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Section Grammar,一、过去分词作定语 1过去分词作定语一般表示动作完成或被动的含义，及物动词的过去分词，既表示完成也表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。 boiled eggs熟鸡蛋(表完成和被动) fallen leaves落叶(只表完成，不表被动),2及物动词的过去分词作定语，与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系，相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，相当于一个主动的用完成时态的句子。 We saw abandoned farms on the way. We saw farms that had been abandoned on the way. 我们在路上看到了废弃的农场。,注意： (1)有些单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。 left(剩下的，剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)。 There is only a little food left.只剩下一点点食品了。,(2)过去分词修饰由some，any，no与body，thing，one构成的合成不定代词以及those时，放在这些词后面，作后置定语。 Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him. 报纸上没有什么报道引起他的兴趣。,4过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别 过去分词(短语)作定语表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前，及物动词的过去分词还表示与被修饰词之间为被动关系；现在分词(短语)作定语表示动作正在进行或与谓语同时发生，与被修饰词之间为主动关系(即主谓关系)。 Have you read the books written by Han Han? 你读过韩寒写的书吗？,二、复习一般过去时 1一般过去时的意义 一般过去时主要用来描述在过去某个时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，动词be有was和were两种形式。构成否定句、疑问句时，一般要借助助动词did，动词be有其独特的疑问及否定形式。,2一般过去时的基本用法 (1)表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。此时常与表示过去时间的状语a moment ago，yesterday，last night，an hour ago，just now，during the night，in 2006，last year，in the Tang Dynasty等连用。,I met Julia last year.我去年遇见了朱丽叶。 Mr Smith came to see you just now. 史密斯先生刚才来找你。 The live football match was broadcast last night. 足球直播是昨天晚上进行的。 The fire broke out during the night.大火发生在夜间。 They lived here for twenty years. 他们过去曾在这里住了二十年。,注意：可以用“used to动词原形”或者“would动词原形”表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 He used to do it.过去他常常这么做。 When I was at school，we would play jokes on little Tom. 我上学的时候，我们常开小汤姆的玩笑。,(2)叙述没有具体过去时间的动作或存在的状态。这种用法中常不带具体的表示过去的时间状语，只用动词的过去形式表达。 I was born in Beijing and went to college in Shanghai. 我出生在北京，在上海上的大学。 I lost all my money on the way back home. 在回家的路上我把所有的钱都弄丢了。 I got up early，washed my face，had a quick breakfast and hurried to school. 我早早起了床，洗完脸，迅速吃完早饭，匆忙上学去了。,(3)表示过去将来的动作。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for her. 艾琳娜说如果我答应等她，她会来的。,.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1Most people_(invite) to the party were famous scientists. 答案： invited 2The man who set fire to the wood soon got_(catch) by the police. 答案： caught,3This famous novel_(write) by Mr Smith is worth reading. 答案： written 4The question_(discuss) yesterday is about pollution. 答案： discussed,5Last Saturday，we ate a nice meal_(cook) by our grandmother. 答案： cooked 6He_(not go) to bed until 12 oclock. 答案： didnt go,7He_(catch) a bad cold last week. 答案： caught 8We_(hold) a basketball match the day before yesterday. 答案： held,9I_(wake)up and_(find) it was eight oclock. 答案： woke；found 10She_(get) up early when she was young. 答案： got,.单项填空 1The washing machine_yesterday doesnt work well. Abeing bought Bbought Cto buy Dto be bought 解析： 句意为：昨天买的洗衣机不好用。bought yesterday作后置定语修饰the washing machine。 答案： B,2My parents often told me “Things_never come again！” Alost Blosing Cto lose Dhave lost 解析： 句意为：失去的东西一去不复返。lost作后置定语修饰things。 答案： A,3Dont use words，expressions，or phrases_only to people with specific knowledge. Abeing known Bhaving been known Cto be known Dknown 解析： known only to people with.作后置定语修饰words，expressions，or phrases。 答案： D,4The computer center，_last year，is very popular among the students in this school. Aopen Bopening Chaving opened Dopened 解析： opened last year是The computer center的后置定语。 答案： D,5The girl student was trembling and there was a_look on her face. Afrightened Bfrightening Cfrightful Dfrighting 解析： 由题干中的the girl student was trembling可知，这位女同学因为受了惊吓而发抖，因此脸上应该是害怕的表情。 答案： A,6I think the boy_by the teacher is Tom. Areferring to Breferred to Cbeing refer to Drefers to 解析： 过去分词短语referred to by the teacher在句中充当后置定语，与其逻辑主语the boy构成动宾关系。若C项改为being referred to也正确。 答案： B,7Many things_impossible in the past are quite common nowadays. Ato consider Bconsidering Cto be considered Dconsidered 解析： considered impossible in the past为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰things，相当于定语从句that/which were considered impossible in the past。 答案： D,8The Chinese people are proud of the success of the 29th Olympic Games_in Beijing in 2008. Ahold Bholding Cheld Dto be held 解析： 由hold与the 29th Olympic Games之间为动宾关系，可排除A、B两项。由句意“成功举办”可知，奥运会已经举办，不定式作定语表将来，排除D。held过去分词作定语，表被动和完成。 答案： C,9China is a_country and we should introduce some science and technology from_countries. Adeveloped；developed Bdeveloping；developed Cdeveloping；developing Ddeveloped；developing 解析： 考查分词作定语。a developing country发展中国家；a developed country发达国家。 答案： B,10There are many_leaves on the ground after the strong wind. Afalling Bfallen Cto be fallen Dhaving fallen 解析： 落在地上的叶子。 答案： B,11I was out of town at the time，so I dont know exactly how it_. Awas happening Bhappened Chappens Dhas happened 解析： 此题考查时态。句意为：那个时间我不在城里，因此我不知道这件事到底是怎么发生的。由句意可知这件事发生的时间与我不在城里为同一时间，故答案应为B。 答案： B,12Jack has gone to New York，I hear. Oh，I wonder when he_. Ahad left Bleaves Cleft Dwas leaving 解析： 考查时态。本题中无时间状语，但根据句意：我听说杰克已经去纽约了。哦，我想知道他是什么时候离开的。可知第二句暗含着对过去时间的询问。 答案： C,13Scientists have many theories about how the universe_into being. Acame Bwas coming Chad come Dwould come 解析： 考查时态。主句的时态是一般现在时，由此可知是在现在叙述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。come into being表示“形成，开始存在”，无被动形式。 答案： A,14Where have you been recently? I_to Hangzhou on business for a week last month. Ahave been Bwent Chad been Dhad gone 解析： 考查时态。由last month可知，去杭州应是过去的事情，而不是现在，也不是过去的过去，因此选B。虽然与for一段时间连用，但是与现在无关，因此用一般过去时态。 答案： B,15When I was young，I_in a faraway village for several years，which is unforgettable. Alived Bhave lived Cwas lived Dhad lived 解析： 时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句也用一般过去时。本题易误选B项，延续性动词可以和时间段连用。 答案： A,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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