鲁教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）D卷

第 1 页 共 11 页 鲁教版 2020 年备战中考初中英语专项训练 阅读理解 科普环保类 D 卷 姓名 班级 成绩 一 阅读理解 共 5 题 共 52 分 1 10 分 阅读理解 Art as we know is subjective What one person considers a priceless masterpiece others might see as nothing more than a giant black square But there s one very specific kind of painting that almost everyone sees the same way the kind with the strange eyes that seem to follow you around the room So what causes this optical illusion 视觉错觉 and how do artists achieve this effect It turns out for even a moderately skilled artist this effect isn t a difficult thing to achieve In fact the artists need to use a little illusion of depth making the person depicted on the canvas appears somewhat 3D on a 2D canvas and to adjust the gaze 凝视 of the eyes so that they would be looking at someone standing right in front of the picture So what exactly is going on here in our brains that then makes it seem like the eyes follow you even if you move away from being front and center As demonstrated by a team of researchers from Ohio State University as you move to the side the near and far points of the 2D image don t really change These near and far points are defined as visible points that if the image was 3D would appear nearest and furthest away from the viewer at a given angle The idea is simple No matter what angle you look at a paining from the painting itself 第 2 页 共 11 页 doesn t change You re looking at a flat surface The key is that the near points and far points of the picture remained the same no matter the angle the picture was viewed from When observing real surfaces in the natural environment the near and far points vary when we change viewing direction When we observe a picture on the wall the visual information that defines near and far points is unaffected by viewing direction Still we willingly accept and interpret the thing in the painting as if it were a real object Thus because the perspective shadows and light on the painting don t change as you move around if the eyes in the painting would be staring directly at the observer who is standing in front of the painting it creates something of an optical illusion in your brain so that the eyes will continue to seem to stare at you as you move to the side In contrast to the eyes following you trick if the artist tweaks the painting a bit for example the artist adjusts the gaze of the eyes so that the eyes are looking off somewhere else instead of directly looking at a potential observer no matter where you stand the eyes will never seem to be looking at you The technique first began popularly showing up in art around the 14th century when the artist and architect Fillipo Brunelleshi introduced the art world to the idea of linear perspective being painting with the idea of everything in the picture converging 聚集 on a specific point on the horizon creating the illusion of depth Linear perspective combined with skilled use of light and shadow allows artists to create masterfully realistic paintings including sometimes of people that stare at you creepily no matter where you stand 1 What s the writer s purpose of writing Paragraph 1 A To lead in the question why staring eyes seem to follow us in a painting B To make a comparison between a priceless masterpiece and a black square C To introduce the topic that the optical illusion can make the painting look real D To prove that people can think alike when they admire a certain kind of painting 2 What can we learn from the passage A The visible points of the image won t change in the natural environment 第 3 页 共 11 页 B The near and far points of a painting are affected by our viewing direction C The viewing direction of viewers can make the image in the painting look teal D The optical illusion in our brain makes us feel the eyes in the painting staring at us 3 The 3rd paragraph is mainly about A who took part in the research B how long the research lasted C what was found in the research D how the research was performed 4 What s the meaning of the underlined word tweak in the passage A change B decorate C move D turn 2 12 分 阅读理解 Climbing Mount Qomolangma the World s highest mountain has now become more difficult The government of Nepal asks climbers to come down the mountain with at least 18 pounds of garbage That s the average amount of garbage a climber leaves behind on Mount Qomolangma Climbers would leave garbage along the way This helps climbers keep their bags light so they would have energy to reach the summit The garbage problem in Mount Qomolangma is not new In 2013 climbers carried down a total of four tons of garbage The new rule came into effect in April of 2014 To make sure it is followed climbers will have to hand in some money to the officials before they climb the mountain When they climb back down the mountain the officials will check them to make sure they bring down the 18 pounds of garbage If they do their money will be given back to them If not climbers won t get their money back 第 4 页 共 11 页 Also the officials won t let these people climb the mountain again 1 The government of Nepal asks climbers of Mount Qomolangma to A take fewer things to the top of the mountain B bring at least 18 pounds of food with them C bring down the garbage left by other climbers D bring down at least 18 pounds of garbage when they come down the mountain 2 Why do climbers leave garbage along the way A Because they want to leave some food for others B Because the garbage can help others find them C Because they want to keep their bags light D Because the garbage can show them how to come down 3 How much garbage was brought down Mount Qomolangma in 2013 A 4 tons B 8 tons C 14 tons D 18 tons 4 Now the climbers have to before they climb Mount Qomolangma A hand in some money to the officials B leave plastic bags behind them C tell the officials when they will come down D tell the officials how many bags they will bring 3 10 分 2018 张家港模拟 阅读理解 第 5 页 共 11 页 Coloring is an activity that children worldwide have long enjoyed With a picture already made for them kids simply chose a crayon pencil or marker of their favorite color and fill it in Today