定语从句杨浦区教研员出.ppt

定语和定语从句 一 定语表达方式 前置定语 形容词 代词 数词 名词和名词的所有格 现在分词和过去分词 Heboughtanewbookyesterday Ourgovernmenttriesineverywaytosatisfyourneeds Wewonthesecondprizeatthecontest Itisastonebridge Mybrother swishistobecomeadoctor Herushedintoaburninghouse IcanspeaksomebrokenEnglish Fiveyoungmenhavecometoasmallvillage Mr Brown ssonworksinawatchfactory Thismatterisofgreatimportance Theexcitedfootballfansburntsomeprivatecars 后置定语 副词 表语性强的形容词 介词短语 现在分词短语 过去分词短语 定语从句及当修饰一个由some any every等词构成的合成代词时的普通形容词 Thevillagerstherewereveryfriendly Hehasjustreturnedfromhistripabroad Wemusttrytohelpthemineverywaypossible Thisistheonlyreferencebookavailablehereonthesubject Thepictureonthewallisbeautiful Themanatthedoorisanengineer Thegirlwearingaredskirtismysister Doyouknowthemandressedinaleatherjacket 定语从句也是后置定语 ThisisthebookwhichProfessorLilentme I llneverforgetthechildhoodthatwespenttogether 二 定语从句 关系代词的用法 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 who 人 主格 whom 人 宾格 whose 人的 所有格 Heisamanwhomeanswhathesays ThepeoplewhomwemetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland TheboywhosefatherworksfortheIMBismyclosefriend which 物 主格或宾格 whose 物的 所有格 HaveyoueverbeentothestorewhichsellsVolkswagencars Thebookwhichyouarereadingmustbeinteresting Thecarwhoseleftdoorwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired that 人或物 只用于限制性定语从句 That sthekindwomanthattookcareofthechildren Thedoctorthatyouarewaitingforwillcomebacksoon Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmthatyousawlastnight Thefactorythatmakesbikesforchildrenlooksmodern 关系副词的用法 关系副词when where why也可以引导定语从句 并在从句中分别表示时间 地点或原因等 关系副词的意思相当于 介词 which结构 Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen onwhich hisfatherreturnedfromAmerica Thisisthetimewhen atwhich sheleftforBeijing Thesupermarketwhere inwhich heworksisthelargestinNanjing Iliketheschoolwhere atwhich mysonisstudying Idon tknowthereasonwhy forwhich hedidn tcometothemeetingyesterday How不能引导定语从句 Thisisthewayhowhebehaves w Thisishowhebehaves R Thisisthewayhebehaves R 用法要点 1 定语从句是后置定语 位于主语后或宾语及表语后 学会分清主句和从句 选关系词时以从句为标准 Theman Italkedtoisasinger Theman cametoourschoolthismorningisasinger Ihatetheman iscomplainingtomymother Iknowtheman youmentionedjustnow whom who who whom 2 选择关系词时应把先行词放回从句 将从句读通 根据先行词在从句中的语法成分 选择相应的关系代词或关系副词 读通从句的关键是从句中动词的用法 请比较 I llneverforgetthedays wespenttogetherinourchildhood I llneverforgettheday IjoinedtheLeague Thisisthehouse Iboughtlastyear Thisisthehouse Ilivedtenyearsago which when which where Thereisonething Iamnotclearabout Thisistheplace thetrafficaccidentoccurred Thisistheplace theforeignguestsaregoingtovisit Thereason shegaveisunbelievable Thereason herefusedherisnotknown Thetree wascutdownis300yearsold Thetree leaveshavefallenis300yearsold which where which which why which whose Thisisthechild fatherdiedinanaccident Therewassomething shewasinterestedin Therewassomething shewasinterested Don tforgetthethings Ihavejustremindedyou Heistheman Ilearntthenews Thisisaring shespent1 000dollars Thisisthefamousmusic Iliketolisten whose which inwhich ofwhich fromwhom onwhich towhich 3 关系代词的省略作直接宾语时可以省略 Theman whom yousawjustnowisourmanager Whowasthewoman that youweretalkingwith Whereisthebook which youborrowedfromthelibrary 注意 关系代词直接在介词后作介宾时 不能省略 但介词位于句未时 可省去 Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked Thisisthegirl whom heworkedwith Hetoldusastoryinwhichwewereinterested Hetoldusastory which wewereinterestedin 先行词为place way reason时关系副词的省略 Thisistheplace where atwhich wemetyesterday Thatisthereason why forwhich Ididit Theway that inwhich thesepeoplelookatproblemsiswrong 4 只能用that的情况 1 先行词是all much anything nothing everything little none等不定代词 Thisisall that hesaidatthemeeting Thereisnothing that heisafraidof Allthatglittersisnotgold 2 先行词被形容词最高级以及first last any only few much no some very 等词修饰时 Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthattime Noreply that wehavereceivedissatisfactory Pleasesendusanyinformation that youhaveaboutthesubject Thisistheverybook that Iwant 3 有两个或两个以上先行词 兼指人和物时 Hetalkedaboutthecitiesandpeople that hehadvisitedinEurope 5 关系代词紧跟介词后时 只能用which不能用that Shetalkedaboutthethingsfromwhichshesufferedalot Thisisthebookforwhichhepaidfiftyyuan 6 先行词为who用关系词that 先行词为anyone anybody everyone everybody someone somebody these those用关系词who或whom IsthereanyoneherewhocanspeakFrench Hesawthemanagertalkingwithsomebody whom hedidn tknow Thosewhoagreeraiseyourhands Thankyouforlistening Asyoungstudents youhavemanydreams Thesedreamscanbeverybig suchaswinningtheNobelPrize theycanalsobes suchasbecomingoneofthebeststudentsinyourclass Onceyoufindadream whatdoyoudowithit Doyouevertrytomakeyourdreamcometrue AndrewMatthews anAustralianwriter tellsusthatmakingyourdreamsr islife sbiggestchallenge 挑战 Youmaythinkyou renotverygoodatsomeschoolsubjects orthatit