大学学术英语PPT.ppt

InternationalBusinessEnglishCorrespondenceBasics 1 principlesandapproachesofwritingbusinessletters letteringoodorder 2 theusualstructureofabusinessletterande mails 3 howtoeditlayoutsandarrangethepartsofabusiness Objectives 4 someknowledgeaboutproductsandtradeorganizationsandarrangethepartsofabusiness I AnIntroductiontotheCourse 1 WhatisBusinessEnglish 2 BusinessEnglishvs GeneralEnglish 3 InternationalBusinessEnglishCorrespondence 1 WhatisBusinessEnglish BusinessEnglishfocusesonvocabularyandtopicsusedintheworldsofbusiness trade finance andinternationalrelations Italsoreferstothecommunicationskillsusedintheworkplace andfocusesonthelanguageandskillsneededfortypicalbusinesscommunicationsuchaspresentations negotiations meetings smalltalk socializing correspondence reportwriting andsoon PeoplestudybusinessEnglishforverypracticalreasons toimprovetheirworkperformance enhancetheirprospectsforpromotion orinordertofindajob 1 所谓国际商务英语 指的是人们在从事国际商务各个领域的活动中所使用的英语 它涉及到专业公司 厂家及对外经济 贸易 国际金融 银行 保险 海关 物流等行业和领域 它比外贸英语函电涵盖的面宽 商务英语是以满足职场需求为目的 内容涵盖商务活动全过程 它以语言为载体 把核心的商务内容放到其中 以职场人员和即将迈入职场的人员为目标 以商务活动中常用英语为重点的一种培训 归根到底 实用性是商务英语最大的特点 2 BusinessEnglishvs GeneralEnglish PeoplestudyEnglishfordifferentpurposes ThusEnglishfallsintotwocategories EnglishforGeneralPurposes EGP andEnglishforSpecificPurpose ESP BusinessEnglishisapartofESPandcanbeconsideredaspecialismwithinEnglishlanguagelearningandteaching ItimpliesthedefinitionofaspecificlanguagecorpusandemphasisonparticularkindsofcommunicationinspecificcontextwhileGeneralEnglishmayencompassthebroadvocabularyandvarietiesofstylesfoundinliteratureandothergeneralreadingandintheworldofentertainmentandthemedia Individualsmayhaveinterestintheculture desiretotravelorliveabroad afeelingthatlanguageskillswillbeusefulorleadtobetterjobprospects 普通英语是人们在日常生活中使用最广泛的语言 人们用它来从事日常交流和传递一般信息 商务英语属于专门用途英语 是人们在从事国际商务活动过程中经常使用的英语 是商务环境中使用的英语 这些活动领域包括 国际贸易 国际经济 国际金融 银行业 海关事务和旅游等 是商务文化群体中所特有的一种英语 其与普通英语的差异 不仅表现在目的和意义方面 而且表现在词语用法 句子组成和篇章的构建方面 这是国际商务工作者长期交际的结果 3 InternationalBusinessEnglishCorrespondence Internationalbusinessconsistsoftransactionsthataredevisedandcarriedoutacrossnationalborderstosatisfytheobjectivesofindividualsandorganizations Correspondencemeanscommunication Whenpeopledobusinessattheinternationallevel theyneedtocommunicatewitheachotherthroughletters faxes e mails telephones onlinechattingtoolsandsomeothermodernmeans Lettershavebeentheprincipleandtraditionalchannelsbybusinessfirmstoexchangemessagesforalongtime Emailscanbeconsideredtheelectronicversionoftheletter TodayE mailhasbecomeaprimarysourceofcommunicationintheworkplace Therefore