名词专项练习.doc

名词专项练习1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：在单数名词词尾加s。如：map maps,boy boys,horse horses, table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, heroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches.注：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photophotos, pianopianos.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives.2、不规则变化：manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep,toothteeth, fishfish, childchildren, oxoxen, goosegeese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk. 3、名词所有格：1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息),Chinas population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).2、注解： s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunts(我阿姨家), the doctors(诊所) 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、 集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)9、用bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)11、eitheror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)13、主语中含有half of / (three quarters)of / all (of) the .等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句) 但是,population一词又有特殊情况： Whats the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)5、部分名词用法辨析：1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league match(联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛) 2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的) 4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音) 5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)一、选择填空( ) 1. I want something to eat. Please give me a _.A. book B. watch C. shirt D. cake( ) 2. - Whats the _ like today? - Cloudy.A. sky B. air C. land D. weather( ) 3. Which is the _ to the bus stop, please?A. road B. way C. street D. address( ) 4. _ that pair of new _ Marys?A. Is, shoe B. Are, shoe C. Is, shoes D. Are, shoes( ) 5. Im very thirsty. May I have _, please?A. two cups of teas B. two cups of tea C. two cup of teas D. two cup of tea( ) 6. March 8 is _ Day.A. Womans B. Womans C. Woman of D. Womens( ) 7. We should keep our _ clean.A. tooth B. tooths C. toothes D. teeth( ) 8. There are _ workers in the factory.A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of( ) 9. Wu Dong won the girls _ race in the school sports meeting last week.A. 100 metres B. 100-metres C. 100 metre D. 100-metre( ) 10. How many _ can you see in the picture?A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato( ) 11. Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city, but she had no _.A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time( ) 12. _ foreigners visit the Great Wall every year.A. Thousands of B. Thousand C. Thousands D. Thousand of( ) 13. Where are the students? They are in _.A. the Room 8 B. Room 8 C. the 8 Room D. 8 Room( ) 14. Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news( ) 15. - I feel tired. I have so much work to do and dont have much time for myself.- You should take _, I think.A. health B. exercise C. lesson D. time( ) 16. Can you see a little _ in the picture?A. sheep B. dogs C. pigs D. horses( ) 17. There are _ on the table.A. a glass of water B. a glass of milk C. two glasses of water D. a glass of oranges( ) 18. The sing “BUSINESS HOURS” can be seen in a _.A. shop B. school C. park D. museum( ) 19. Ask the boy not to make any _. I cant fall asleep.A. voice B. sound C. noise D. singing( ) 20. Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident.A. person, life B. people, lives C. peopeles, lives D. persons, life( ) 21. The_ are going to fly to Harbin.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans( ) 22. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen, Germans B. German, Frenchmen C. Frenchmans, Germen D. Germans, Frenchmans( ) 23. - Please help me move the table in. - But there is not enough _ for it.A. place B. floor C. room D. ground( ) 24. Look, these _ eating grass on the hill.A. sheep is B. sheeps is C. sheep are D. sheeps are( ) 25. My father told me _ just now.A. two piece of news B. two pieces of news C. two news D. two pieces of newses( ) 26. May 1 is _ Day.A. the Work Peoples B. the Working people C. the Working Peoples D. the Workers( ) 27. The _ eat a lot of rice.A. Japanese B. Japan people C. people of Japanese D. Japaneses( ) 28. Here come three _.A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. woman teachers D. women teachers( ) 29. _ turn green in spring.A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs( ) 30. Tables are made of _.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods二、写出下列名词的复数形式1. watch _ 2. tooth _ 3. German _4. brush _ 5. box _ 6. knife _7. story _ 8. sheep _ 9. child _10. Japanese _ 11. zero _ 12. mouth _13. foot _ 14. tomato _ 15. American_16. man-doctor _三、用所给的名词的适当形式填空1. Look! There are a lot of _ (leaf) on the ground.2. There are a few _ (people) in the room.3. I want two _ (glass) of _ (milk).4. I have a lot of _ (money) in my pocket.5. People wear shoes on their _ (foot).6. The _ (woman) teachers are playing basketball.7. There are some _ (dumpling) on the plate.8. Tom is at the _ (doctor).9. Can you tell us the differences between buildings and _ (house).10. The first room is the _ (teacher) office.11. Those _ (child) are playing football outside.12. The doctor has saved a lot of _ (life).13. There are five _ (pear) trees in the yard.14. This isnt my book, but my _ (brother).15. There are some _ (sheep) in the field.四、将下列短语译成英语：1、露茜的妈妈 _ 2、今天的报纸_3、长城 _ 4、宇宙的知识_5、世界地图 _ 6、一块面包 _7、四年三班 _ 8、生日礼物 _9、儿童读物 _ 10、中国的首都_11、世界人口 _ 12、三箱苹果 _13、吉姆的一张照片 _ 14、成千上万棵树_15、星期天的早晨 _ 16、步行二十分钟的路程_17、一张教室的图画 _ 18、一年中最热的季节_19、两杯牛奶 _ 20、2003年的春天_