2015高考英语二轮课件阅读第一章第一节事实细节题的解题技巧.ppt

第二篇阅读第一节事实细节题的解题技巧 1 WhichofthefollowingisNOTincluded mentionedinthepassage 2 Whichofthefollowing sentences statements isNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage 3 Accordingtothepassage allofthefollowingareTRUEexcept but 4 TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT 一 常见的设问形式 5 Inthepassage theauthorstatesthat 6 Accordingtothepassage when where why how who etc 1 描写类细节题 2 数据计算题 3 排序题 4 信息寻找 广告阅读题 5 图文转换题 6 表格理解题 二 常见题型 1 语意转换 细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇 常常使用一些同义词 近义词或反义词 双重否定 因而在解题时要注意语意转换 2 设题顺序 一般来说 题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致 如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前 三 设题方式 3 设题干扰项 1 正误并存 部分正确 部分错误 2 扩大或缩小范围 是原文信息 但不是题干要求 3 偷换概念 符合常识 但不是文章的内容 4 以偏概全 与原句的内容极其相似 但在程度 态度 褒贬色彩上有变动 5 无中生有 明显不是文章的信息 与文章事实不符或相反 1 迅速定位 缩小范围 通过寻读法 scanning 用题干中的关键词在文中搜索 迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置 缩小阅读范围 2 理解其意 对照选项 在找到关键词句后 要仔细阅读 准确理解 对照选项 看哪个选项的意思与之最接近 3 排除干扰 选出答案 在作出选择的过程中 要善于辨别真伪 排除干扰 不断缩小范围 选出正确答案 四 解题步骤 注意 解题时要留意否定词 如果题干中含有否定意义的词 如NOT EXCEPT等 应特别留心 在解答排序题时 可采用 首尾定位法 即先找到第一个动作和最后一个动作 缩小范围以便能迅速选出正确答案 例1TuitionFees 学费 Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment generallyfrom 5 000to 6 000ayear Forfurtherinformation tui waikato ac nz Accommodation 住宿 Youcanhavearoomina4 bedroomflat whichwillcostabout 100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout 150amonthforoneperson Forfurtherinformation acc waikato ac nz 五 典例精析 Youhavetopayatleast ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato A 5 250B 8 000C 9 000D 11 000 数据计算题 本篇是介绍Waikato大学的广告 从 TuitionFees 学费 Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment generallyfrom 5 000to 6 000ayear 和 Accommodation 住宿 You B canhavearoomina4 bedroomflat whichwillcostabout 100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout 150amonthforoneperson 可知 在那儿学习一年的费用是 5 000 学费 100 住宿费 12 months 150 生活费 12 months 8 000 例2Peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists Onceatthestore ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem 系统 thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore Ifyou relookingfortoothpicks youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem Thedevicesalsokeepsarecordofwhatyoubuy Whenyou vefinished thedevicefiguresoutyourbill Thenyougotothecheckerorplaceyourcardintoaself checkoutstandandpay Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcard a Startthesystem b Makeashoppinglist c Findthethingsyouwant d Gotoaself checkoutstand A abdcB bacdC acbdD bcad B 排序题 由第一段第一句话可知第一件事是makeashoppinglist 去到商店后 startthesystem 根据指引 youcanfindthem 最后去结账 故顺序为bacd 本题也可采用排除法 c和d是相邻且为先后的顺序 故排除A C D 本题还可结合自己的购物常识进行快速判断 例3Intheanimalkingdom weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme pourcreamintomycoffee orhelpmetoputonmycoat AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy Frommywheelchairexperience Iseethebestinpeople butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily Theydon tgettoseethissoftsideofothers Often wetryeverypossiblewaytoavoidshowingourweakness whichincludesalotofpretending Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat sinthem 1 Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen A theyoffertheirhelpB theyreceiveothers helpC theyfeelothers kindnessD theyshowtheirweakness 事实细节题 由第一段最后一句可知 关键是理清该句中的it 它指的是前文中的 thekindnessinpeople 其具体行为是 peopleholddoorsforme pourcreamintomycoffee orhelpmetoputonmycoat 人们的这些行为概括起来 就是theyoffertheirhelp 故选A 文中信息与选项表述的关系是具体与概括的关系 A 2 Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause A hehasasoftheartB hereliesmuchonothersC somepeoplepretendtobekindD somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers 事实细节题 由第二段第一句but后的内容可知 D选项中用somepeople代替了文中 thosewhoappearindependent 用failtosee代替了文中的miss D 3 Whatdoestheunderlinedword it referto A Animalkingdom B Weakness