thiscoursefocusesonwritinggoodbusinesslettersinthecontextofinternationalbusiness Ininternationaltrade abusinessletternotonlyservesasabusinessdocument butalsoprovidesapermanentrecord Successfulbusinessletterscanfacilitatepositiveandpromisingbusinessdealings Thiscourseisintendedtodevelopskillsofwritinggoodbusinessletter 国际商务英语函电作为国际商务往来经常使用的联系方式 是开展对外经济贸易业务和有关商务活动的重要工具 正确地掌握外贸英语函电的基本知识 并能熟练地加以运用 是经贸英语专业学生从事外经 外贸行业必须具备的职业技能 通过学习外贸实务中各种英文业务函件和传真以及其它文件的写作格式 商业 术语和各种不同的表达方法 使学生在提高英语水平的同时 熟练掌握对外贸易业务中的基本技能 培养和提高他们的对外贸易业务工作能力 该课程是一门理论与实践结合紧密的应用性学科 II GuidelinesforEffectiveBusinessCorrespondence WritingApproachesforBusinessEnglishLetters WritingApproachesforBusinessEnglishLetters 直接式结构 用于传递令人满意或中性信息的信函 间接式结构 传递令人失望的消息的商务信函尽量减少读者的不悦 2 WritingPrinciplesforBusinessEnglishLetters Tomakeyourwritingeffective youmayfollowsomegenerallyacceptedprinciples Sincealltheseprinciplesarebegunwiththeletter C theycanbesummedupas7Cs i e Clarity Consideration Courtesy Completeness Conciseness ConcretenessandCorrectness 1 清晰 clarity 清楚是英语应用文最重要的语言特点 商务文书应主题突出 层次分明 可读性强 其内容应明白易懂 无模棱两可 含糊不清 陈词滥调等现象 为了表达的清晰性 有时需要附上范例 说明 图示等 例如 bimonthly 一词具有两种含义 一种是 一月两次 另一种是 每两月一次 因此应避免使用这类具有双重意义的词 2 体谅 consideration 体谅 即多从对方角度出发 you attitude 理解并体谅对方的需求 愿望 感情 着重正面 肯定地谈问题 尽量避免从否定角度谈 3 礼貌 courtesy 写商务文书应本着真诚体贴 有礼有节 不卑不亢的态度 表达方式应委婉 积极 措词得当 将命令式改为请求式或使用虚拟语气表示请求等多种方式以表达礼貌 尽速答复对方也是礼貌的表现 体现了对客户的尊重 4 完整 completeness 在商务英语使用过程中 我们应力求内容完整 商务英语篇章的完整性特点要求商务英语文书涵盖写信人希望收信人做出积极反应的一切情况及问题 或者回答对方来信提出的全部问题或要求 如在报盘时 需要写清商品 价格 交货时间及付款方式等 5 简洁 conciseness 简明指的是尽可能地用精辟的文字清楚地表达你需要表达的内容 而又毫不损坏完整 具体和礼貌 各种商务信函应当在涵盖各种必须陈述的信息的基础上做到言简意赅 文字简洁 其语言形式要简单 直接 明了 避免使用笼统的陈旧的商业术语 怪词 难词和长句 尽量多地使用熟悉的短词和口语体词 完整性和简洁性两个特点相互制约 相辅相成 6 具体 concreteness 商务文书应力求具体 明确 形象 力避含糊 空泛 抽象 在给对方做出明确反应的信或答复对方的要求或问题的信中 尤其需要做到表述具体化 特别是合同 协议 通知 广告和需要做出具体答复像报盘 询问交易条款等的信函时 需要使用具体的事实和数据 在名词和动词的使用上 多使用意义明确的词 7 正确 correctness 所谓正确 并非仅指语法 标点和词的拼写这些基本要素 商务文书内容 如事实 数据等 必须以准确的语言和商务套语加以表达 不得出半分差错 否则会给自己公司带来重大经济损失 III LayoutofBusinessLetters E mails 1 LayoutofBusinessLetter Aformalbusinessletterconsistsoffourteenpartsinwhichninepartsareessentialandfivepartsareoptional ANineimportantparts Letterhead Date InsideAddress Salutation SubjectLine BodyoftheLetter ComplimentaryClose Signature Enclosure Letterheadisoftenprintedonqualitypaperbeforehand Itincludestheessentialparticularsaboutthewriter thecompanies name postaladdressandzip code telephoneandfacsimilenumbers websites etc Youcanseeexamplesbelow 信头 发信人公司的名称 地址 传真或电话号码 Sample1 1 Theletterhead FollowingaresomeofnamesoftradeorganizationsinChina ChinaNationalCereals oils FoodstuffsImp ExpCorp 中国粮油食品进出口公司ChinaNationalConstructionMaterialsImp ExpCorp 中国建材进出口公司ChinaNationalArts CraftsImp ExpCorp 中国工艺品进出口公司ChinaNationalMetals