simpossibleforyoutobecomeawriter Thosekindsofideass youfromrealizingyourdream mall eal top Infact everyonecanrealizehisdream Thefirstthingyoumustdoistor whatyourdreamis Don tletitleaveyourheart Keeptellingy whatyouwanteverydayandthenyourdreamwillcometruefaster Everybodyknowswhatabigdreamismadeup Youmustalson giveupyourdream Therewillbedifficultiesontheroadtoyourdreams bthebiggestdifficultydoesn tcomefromotherpeople Youneedtodecidewhatisthemostimportant StudyinginsteadofwatchingTVwillhelpyoutogetbetterexamresults whilesavingfiveyuaninsteadofbuyinganicecreammeansyoucanbuyanewbook Asyougetclosertoyourdream itmaychangealittle Thisisgoodasyouhavethechancetolearnsomethingmoreusefulandfindnewhobbies emember ourself ever ut Yearsago ifateenagerhadsomeproblemsinhislife hemightwriteinhisdiary NowateenagerwiththesproblemsmightgoontotheInternetandwriteabouttheminablog 博客 Inmanyways adairyandablogarealmostthesame Butwhatmakesablogdifferentfromadiary Thebiggestdifferenceisthatablogismuchmorepthanadiary Usually ateenagertreatsherdiarylikeabookfullofsecrets Bothdiariesandblogstellwhathtothewriterthatday ame ublic appened Ihavealittlesister andsometimesIgoonlinetoreadherblog Shewritesaboutthingslikewakingupearlyforswimmingpracticeandnotstudyinghardeforherchemistryexam WhenIwasherage Iwroteaboutthesamethings butonlyinmydiary Then afterIfinishedwriting IwouldhidemydiaryinasecretplacebecauseIwaswthatmysistermightreadit nough orried Becauseablogissuchapublicwayofwriting ithasbothgoodandbadpoints Thebiggestproblemwithablogisthatacanreadwhatyouwrite IfIamangrywithafriendduringschoolandwritesomethingbadaboutherinmydairy shewillneverknowit However ifmysisterwritessomethingbadaboutafriend thatfriendmayreadherblogandgetangry Sowehavetobeverycarefulofwhatwewrite nyone Abloghasgoodpoints ofcourse Peoplechoosetowriteinblogsbecausetheyknowthattheirfriendswillreadwhattheywrite Forexample ifmysisterwritessomethinginblogs herfriendswillquicklyreplyandtellherhowmuchtheylikeher Blogshelppeoplestayincontactwiththeirfriendsandlearnwhattheparoundthemaredoing Ifpeoplearecarefulaboutwhattheywrite blogsareaverygoodwaytowriteabouteverydaylife However Istillprefermyolddiary eople Manyyearsago therewasastoryofaschoolteacher Mrs Thompson Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame Butthatwasal ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard Hedidn tplaywellwiththeotherchildrenandhealwaysneededabath Shedidnotlikehim ThenMrs ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasaaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother Mrs Thompsonwasashamedofherself ShefeltevenwwhenTeddybroughtheraChristmaspresent Itwashismother sperfume ie ctually orse Teddysaid Mrs Thompson todayyousmelllmyMomusedto Afterthechildrenleft shecriedforatleastanhour Onthatveryday shestoppedteachingreading writingandmaths Instead shebegantoteachchildren Mrs ThompsonpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy Theboy smindseemedtocomealive Themoresheencouragedhim thefasterhei Bytheendofthesixthgrade Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass ike mproved SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanotefromTeddy Hewrotethathehadfinishedhighschool thirdinhisclass andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife Hewenttocollege Mrs Thompsongottwomorelettersfromhimwiththelastonesigned TheodoreF Stoddard M D Thestorydoesn tethere Onhisweddingday Dr StoddardwhisperedinMrs Thompson sear Thankyou Mrs Thompson forbelievinginme YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakead Mrs Thompson withtearsinhereyes whisperedback Teddy youhaveitallwrong Ididn tknowhowtoteachuntilImetyou nd ifference Itwasabusymorning about8 30 whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80sarrivedtohavestitches 缝线 removedfromhisthumb 拇指 Hesaidhewasinahurryashehadanappointment 预约 at9 00am Ihadhimtakeaseat knowingitwouldbeoveranhourbsomeonewasabletoseehim Isawhimlookingathiswatchanddecided sinceIwasnotbusywithanotherpatient Iwoulddealwithhiswound Thewoundwaswhealed 愈合 soItalkedtooneofthedoctors andgottheneededsuppliestoremovehisstitches efore ell Whiletakingcareofhiswound Iaskedhimifhehadanotherdoctor sappointmentthismorning ashewasinsuchahurry Thegentlemantoldmenandthatheneededtogotothenursinghometoeatbreakfastwithhiswife Iaskedhimsomequestionsaherhealth Hetoldmethatshehadbeenthereforawhileandthatshewasseriouslys Aswetalked Iaskedifshewouldbeunhappyifhewasabitl o bout ick ate Herepliedthatshenolongerknewwhohewas andthatshehadnotrecognizedhimforfiveyearsnow Iwassurprised andaskedhim Andyoustillgoeverymorning eventhoughshedoesn tknowwhoyouare Hesmiledashepattedmyhandandsaid Shedoesn tknowme butIstillknowwhosheis Ihadtoholdbacktearsasheleft andIthought Lifeiabouthowtosurvive 艰难度过 thestorm buthowtodanceintherain ThatisthekindofloveIwantinmylife sn t