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BOOK4 Module 1.1. have no alternative but (=have no choice but to do) 除外别无选择; 只要alternative energy 可代替能源an alternative plan 替代方案2. load with sth. 给 装某物load the truck with coal 给汽车装上煤3. be on fire 着火(强调状态)catch fire 失火(强调动作,无被动语态)set fire to sth 放火烧某物4. command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事command that (that从句中要用should+动词原形, should可省略)5. free of charge 免费,不花钱in charge of 负责，管理in the charge of 由负责；在掌管之下charge sb. money for sth. 因收某人钱take charge of 负责管理,负责照顾be charged with 充满charge sb. with 因控告某人6. attach sth to sth 把某物固定/附在某物上attach oneself to 参加;和在一起,缠着be attached to 连在上; 附属于.; 系在上attach importance/value to sth.认为某事很重要/有价值7. for sure 肯定地,有把握地8. sb. is sure to do sth 某人一定/肯定做某事be sure + that-clause 确信,相信make sure of /about sth 确保make sure + that-clause 确保9. sb. run out of sth 某人用完了某东西sth. run out 某物用完了(没有了)run out 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态10. rely on/upon 依靠,信赖;取决于rely on it that 指望.,对不怀疑rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事11. get rid of =ridof 摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭12. with + 复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态)with+宾语+副词with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生)with+宾语+介词短语13. place an order 订购14. carry out an operation 做手术carry out 实施，执行，实现，完成15. be optimistic about .对乐观的be optimistic that 对.乐观16. in shape 处于良好状态,在形状上in the shape of 以.形状;呈形out of shape 变形,走样17. look out of 向外看look out！ 小心，当心Watch out! ; Be careful!Take care!18. for a start 首先to start with = to begin with 首先, 第一19. from the start = from the beginning 从开头, 从开始20. on the way out 即将被淘汰; 即将过时on the way n./pron./to doing 即将,来到,接近21. canttoo或nevertoo “不可能太.”,“再怎么.也不过分”22. Not all=Allnot 并非所有的23. would like to do sth 愿意、想要做某事would like sb to do sth 想要、希望某人做某事would like sth 想要某物24. be used to do sth 被用来做某事be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事used to do sth 过去常常做某事25. throw away 扔掉Module 21. be on display 展览be on show be on exhibition 2. permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事3. provide/supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物provide/supply sth for sb 4. sth impress sb 某物给某人留下影响sb be impressed by impress sth on sb 使某人铭记= impress sb with sthsth is impressed on ones mind某事被印在脑海里have/leave/make/ a impression on sb 给某人留下的印象5. be convenient to sb 对某人方便It is convenient for sb 对某人方便It is convenient to do sth 做某事方便be convenient for sth 对某事方便6. get around 到处旅游;四处走动；(消息)传开；说服(sb.);回避,逃避（sth.）7. be connected to/with 与.相连, 接通8. be stuck in 被困在 , 动不了9. get dressed 穿衣get washed 洗脸get lost 迷路get married 结婚get charged 充电get separated 被分散10. in no time 马上,一会儿on time 按时in time 及时11. once upon a time 从前12. at the same time 与此同时at one time 曾经, 一度,从前有个时期at no time 决不,在任何时候都不13. be worth doing 值得做.be worth + n. = be worthy of + nsth. is worth doing = sth is worthy of being done = sth is worthy to be done 14. “祈使句 + and +简单句”可以改为if条件句Think hard, and youll have an idea. 使劲想，你就会有主意。= ?15. “祈使句 + or +简单句”也可以改为if条件句Listen to me, or you wont understand. = ?16. under construction 正在建设之中17. be limited to 局限于.18. in rush hours 处于交通高峰期19. react to 对产生反应react with sth. 与某物起（化学）反应20. occur to sb (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中, 被想起,被想到it occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到It occurs to sb that21. have sth done 请别人做某事22. keep cool 保持冷静keep quiet 保持安静keep still 不动keep silent 保持沉默23. no way 肯定不, 没门儿 （用于句首时，句子要倒装）24. switch off 关上(电灯、电源等)；断掉(电源)25. suffer from 遭受（痛苦或困难等）；经受Module 31. vary in 在方面不同vary fromto 从.到变化vary with 随着.而变化,因.