MineralsImp ExpCorp 中国五金矿产进出口公司ChinaNationalTextilesImp ExpCorp 中国纺织品进出口公司ChinaNationalLightIndustrialProductsImp ExpCorp 中国轻工产品进出口公司ChinaNationalGarments CostumesImp ExpCorp 中国服装进出口公司ChinaNationalArts CraftsImp ExpCorp 中国工艺品进出口公司ChinaNationalPetroleumImp ExpCorp 中国石油进出口公司ChinaNationalNonferrousMetalsImp ExpCorp 中国有色金属进出口公司 ChinaNationalElectricWires CablesImp ExpCorp 中国电线电缆进出口公司ChinaNationalChemicalsImp ExpCorp 中国化工进出口公司ChinaNationalCompletePlantImp ExpCorp 中国成套设备进出口公司ChinaNationalAgriculturalMachineryImp ExpCorp 中国农业机械进出口公司ChinaNationalAero TechnologyImp ExpCorp 中国航空技术进出口公司ChinaNationalMedicines HealthProductsImp ExpCorp 中国医药保健品进出口公司ChinaMetallurgicalImp ExpCorp 中国冶金进出口公司ChinaNationalForeignTradeTransportationCorporation中国对外贸易运输公司ChinaOceanShippingAgency中国外轮代理总公司ChinaExportBasesDevelopmentCorporation中国出口商品基础建设公司ChinaOceanShippingCompany中国远洋运输公司 Thedateshouldbeplacedtwoorfourspacesbelowtheletterheadtotherightforindentedstyleortheleftfortheblockedstyle Thedateshouldbewritteninfullandnotabbreviated Spelloutthenameofthemonth anddonotshowthedateinfigurelike11 9 2007toavoidconfusion Thisisbecausetherearetwowaysinwritingthedate 2 Thedate 写信的年 月 日 Theinsideaddressusuallyconsistsofnameofthepersontowhomtheletterissent oftenwithasocialtitleandhisorhercompanytitle thenameofthefirms andthemailingaddressofthefirm Itappearsexactlythesamewayasontheenvelope butnotinallcapitallettersasontheenvelope 3 Theinsideaddress 收信人的公司名称和地址 Thesalutationisthepolitegreetingswithwhichaletterbegins Thecustomaryformalgreetinginabusinessletteris DearSirs or Gentlemen Itshouldbeplacedtwospacesbelowtheinsideaddress 4 Thesalutation Oftenusefulasatime saveristhepracticeofincludingattheheadofaletterashorttitleannouncingthesubject matter Itisofteninsertedbetweenthesalutationandthebodyofthelettertoinviteattentiontothetopicoftheletter 5 Thesubjectline 对收信人的尊称 事由 标题 如 事由 在标题一栏中已给出 则写作中可采用简化的形式 且看下面信函的开头 DearSirorMadam RE ContractNo CZ 567 300GaussMetersWithreferencetothe300GaussMetersunderourSalesConfirmationNo CZ 567 wewoulddrawyourattentiontothefact 在第一段里 事由 在标题一栏里已给出 因此第一句直接简化为 Withreferencetotheabove mentionedcontract wewouldliketo 或Referringtothecaptionedgoods wewouldliketo Thecomplimentarycloseismerelyapolitewayofendingaletter JustastheuseofDearSir etc ispurelyconventional soistheuseofYoursfaithfully Yourstruly Cordiallyyours andsimilarexpressions Nowadays Bestregardsiscustomaryformalending 6 Thebodyoftheletter Thispartcarriestheactualmessageoftheletter 7 Thecomplimentaryclose Alettershouldbesignedbyhand andinink Becausemanyhand writtensignatureareillegible thenameofthesignerisusuallytypedbelowthesignatureandfollowedbyhisjobtitleorposition 