2012年高考英语《非谓语动词(一)》教案.doc

非谓语动词（一）教案一、教学目标1、非谓语动词的常见考点； 2、如何解非谓语动词的题目；3、非谓语动词的句法功能；4、非谓语动词的形式。二、教学重难点1、教学重点：非谓语动词的常见考点；如何解非谓语动词的题目。2、教学难点：非谓语动词的常见考点。三、教学过程（一）问题排行榜（Hit the charts）1、非谓语动词的常见考点都有哪些？ 2、如何解非谓语动词的题目？3、非谓语动词各有哪些句法功能？4、非谓语动词各有哪些形式？（二）攻克难点（Overcome difficulties）1、非谓语动词各有哪些形式？ 2、非谓语动词各有哪些句法功能？ 3、非谓语动词的常见考点都有哪些？动词不定式一、动词不定式作主语不定式短语作主语时，如果主语较长，往往在句首用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)移到谓语动词之后，形成“it谓语(作主语的)不定式”结构，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。It is my honor _here to spend some time with you.Ato be invited BinvitingCbeing invited Dto invite二、动词不定式作表语 动词不定式可作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，_it more difficult.Anot making Bnot makeCnot to make Dto not make三、动词不定式作宾语 英语中有一部分动词常跟不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：agree同意；fail未能；promise保证；afford承担得起；forget忘记；refuse拒绝；happen碰巧；attempt试图；hesitate犹豫；seek试图；determine决定；prepare准备；pretend假装等。There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.Ato discover Bto be discoveredCdiscovered Dbeing discovered四、动词不定式作宾补1有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：advise劝告；force迫使；instruct指示；ask要求；intend打算要；beg请求；expect期望；invite邀请；forbid禁止；remind提醒；urge激励；order命令；permit允许；teach劝诫；wish希望；persuade说服。动词短语有：call on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for等。We cant count on a man like Jim _us the necessary help.Ato give BgivingCto be given Dgiven2在think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，declare，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常跟“to be形容词(也可以是名词或反身代词)”结构，但在主动语态中to be常可以省去。We sometimes imagine a desert island _a sort of paradise，where the sun always shines.Abe BbeingC不填 Dis3有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们可后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。My parents have always made me _about myself，even when I was twelve.Afeeling well Bfeeling goodCfeel well Dfeel good五、动词不定式作定语1不定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短语后面作定语。His first book _next month is based on a true story.Apublished Bto be publishedCto publish Dbeing published2不定式常放在某些名词或代词后面作定语。不定式作定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。The next train to arrive was from New York.(主谓关系)It was a game to be remembered.(动宾关系)(2011年高考湖南卷)The ability_an idea is as important as the idea itself.Aexpressing BexpressedCto express Dto be expressed六、动词不定式作状语1不定式作原因状语。不定式也可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语。We were astonished _the temple still in its original condition.Afinding Bto findCfind Dto be found2不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。为了加强语气，也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”结构作目的状语。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to较少置于句首。With Fathers Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank _presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought3不定式作结果状语。具体形式如下：“tooadj.adv.to do”意为“太而不能”，“adj.adv.enoughto do”意为“足以”，“only/just to do”表示出乎意料的结果。Do you think you are brave enough _bungee jumping?Atrying Bin tryingCto try Dand try七、“疑问词动词不定式”结构疑问词“what/how/when/where/which动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语、宾语等。As a journalist you should first decide what events _before you make some interviews.Areported Bto reportCto be reported Dreporting动名词 动名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语以及定语，不能作状语，有各种形式的变化。一、动名词作主语动名词可直接放在句首作主语。在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语，而把能用作真正主语的动名词放在后面。it is后可接no use，no good等名词，也可接useless，nice等形容词。In my mind，_that famous university will be the only way to become a world class writer.Aattending BattendedCattend Dhaving attended二、动名词作宾语1有些动词(短语)后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：admit承认；excuse原谅；postpone拖延；practice练习；consider考虑；delay耽搁；imagine想像；deny否认；suggest建议；enjoy喜欢；escape逃避；permit允许等。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有：cant help，feel like，leave off，put off，keep on，give up，look forward to，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth等。The man denied _anything in the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.Ato have stolen Bhaving been stealingChaving stolen Dto steal2在have difficulty(trouble，problem，a hard time，fun，a good time)(in)动名词；be busy(in)动名词；waste time(in)动名词；lose time(in)动名词；there is no point(in)动名词等结构中，动名词作介词in的宾语，in常省去。I had great difficulty _the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.Afind BfoundCto find Dfinding3下列动词后既可接不定式，也可接动名词，但含义不同：forget to do sth.forget doing sth.mean to do sth.mean doing sth.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh，yes. How often I have regretted _his advice!Ato take BtakingCnot to take Dnot taking过去分词与现在分词现在分词在句中可用作表语、定语、状语等。过去分词在句中作定语、状语以及表语，不能作谓语。1分词作表语 现在分词作表语常常表示主语所具有的特质或特征，过去分词作表语多表示主语处于某种状态。通常情况下现在分词译为“令人的”，过去分词译为“某人感到”。In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.Asticking BstuckCto be stuck Dto have stuck2分词作定语(1)现在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。Im calling to enquire about the position _in yesterdays China Daily.Aadvertised Bto be advertisedCadvertising Dhaving advertised(2)分词作后置定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后)和非限制性(用逗号将其与所修饰的中心词分开)两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。So far nobody has claimed the money _in the library.Adiscovered Bto be discoveredCdiscovering Dhaving discovered3分词作宾语补足语常跟分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。(2011年高考浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.Alose BlostCto lose Dhaving lost4分词作状语分词可作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语以及结果状语等。The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already _for a meal to be cooked.Alaid BlayingCto lay Dbeing laid考点透析独立主格结构和with结构在近几年的高考中都有所体现，主要考查其在句中充当时间、条件或在句尾作方式、伴随状语，今后的高考中仍会考查此结构。The guests having left，he began to take a short rest.(独立主格结构表时间) Weather permitting，well go sightseeing.(独立主格结构表条件)All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.(独立主格结构表条件)误区警示一种习惯用法是：在“名词/代词介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词/代词和介词后面的名词没有任何冠词或所有格修饰，也不用with引导。Last night I followed him here and climbed in，sword in hand.独立主格结构也可以由“with名词/代词不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语/分词”构成。With the machine to do all the work，we will finish our task on time. He stared at her，with his mouth open.With his parents away，the boy became naughtier.He stood at the window，with his hands in his pockets.（三）方法列举（List methods）如何解非谓语动词的题目？1、判定题目是否考察非谓语2、非谓语动词题目三步走：（1）非谓语所在分句中没有主语出现，但是非谓语动作需要有逻辑上的依靠，即是逻辑主语。逻辑主语通常是句子主语。（2）考察：非谓语动作与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。（两种情况）（3）考察：非谓语动作与谓语动作之间在时间顺序的先后关系。（三种情况）（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）1. He walked down the hills, _ softly to himself. A. singB. sings C. singingD. was singing2. He walked down the hills, and _ softly to himself. A. singB. sings C. singing D. was singing3. Stop running and you will feel your heart _ faster than ever. A. beat B. beating C. beaten D. was beating4. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _ off her mind. A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken（五）小结（六）课后作业1、复习一遍课堂摘记。2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习。3、复习非谓语动词的常见考点。