C Aggressivebehavior D Kindness 意义猜测 it指代前面的thekindnessinpeople D 例4Inaworldwithlimitedland waterandothernaturalresources 资源 theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise Actually thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable 可持续的 ways Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts Inotherwords weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat A itmakestheworldwarmerB itconsumesnaturalresourcesC itbringsseveredamagetoforestsD itmakesgrowthhardtocontinue 事实细节解 根据 thepastdecadeshasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm 可知 传统经济发展模式的危害是使全球气候变暖 不能持续发展 给未来发展造成损失 B不选 过度使用自然资源才是有害的 B 阅读下列文段 从题后所给的A B C 和D项中选出最佳选项 一 Mothers doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy sbloodsugarlevellies Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed Inthisstate thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth 即学即练 AccordingtotheParagraph onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels A sickB upsetC sleepyD hungry 事实细节题 由该段最后一句 Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth 可知 hungry是searchingforfood的近义替换 D 二 WhenFridaKahlo spaintingswereonshowinLondon apoetdescribedherpaintingsas aribbon 丝带 aroundabomb SuchcommentsseemtosuggestKahlohadabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime Sadly sheisactuallyamuchbiggernametodaythanshewasduringhertime Bornin1907inavillagenearMexicoCity Kahlosufferedfrompolio 小儿麻痹症 attheageofseven Herspine 脊柱 becamebentasshegrewolder Then in1925 herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschool busaccident Throughouttherestofherlife theartisthadmanyoperations butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback However theaccidenthadanunexpectedsideeffect Whilelyinginherbedrecovering Kahlotaughtherselftopaint In1929 shegotmarriedtoDiegoRivera anotherfamousMexicanartist Rivera sstronginfluenceonKahlo sstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks butherlaterworksfromthe1940s knowntodayasherbestworks showlessinfluencefromherhusband Unfortunately herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand1940s eveninherhomecountry Herfirstone womanshowinMexicowasnothelduntil1953 Formorethanadecadeafterherdeathin1954 Kahlo sworksremainedlargelyunnoticedbytheworld butinthe1970sherworksbegantogaininternationalfameatlast 1 TheterriblepainKahlosufferedwascausedby A polioB herbentspineC backinjuriesD theoperationshehad 事实细节题 根据第二段 herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinashool busaccident butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback 可知选C C 2 Kahlo sstylehadbecomeincreasinglyindependentsincethe A 1930sB 1940sC 1950sD 1970s 事实细节题 根据第三段 butherlaterworksfromthe1940s knowntodayasherbestworks showlessinfluencefromherhusband 可知选B B 三 Thevalue packed all inclusivesight seeingpackagethatcombinesthebestofSydney sharbour city bayandbeachhighlights ASydneyPassgivesyouunlimitedandflexibletravelontheExplorerBuses The red SydneyExplorershowsyouaroundourexcitingcitysightswhilethe blue BondiExplorervisitsSydneyHarbourbaysandfamousbeaches Taketothewaterononeofthreemagnificentdaily harbourcruises 游船 YoucanalsotravelfreeonregularSydneyBuses SydneyFerriesorCityRailservices limitedarea soyoucangotoeverycornerofthisbeautifulcity ImaginebrowsingatDarlingHarbour samplingthefamousseafoodatWatsonsBayorenjoyingthecitylightsonaneveningferrycruise ThepossibilitiesandplansareendlesswithaSydneyPass Whereveryoudecidetogo rememberthatbookingsarenotrequiredonanyofourservicessoticketsaretreatedonafirstin firstseatedbasis SydneyPassesareavailablefor3 5or7daysforuseovera7calendardayperiod Witha3or5daypassyouchooseonwhichdaysoutofthe7youwanttouseit AllSydneyPassesincludeafreeAirportExpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3 5or7days andthereturntripisvalid 有效的 for2monthsfromthefirstdayyourticketwasused SydneyPassFares Achildisdefinedasanyonefromtheagesof4yearstounder16years