and in which the learner can be engaged in creative interaction, and assist the learner to develop a natural capacity to communicate in another language. That is to say, the starting point of the teaching should be the pupils and they are the active and positive participants in teaching process. Such a method of teaching is good for pupils. First, it can cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problem independently. Second, it helps develop the ability of the pupils to think things out for themselves. Third, it fosters the pupils ability to study on their own. Finally, it gives scope to the pupils initiative and creativeness. Therefore, in class, teachers should insist on pupil-centered teaching methodology and change the approaches continuously. It claims that the teacher is only a guidekeeps the pace of work uniformly fast, maintains an active businesslike atmosphere in class. What more important is to guide them in learning by themselves, to train their learning method which is an indispensable element in their learning of a foreign language, to give them more time to make their own contributions to the classroom communication, and to advocate extra curriculum activities and stimulate their consciousness of becoming participants actively. On the other hand, pupils should be able to act as leaders, never merely sitting like empty bottles waiting to be filled! (Ronald S. Brandt, 2000)一些专家认为，现代教育学是教师的支持而不是中央作用类。其中心是学生。这意味着，教师是促进学生学习，和他们的显示器，顾问，顾问，等老师的角色，他必须与提供一个环境，提供适当的输入，学习者可以从事创造性的互动，并协助学习者发展一个自然的沟通能力的另一种语言。也就是说，起点的教学应该是学生，他们是积极主动参与教学过程。这种教学方法是好学生。首先，它可以培养分析能力和解决实际问题的独立。其次，它有助于开发能力的学生独立思考。第三，培养学生的自主学习能力。最后，它发挥学生的主动性和创造性。因此，在课堂上，教师应坚持pupil-centered教学方法和途径不断变化。它声称，老师只是一个guide-keeps工作节奏均匀快速，保持一个积极的有效率的课堂气氛。更重要的是引导他们在自己的学习，培养他们的学习方法是必不可少一个元素在外语学习，给他们更多的时间做出了自己的贡献，课堂交流，并倡导课外活动和刺激他们的意识成为积极的参与者。另一方面，学生应该能够作为领导人，不只是坐在空瓶等待填充！（罗纳德勃兰特，2000）II. New English Teaching Methods in Elementary School。小学英语教学中的新方法People will have no appetite if people eat a certain kind of delicious food everyday. The same way, the pupils will become tired of the teaching if teacher use the same teaching method in every class, even if it is completely perfect. So the teachers have to use various kinds of teaching forms to make the teaching task fulfilled. According to the basic demands in English class, which are laid down by education bureau in Autumn in 2001, and the features of pupils study, it is a new way in modern, elementary English class, such as, listening and speaking; acting; singing songs; playing games; role-playing, All these forms can help make the English class interesting and lively, and they can also attract the pupils.人们将没有胃口吃一种美味的食物每天。同样的方式，学生将成为厌倦教学教师如果用同样的教学方法在每一个阶级，即使是完美的。因此，教师必须使用多种教学形式使教学任务完成。根据基本要求，英语课，这是规定由教育局在秋天在2001，特点和学生的学习，这是一种新的方式在现代，小学英语课，比如，听力和口语；代理；唱歌；玩游戏；角色扮演，所有这些形式可以帮助英语课堂生动有趣，而且他们也能吸引学生。A. Planning a General English Language Course A .规划一般英语语言课程Planning a general English course is interesting as teachers are creating a teaching strategy that helps not only the students but also teachers, in a very effective way.规划一个普通英语课程是有趣的教师创造一种教学策略，不仅有助于学生而且老师，在一个非常有效的方法。Lesson planning is the first step. It includes data such as content, language learning objectives, instructional approaches and procedures, materials required, and criteria for constructing an assessment for the lesson. It is like a map guiding someone to his / her destination through unknown or known paths and places. Lesson planning is a teacher problem solving activity pursuing the answer to the question of how to most effectively promote and accomplish intended learning outcomes.课程规划是第一步。它包括数据等内容，语言的学习目标，教学方法和程序，所需的材料，和标准建设评估的教训。它就像一个地图指导人他/她的目的通过未知或已知的路径和地方。备课是教师问题解决活动追求的答案的问题是如何最有效地促进和实现预期的学习结果。In summary, lesson planning is needed for总之，备课是需要a. Giving a sense of direction答：给人一种方向b. Helping students become aware of the lesson objectives and the learning tasks they are asked to performB .