而不同2. involve sb in(doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事involve oneself in 积极参与be/get involved in 被卷入到.之中3. more than 不仅仅more than 100 = over 100 , 超过100more than surprised 十分/非常 吃惊more than 与其说不如说(强调前者)He was more an artist than a writer.4. on guard (保持)警惕;值班,站岗on holiday 度假on leave 休班on duty 值班5. hold up 举起,抬起,承受住,支撑；阻挡，延误hold back 阻挡；抑制hold on 等会儿, 坚持hold down 限制；压缩hold out 伸出；提供机会6. give away 失去；暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠give off 发出(烟、光、热、气味等)give out 发出;放出(消息、声音等);用完,耗尽7. mind reader 能看透别人心思的人8. make a deal 达成协议,做成交易a great deal of 大量的 (只修饰不可数名词)deal with 处理；和打交道9. communicate with sb 和某人交流10. be busy with sth 忙于某事11. shake hands with sb 和某人握手12. stare at sb/sth 注视着某人/某物stare into the distance 凝视着远方13. request sb to do sth 要(请)求某人做某事request sth of/from sb 向某人请求某事request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事14. make a request for 要求.at the request of sb 应某人的请求= at sbs requestby request (of) 按要求15. do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙ask sb a favour 请某人帮个忙in favour of 支持，赞成do sb a favor = do a favor for sb 帮某人的忙16. lift up 举起;太高;吊起17. up and down 上上下下up and down 前前后后= back and forth= backwards and forwardsup and down 处处= here and thereup and down 来来往往= to and from18. by accident 偶然地,无意地by chance 碰巧，凑巧19. point out或 point out 指出20. spread 张开，展开(及物动词)；传播，流传(不及物动词)21. panic vi.&n. 恐慌，惊慌panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事in (a) panic 陷入恐慌Module 41. experiment with sth. 用某物实验experiment on sth. 对某物进行实验2. carry outperformconduct an experiment 做实验domake 3. make a breakthrough 取得重大突破(进展)4. convert A into/to B 把A转换成B5. take the place of = replace 取代,代替in place of 取代,代替(介词短语)instead of 代替,而不是(介词短语)6. a quantity of + 不可数名词,谓语动词用单数quantities of+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数quantities of+不可数名词,谓语动词用复数7. bring up 抚育;教养,呕吐,提出(话题等)bring sb up to be/as培养某人成为bring sb up to do sth培养某人做某事bring out 出版；显现；生产bring down 降低bring about 导致,引起bring back 归还;恢复;回想bring in 赚(钱);带进;传入8. search for 寻找search sb/sp 搜查某人或某地in search of 寻求/寻找9. as a result of 由于.的结果as a result 因此,结果10. owing to thanks to 由于due to because of 11. the key to 的关键the answer to the question 问题的答案notes to the text 课文注释an end to the meeting 会议的结束the entrance to the building 大厦的入口12. export sth to 出口某物到13. the second most important 第二重要的14. be interested in 对感兴趣15. graduate from. 从.(地方)毕业16. escape from (out of)+sp. 从某地逃脱;逃走escape from reality 逃避现实have a narrow escape 九死一生a fire escape 紧急出口;安全门17. clear up (天气)放晴;整理;收拾；消除(疑虑，误会等)18. be known for 因.而出名/闻名be known as 以而知名,著称be known to 为所知19. earn ones living 谋生 = make a living get/gain a living 谋生比较：live/lead alife 过着.的生活20. come to power 掌权;执政take power 取得政权in power 当权,执政out of ones power 不能胜任,力所不及= beyond ones power21. It is possible that. 可能 Its certain that. 一定.=sb/sth is certain to do Its certain that youll succeed. = ?Its likely that 可能.=sb/sth is likely to do Its likely that he is doing his homework. = ？It seems that 好像=sb/sth seems to do It seems that he knows the secret. =? 35. at war 在交战中36. be diagnosed with 被诊断出, 患有37. become the voice of 成为的代言人38. partly because of 一部分因为39. figure 作名词时，意为”数字；数量；金额，价格；人物”;作动词时，意为”计算；想到”figure out 计算出；弄懂；领会，理解figure in 包括，算进去 Module 51. surround sb with sb 用某人包围某人be surrounded by sb 被某人所包围in the surrounding 在周围环境2. a narrow escape 九死一生3. in the distance 在远处,在远方from a distance 从一定距离,从远处at a distance 在一定距离处,隔一段距离keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人保持距离4. at the edge of 在的边缘（侧重于在边 缘点上） on the edge of 在边缘上（侧重在边缘较广阔的地域）5. at least = at the least 至少6. not in the least = not all 一点也不7. at most = at the most 至多8. arrive at/in 到达9. be