Childrenunder4yearstravelfree Afamilyisdefinedas2adultsandanynumberofchildrenfrom4tounder16yearsofagefromthesamefamily 1 ASydneyPassdoesn tofferunlimitedrideson A theExplorerBusesB theharbourcruisesC regularSydneyBusesD CityRailservices 事实细节题 根据第二段最后一句话 CityRailservices limitedarea 可知 这个旅行游览项目是不提供无限制乘坐的 D 2 WithaSydneyPass atravellercan A savefaresfromandtotheairportB taketheSydneyExplorertobeachesC enjoythefamousseafoodforfreeD reserveseatseasilyinarestaurant 事实细节题 根据第四段 afreeAirportExpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3 5or7days andthereturntripisvalidfortwomonthsfromthefirstdayyourticketisused 可知答案为A A 3 If5 dayticketsweretoberecommendedtoamotherwhotravelledwithhercolleagueandherchildren aged3 6and10 whatwouldthelowestcostbe A 225 B 330 C 360 D 420 数据计算题 计算票价花费 成年人每人 120 两个成年人为 240 3岁的孩子免费 所以两个孩子费用是 120 总共花费是 360 C 四 It severywhere Indoors advertisingisinmagazinesandnewspapers ontelevision andevenpoppinguponcomputerscreensoutdoors advertisingmeansbillboards Theyareintrainstationsandonthesidesofbuildings Theyarealonghighwaysinthecountryside Billboardswereoncelargepaintedsignsthaturgedcustomerstobuyanythingfromfriedchickentodishsoap Nowadaysbillboardsarehigh techdevicesthatadvertisetheproductsofthemodernworld fromcellularphoneservicetoperfume Billboardshavechangedalongwithtechnology Originallypainteddirectlyontowoodenboardsorthesidesofbuildings billboardswerefirstimprovedbyattachinglargeprintedvinylstripstoastructuretoformanadvertiser smessage Later mechanicalbillboardsweredevelopedwhichcoulddisplaythreedifferentimages Asoneimagechangedtothenext themovementcaughttheeyeofanyonepassingby Morerecently electronictechnologyhasproducedback litbillboardswhichshinealightthroughanimageprintedonasheetofplastic anddigitalbillboardsthatcandisplayhugeimagessimilartothoseonatelevisionscreen Thelatesttrendinbillboardsisinteractivity InBelgium abillboardthatlookedlikeapinballmachinehadpeopleonthestreetusingtextmessagingtoansweraquestionthebillboardsenttotheircellphones Iftheyansweredcorrectly theyhadachancetowinanewcar InJapan somebillboardsfeatureQR QuickResponse codes anewerversionofbarcodes whichcanbereadbyspeciallyprogrammedcameracellphones WhenapersontakesapictureofabillboardwithaQRcode theadvertiser s websiteappearsontheirphone AbillboardinNewYork sTimesSquareletspeopleonthestreetplayavideogameusingtheircellphones andahugedigitalsigninLondon sPiccadillyCircusrespondswhensomeonewavesatitanddisplaysdifferentimagesdependingontheweather Billboardsdonotalwaysgetapositivereaction however ThelargenumberofbillboardsalongAmericanhighwaysledtotheHighwayBeautificationActof1965 Thisgroupoflawsaimedto preservethescenicbeautyofthecountrysideaswellasthesafetyofpeopledrivingincarsbylimitingthenumberandlocationofbillboards InAthens Greece cityofficialsorderedtheremovalofhundredsofdowntownbillboardsbeforethe2004OlympicGamesinanefforttorestorethecity shistoricalbeauty Billboardsmaybeafavouriteofadvertisers butnoteveryonewantstolookatthem 1 Wherewillyouprobablynotseeabillboard A Onabuilding B Inthecountryside C Inamagazine D Inatrainstation 事实细节题 第一段 Theyareintrainstationsandonthesidesofbuildings Theyarealonghighwaysinthecountryside 可知选C C 2 Whichtypeofbillboardistheoldest A Adigitalbillboard B Apaintedbillboard C Amechanicalbillboard D Aprintedbillboard 事实细节题 根据第二段 Originallypainteddirectlyontowoodenboards 可知选B B 3 Whichbillboardcouldpeoplewithoutacellphoneinteractwith A TheoneinBelgium B TheoneinJapan C TheoneinNewYork D TheoneinLondon 事实细节题 第三段倒数第一句讲到在伦敦的PiccadillyCircus的一个巨大的数字符号依靠天气产生相互作用 D 4 WhywerebillboardsinAthensremovedbeforethe2004OlympicGames A Thebillboardsweretooold B Thebillboardscouldnotberemovedduringthegames C Theadvertisersdidnotwanttosupportthegames D ThegovernmentwanteddowntownAthenstolookbetter 事实细节题 最后一段倒数第二句 restorethecity shistoricalbeauty 说明是政府希望雅典市中心看起来更好 D