it also becomes more and more popular among teenagers and even adults who are enjoying relaxing hours of coloring In December five of the top ten best selling books in the United States were coloring books They are fun but are coloring books good for you The good feedback 反馈 from customers is encouraging Trina Lucida a popular artist creating coloring books says that many of her customers are buying the coloring books for others who are sick or going through a hard time She adds that the big idea behind her latest book is to encourage people to do something creative Lucida is right according to Allan Rohan a psychology 心理学 professor Many customers think of coloring books as a new creative stage he said in an interview but what s more important is that people spend time coloring in order to reduce stress after a long day Research shows that coloring can reduce stress by guiding people to focus on 专注 one simple task When a person is filling in a flower with a light purple color he focuses on the flower and forgets about all his troubles in life Experts add that coloring may relieve a certain kind of pain Doing the coloring helps people relax their mind and calm down Also coloring helps people s brain in a healthy way The shape of the drawing makes one side of the brain active while the color of the drawing improves the other Coloring can bring out your imagination and take you back to your childhood Interesting isn t it It s very relaxing said Susan Jackson a big fan of Lucida s coloring books Coloring frees my mind And it s not just to try to fill blank 空白的 pages The pictures make me happy and there is just something about them So I m saving the pictures I like best to the very end 第 6 页 共 11 页 1 Trina Lucida wants her coloring books to A encourage people to be creative B be one of the best sellers C let people enjoy relaxing hours D help develop their friendship 2 Why can coloring reduce stress A Because it brings out imagination B Because it shows the beauty of nature C Because it helps people to be more focused D Because it can take people back to childhood 3 What does the underlined word relieve mean A reduce B separate C drive D balance 4 10 分 根据材料内容 选择正确答案 D Look up in the sky Do you see any clouds What do they look like Some clouds are fluffy 绒毛 状的 and white like cotton balls Others are dark almost black and make you hold an umbrella At sunrise and sunset clouds can look red purple or yellow as if they were colored with crayons But what are clouds anyway You can t reach out and touch the clouds but you can make your own in a bottle You need 第 7 页 共 11 页 an adult helper a huge empty glass jar a metal strainer 过滤器 hot water ice Do these Step1 Have your helper fill the jar with hot water leave it there for two minutes then pour out most of the water Leaving just an inch or two at the bottom of the jar Step2 It s your turn put the strainer over the mouth of the jar fill the strainer with ice Watch the jar What happened A cloud formed in the jar Some of the hot water at the bottom of the jar turned into hot water vapor 蒸汽 The water vapor rose and met with the cold air coming off the ice When the water vapor condensed it formed a cloud Hot air rises and carries with it lots of water vapor the higher the air rises the more it cools down Soon the cold air can t hold all the water vapor so it starts turning into tiny water drops and becomes a cloud 1 This text mostly about A the weight of a cloud B what makes a cloud C the colour of clouds D why clouds are fluffy 2 What do you need for Step 1 第 8 页 共 11 页 A A jar B A strainer C Ice D Crayons 3 The main purpose of the last paragraph is to show A the importance of the experiment B the reason of the experiment C the result of the experiment D the steps of the experiment 5 10 分 2017 九上 哈尔滨期中 阅读理解 Are you bored with your mobile phone Is it too heavy Does it take too long to send and receive text message If your answer is Yes then read on EXIT introduces you to the latest mobile phone in town the Speed Set 12000 It has over 30 features 特点 and weighs less than 130 grams It is designed in Italy and made in India It has a special gold button at the front that allows you to take pictures while you are talking That s right you can now talk and take pictures at the same time The Speed Set 1200 is even more convenient to use than the Speed Set 1001 Like the Speed Set 1001 it has voice mail and caller show function but the 1200 model has a bigger memory so you can send and receive longer voice mails Not only that the newer model recognizes the voice mails so it can tell you who the caller is Also the Speed Set 1200 has a more powerful battery so you can recharge 充电 faster With this model it only takes you thirty minutes to recharge The Speed Set 1200 has been already widely used in Asia and Europe It is very popular with students and business people as it has an Internet function that allows you to get information about news sports and entertainment in just a few seconds 第 9 页 共 11 页 In the past mobile phones were widely used to keep in touch with other people but with the new Speed Set 1200 you can not only use it as a phone but also use it as a mini computer So if you are thinking of getting a new mobile phone choose the Speed Set 1200 It s not just a phone It s also a computer At 2800 yuan it s the cheaper mini computer in town 1 The underlined word entertainment in the passage means in Chinese A 娱乐 B 玩笑 C 积木 2 The Speed Set 1200 is better than the Speed Set 1001 because A it has voice mail and caller show functions B it has a bigger memory C it doesn t need to recharge at all 3 The Speed Set 1200 is also like a A computer B TV set C oven 4 Which of the following is true A The Speed Set 1200 is difficult for students to use B The Speed Set 1200 needs a bigger battery and it uses more time to recharge C The Speed Set 1200 can be used as a mini computer 5 What s the passage mainly about A It is mainly about the differences between the Speed Set 1200 and 1001 B It is mainly about a new kind of mobile phone 第 10 页 共 11 页 C It is mainly about a cheaper mobile phone 第 11 页 共 11 页 参考答案 一 阅读理解 共 5 题 共 52 分 1 答案 略 2 答案 略 3 答案 略 4 答案 略 5 答案 略