帮助学生了解课程目标和学习任务，他们被要求执行c. Managing a classroom C .管理教室d. Helping teachers to solve, in advance, teaching problemsD .帮助教师解决教学问题，在推进，B. Creating an Inclusive EnvironmentB .创建一个包容性的环境a. Make sure those classroom posters, pictures, books, music, toys, dolls, and other materials are diverse in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, age, family situations, disabilities, and so on.A .确保课堂海报，图片，音乐，书籍，玩具，娃娃，和其他材料的不同方面的种族，民族，性别，年龄，家庭状况，残疾，等等。b. Try to involve other supportive teachers, administrators so that teachers are not the only one modeling a concern for inclusive classrooms and school settings. 努力涉及其他支持教师，行政人员，教师不是只有一个建模关注包容性的教室和学校的设置。c. Make a special effort to use language that is unbiased, inclusive, and do not divide students unnecessarily. For example, Okay everyone. is less likely to reinforce gender divisions than Okay, boys and girls.C .做出特殊的努力来使用语言，公正，包容，和不分的学生不必要。例如，“大家好”是不太可能加强性别划分，“好，男孩和女孩”d. If a students question makes a teacher uncomfortable, he/she should do best to answer it on the spot, but then take time later to reflect on what made a teacher uncomfortable. 如果一个学生的问题，使教师不舒服，他/她应该做的最好的回答出来了，但是需要时间后反思了教师不舒服。e. Do not ignore discriminatory behavior. Avoiding the problem will not make it go away, and teachers silence may even give the appearance of tacit approval. Instead, make it clear that the teacher will not tolerate racial, ethnic, religious, sexual, or other offensive jokes, slurs, or behaviors, and explain why. If the teacher cannot respond at the time the incident takes place, respond as soon as possible before the problem worsens.E .不要忽视歧视行为。避免的问题，不让它消失，与教师沉默甚至可能使外观默许。相反，使它清楚老师不会容忍种族，民族，宗教，性，或其他的笑话，诽谤，或行为，并解释为什么。如果教师不能回应当时的事件发生，尽快回应问题恶化之前。C. Listening and SpeakingC .听和说Listening and speaking are very important skills for beginners. A host of facts show that children learning their native language begin by understanding through listening. They comprehend the language before they can speak it. Language teaching should not violate this theory. Now the elementary school pupils pay more attention to the speaking and listening skills. It is better that teachers let them listen and understand the language first, and let them speak gradually when they feel ready and comfortable with it. In fact, listening and speaking are always used inseparably in real life situations. However, listening is an important basis for speaking.听力和口语是非常重要的技能，对于初学者。大量事实表明，儿童学习他们的母语开始了解到。他们理解的语言才可以说。语言教学不应违背这个理论。现在的小学生更注重口语和听力技巧。这是更好的老师让他们听和理解的语言，让他们慢慢地说当他们觉得准备和适应它。事实上，听力和口语总是密不可分的情况在现实生活中。然而，听是一项重要的基础，说。a. ListeningA .听1. The teacher should lay stress on imitating the tape-recorder, and improve the quality of listening.1。教师应注重模仿录音机，和质量的提高听力。In class, pupils are asked to first listen to the tape recordings or watch TV in English, which can enable them to familiar with foreigners pronunciation or tone, then repeat and memorize it. They must imitate the model English and achieve correct and standard pronunciation, intonation, stress and rhythm. If so, it will improve pupils quality of listening English efficiently.在课堂上，学生们被要求先听录音，录音或看英语电视，这可以使他们熟悉外国人的发音和语调，然后复述和背诵它。他们要模仿的模型和实现正确的和标准的发音，语调，重音和节奏。如果是这样，这将提高学生英语听力的有效质量。2. The teacher must pay attention to the class teaching, and cultivate the habit of listening.2。教师要注重课堂教学，培养听的习惯。In teaching, listening should be the chief means of teaching in the beginning and intermediate stage. So, as for teachers, they must insist on teaching listening in class, which is beneficial to focus the pupils attention, temper their capacity of perception, cultivate their imaginative power and the ability of thought. While the teachers teach new lesson, they adhere to let the pupil read the questions about the content of the dialogue, then hear a model dialogue one or more times, which is on the tape. The pupils just listen and try to understand the meaning of the dialogue with the help of the teachers gestures, mime, context or situation established in advance. At last, they find out the answers and repeat the sentences that are related to those problems. If doing like this, the pupils will form a habit of careful listening. And they will raise the ability of listening naturally, as long as they make unremitting efforts在教学中，听力作为主要教学手段在初、中级阶段。