to do sth (表示将来,按计划或安排)要做某事; (应该或必须)做某事10. wish的用法：(1)wish （sb）to do sth; (2)wish +虚拟语气(表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去式did/were; 表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时-haddone)不可：hope sb. to do sth11. be heavy with 有大量的12. make a detour 绕道而行13. have four weeks off 休四周假14. go through 穿过;经历15. forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth 禁止做某事forbid sb (from )doing sth 禁止某人做某事sb is forbidden to do sth.forbid sth 禁止,不允许16. require to do sth 要求去做某事require sb to do sth 要求某人去做某事sb. be required to do sth 某人被要求做某事require that sb (should) do sth 要求某人做某事sth require doing 某物需要被做= sth require to be done17. (be )on a/the spot 在现场,当场spot 动词时， “看出，认出”spot sb/sthspot sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事spot that18. rip off 敲竹杠;敲诈rip sth off 偷窃,盗取19. get a kick out of 从中得到乐趣20. enjoy doing 喜欢干.21. be fond of 喜欢.go in for 爱好,从事22. get off 出发，离开某地，下车（船）23. mainly 主要地；大部分地24. trade 动词，“做生意”trade with 与做交易trade for 用交换trade in sth. 经营25. narrow 作动词时，意为“(使)变窄;压缩”26. 倒装句。表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，位于动词是be,lie,stand,exit时，常用倒装结构。27. in ones view 在某人看来in view of 鉴于，考虑到out of view 看不见，在视野之外come into view 进入视野28. naturally 自然地，天生地Module 61. attack sb with sth 用某物攻击某人be attacked with a disease 患/害病make an attack on/upon 对发动攻击a heart attack 心脏病突发2. come into existence 开始存在;形成;成立a struggle for existence 生存竞争3. calm down (使)安静下来4. sb. is unlikely to 某人不可能It is unlikely that 不可能be likely to. 可能5. be close to 与靠近的（亲密的）6. be related to 与有关,与有联系relate sth to sth 把.与联系起来7. frighten sb. into doing sth.用恐吓手段使某人做某事frighten sb out of doing sth 吓得某人不敢做某事be frightened to do 害怕去做某事8. leave 离开，留下，使或让（某人/某物）处于某种状态或某地9. There happens to be 碰巧有There appears to be 似乎有There seems to be 好像有10. sceptical 怀疑的 sceptically 怀疑地11. support n.&vt. 支持；拥护support oneself 自立谋生support ones family 养家support ones opinion 支持某人的想法12. have the fortune (luck) to do sth 幸好(幸运)做某事13. make a fortune 发财try ones fortune 碰碰运气14. die out (家族、物种)灭绝;灭亡;(习俗等)渐渐消失；(火)逐渐熄灭15. throw light on 帮助弄清楚;阐明某事come to light 暴露,被发现,表现出来bring to light 让人知道,公布于世16. come straight to the point 谈正题;开门见山beside/off the point 不切正题,无关紧要to the point 切题,中肯be on the point of 正要17. go for 适用于,应用于;喜欢,偏爱18. adapt oneself to 使自己适应于be adapted to 适应adapt for 为改编;使适应adapt from 根据改编be adapted for 被改编19. according to 根据20. be connected with 与.有关系21. in order to = so as to 为了22. (be) due to 由于，因造成，相当于because of, owing to, as a result of23. cover 作动词时，（1）覆盖，be covered with/by（2）占(面积)；(3)足以支付，够付；（4）行走（一段路程）;(5)报道；（6）包括，涉及作名词时，（1）（书刊）的封面，封皮；（2）覆盖物，遮掩物，套子，罩子；（3）躲避出，庇护所 本模块重点语法一 情态动词 + have + p.p. 用法归纳1. must have done sth. 肯定做了某事(表示对过去的某事做出肯定的判断) He knew the film. He must have seen it.2. may/might have done 可能/大概已经做了某事 （表示对过去情况的可能性推测） Tom may have bought a new pen because I dont see the old one.3. cant/ couldnt have done sth. 不可能已经做了某事 （表示对过去情况的否定性推测） The ground is dry, so it cant have rained last night.4. should have done sth. 过去应该做某事（而没做）= ought to have done sthYou are late. You should have come 1 minute earlier.5. shouldnt have done sth. 过去不该做某事（却做了）= oughtnt to have done sth. She is crying. You shouldnt have told her the sad news.6. could have done sth. 本来能够做（却没有做某事） 7. neednt have done sth. 原来不必做某事（却已经做了） Tom has bought a new pen. You neednt have lent him your pen.8. would rather have done sth.本来想做某事（却未做成） I would rather have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.二、情态动词表推测的其他用法1、情态动词 + 动词原形 表示对现在或将来情况的推测2、情态动词 + be doing 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测3、情态动词 + have been doing 表示对过去正在发生的事情的推测
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