因此，作为教师，他们必须坚持教学在课堂上听讲，这有利于集中学生的注意力，锻炼自己的能力，培养他们的想象力和思维能力。而教师教新课，他们坚持让学生阅读有关问题的对话内容，然后听对话一次或更多次的模型，这是在磁带上。学生听和理解对话的含义与帮助老师的手势，哑剧，上下文或情境建立在前进。最后，他们找到了答案，和重复的句子，有关这些问题。如果这样做，学生就会形成习惯仔细听。他们将提高听说能力自然，只要他们不懈的努力3. Both teachers and pupils use English in class. 3。教师和学生都在课堂上使用英语。Both teachers and pupils use English in class every day. The teachers speak only the target language. Pupils may use either the first or second language. If they choose to respond in the second language, their errors are not corrected unless meaning is affected.教师和学生都使用英语，每天在课堂。老师说只有目标语言。学生可以使用第一及第二语言。如果他们选择在二语，其不纠正错误，除非意义的影响。4. The teachers have to use various kinds of teaching forms to arouse the learners listening interesting.4。教师运用各种教学形式，激发学习者的听力很有趣。Interest is the mainspring of incentive. Interest is the foundation of all mental activity (C. E. Echkersley, 1982). Its very nature is to lead to thought and action. Pupils are naturally curious and active. They are full of enthusiasm and often show a lot of eagerness to participate. If pupils are happy, feel secure and in a relaxing environment they are more likely to enjoy listening activities that include listening and doing coloring, numbering, ticking, pointing, or matching. Moreover, these activities can help develop childrens real-life listening skills and arouse their listening interest.兴趣是主要的激励。兴趣是一切的基础，心理活动（公元echkersley，1982）。其本质是导致思想和行动。学生感到好奇是自然的和积极的。他们正以饱满的热情，往往表现出许多热心参与。若学生快乐，感到安全和放松的环境，他们更可能喜欢听的活动，包括听和做着色，编号，滴答，指针，或匹配。此外，这些活动可以帮助培养孩子的真实生活中的听力技能，激发他们的听力的兴趣。b. SpeakingB说It is known to all, speaking is fundamental for communication and is essential for developing interpersonal skill. However, learning to speak in another language is not an easy thing. As teachers, they need to be patient and tolerant, create a very relaxed and friendly environment for pupils to try to speak in the new language, encourage pupils and praise them for being brave and encourage pupils efforts at speaking. What more important is that teacher need to make the scene dialogue, create interesting topics and genuine purposes for pupils to speak the language. Of course, some imitations and repetitions are necessary to prepare pupils to speak, but even with imitations and repetitions, teacher can make them more interesting and meaningful. If a teacher just teaches his or her language pupils, the pupils will not develop their own speaking skills. If the teacher involves the pupils in communicative learning activities, the pupils will develop their speaking skills, which can carry them success, and they will be more motivated and interested. As for children, it should be quite easy to get them involved in speaking as they are naturally interested in communicating with each other. This is why it is important to make a language class as pupil-centered as possible. Therefore, interaction and experimenting with the language in communication are very important factors for language development.众所周知，说是基本的沟通和发展是必不可少的人际技巧。然而，学习用另一种语言是不容易的。作为教师，他们需要的是耐心和宽容，创造一个非常轻松和友好的环境，学生试着讲新的语言，鼓励学生和赞美他们的勇敢和鼓励小学生努力讲。更重要的是，老师需要做情景对话，创造有趣的话题和真正的目的，为学生的语言。当然，一些模仿和重复的必要准备学生说，但即使模仿和重复，老师可以使他们更有趣和有意义的。如果一个老师教他或她的语言的学生，学生将无法发展自己的说话技巧。如果老师是学生在交际学习活动，学生可以提高他们的口语技能，它可以携带他们的成功，他们将更加积极和有兴趣。在儿童，这应该是很容易让他们说他们是自然的兴趣，彼此交流。这就是为什么它是重要的是使语言类pupil-centered尽可能。因此，互动和试验的语言沟通是非常重要的因素，语言的发展。双语对照查看D. Acting D .代理Pupils are imaginative and creative. They like new things and enjoy participating in actions and they seldom get bored when they are involved in the activity. Even more, they like “dance for joy” very much. That means, they like to do things with their hands, bodies and minds. If the teachers want to make the learners in high spirits and have competence to develop their interest in learning, they should try their best to organize some hands-on activities for pupils to do; If so, the pupils can relax after thinking hard nervously and alternating tension with relaxation that will be not only advantageous to class study, but also sound in body and mind. For instance, when teachers teach the new words about the parts of the body, the pupils listen attentively and respond physically to commands given by the teacher. After learning the words totally, teachers divide pupils into several groups, and they ask one who will be chosen from each group, to take part in “Touching game” that is done from slowly to quickly gradually. The winner is who can hold on straight to the end, that is to say, the one who touches the part of the body more faster and correct every time.学生的想象力和创造力。他们喜欢新事物，喜欢参与行动，他们很少厌倦当他们参与的活动。更重要的是，他们喜欢“手舞足蹈”非常多。这意味着，他们喜欢做的事情，用手，身体和心灵。如果要使学习者在精神和能力，培养他们的学习兴趣，他们应该尽力组织一些实践活动为学生做；如果是这样，学生可以放松后努力思考和交流的紧张与松弛紧张的，不仅有利于班学习，但也身心健康。例如，当老师教新单词的身体部分，学生认真倾听和回应身体发出的命令的老师。在学习的话，教师把学生分成几个小组，他们问谁将选择从每个组，参与“感动”，是由快逐渐缓慢。胜者是谁能坚持到底，也就是说，一个谁接触到身体的一部分，更快速、正确的每次。Children have a lot of questions about how they should learn a language, and often form their own answers, which are needed to discuss. Many of these answers are not necessarily things teachers agree with, and discussion also gives teachers an opportunity to explain their beliefs about language learning and how this translates into what teachers ask learners to do in the class.孩子们有很多的问题，关于他们应该如何学习语言，而且往往形成自己的答案，这是需要讨论。许多这些答案都不是教师同意，并讨论也使教师有机会解释他们的语言学习观念和如何转化成教师问学生在课堂上做。For example; the teacher can write “Why do we do homework?” on the board. 例如；老师可以写“为什么我们做家庭作业吗？“在董事会。a. Put the class into groups. Hand out the 25 questions and ask the learners to choose 8 (or more) which they think are relevant to their class. 将全班分成几组。把25个问题，要求学生选择8个（或更多），他们认为是相关的类。b. Ask each group to put the questions out on the table in front of them and then ask them to get up, circulate, and see which questions other groups have chosen.B .让每一组提出问题出在面前的桌子上，然后问他们起床，循环，和其他群体选择的问题。c. Hand out the answers. Ask the learners to try to match the answers to the questions. C .把答案。要求学生尝试匹配问题的答案。d. Again, get learners circulating to see other ideas, and then discuss the answers to the most useful questions.再，让学习者循环看到其他的想法，并讨论答案的最有用的问题。E. Singing SongsE .演唱的歌曲Using music into education has found to be most effective with young elementary aged children and those with disabilities. Music has had extreme positive influence on school-aged and non-English speaking children learning to read, write, and remember. It is sort of a motivation to learn and do well in school. Music in the classroom must begin with the teacher and end with the student. If teachers plan to integrate their teaching with music, they must find an effective way to do so.使用音乐教育已发现最有效的年轻小学年龄的儿童和残疾人。音乐有了极端的积极影响学龄儿童和非讲英语的儿童学习阅读，写作，和记。这是一种学习的动机和搞好学校。音乐在课堂上要开始和结束的学生老师。如果教师计划整合教学与音乐，他们必须找到一个有效的方式这样做。a. In primary school, more and more teachers are now using songs in their teaching.在小学，越来越多的教师在教学现在使用的歌曲。The value of using songs in the primary English classroom has been widely recognized. Both teachers and learners find songs interesting and relaxing. Using songs in class can often bring a change to the routine procedures of language presentation and practice. Many teachers have realized that songs can serve as magic teaching tools to develop learners language abilities, e.g. in helping learners with learning pronunciation, vocabulary, sentence patterns; in helping pupils memorizations and to develop a natural sense of the language. On the other hand, songs can help teachers create a relaxed, stress-free classroom atmosphere.利用价值的歌曲在小学英语教学中得到了广泛的认可。教师和学生都找到歌曲轻松有趣的。在课堂上使用的歌曲往往能带来改变常规程序语言表达和实践。许多教师已经意识到这首歌作为魔术教学工具，培养学习者的语言能力，例如在帮助学习者学习发音，词汇，句型；帮助学生memorizations和发展意识的自然语言。另一方面，歌曲可以帮助教师创造一个轻松，
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