8 Thesignature Enclosureisimportantinabusinessletterastherecipientwillknowthatsamplesorpricelistsaresentaswell Twoline spacingsbetweenthecarboncopynotationthewritermayindicateoneormoreenclosuresintheletter Sometimesyoumayusetheabbreviation Enc 9 Theenclosure 附件 注明随信所附的样品 样品本 价目单等 书信结束的礼貌用语 正文 写信人的署名 BTheOptionalParts 10 Thereferences Thereferencesmayincludeafilenumber departmentcodeortheinitialofthesignerofthewriter Theyaremarked Ourref and Yourref toavoidconfusion Theymaybeplacedimmediatelybelowtheletterhead 11 Theattentionline Theattentionlineisusedtodirectthelettertoaspecificindividualorsectionofthefirm Itgenerallyfollowedtheinsideaddress 为了便于存档分类而编的号 经办人名称 希望收信商号将信速交经办部门办理 Ifthecopyoftheletteristobesenttoathirdparty typeccorCCtwoline spacingbelowthesignatureorimmediatelybelowtheenclosureattheleft handmargin 12 TheReferenceNotation Thereferencenotationsaremadeupoftheinitialsofthepersonwhodictatestheletterandofthesecretaryortypist Theinitialsareusuallytypedtwoline spacingbelowthesignatureagainsttheleft handmargin Thetwosetsareseparatedbyacolonoraslant withthedictator scomingfirst Youmaycapitalizeboth orneither oronlythefirstoftheset Eg HW JZHW JZHW jzHW jz 13 Thecarboncopynotation Trytoavoidtheuseofpostscriptsasfaraspossible sinceitmaysuggestthewriterfailedtoplanhisletterbeforehewroteitordictatedit 14 Thepostscript 经办人代号 以便日后查对由何人主稿 由何人速记打字 抄送 将信抄送给有关部门的标记 再启 信写完后 如果想起还有要紧的话要说 可在信末加P S 引出补述的话 2Theillustrationofthepositionofeachpartmentionedabove Letterhead 1 Thereferences 10 Date 2 Theinsideaddress 3 Theattentionline 11 Thesalutation DearSirs 4 Thesalutation DearSirs 4 Subjectline 5 Bodyoftheletter I msendingyouacopyofaletterbyinternalpostthatIreceivedthismorningfromBrianRogersofAvalonIndustries Hesaysthatthemachinetheyreceivedhadadamagedcaseandthatitdidnotworkwhenturnedon What sstrangeisthatlastweekwereceivedafaxconfirmingthearrivalofthemachineingoodcondition 6 Complimentaryclose 7 Signature 8 YournameandTitleTheReferenceNotation 12 Theenclosure 9 Thecarboncopynotation 13 Postscript 14 缩行式信函的特点 1 信头和封内地址每逢换行时 下一行要比上一行往右缩进2 3个字母的位置 2 日期放在信纸的右上端 签名放在中间偏右下方 3 每一段的第一行都从左边空白边缘往右缩进3 5个字母的位置 4 段落之间要空1 2行 1 缩行式 IndentedStyle TeachingContents 1 IndentedForm 上海太平洋贸易有限公司SHANGHAIPACIFICTRADINGCO LTDAdd 108LAOSHANGROADSHANGHAI CHINA TEL 86 021 64875348YourRef JH nbFAX 86 021 64675346OurRef SM L02 0031E mail heilight Date September2 2002To S M TradingCo Ltd 403JalanStreet Toronto CanadaATTN MrM YasinMarlic TeachingContents 1 IndentedForm DearSirs Re NewDesignBrownBearThankyouforyourE mailexpressingyourinterestinourproducts Wearenowsendingourquotationsheetforyourselection Wealsoencloseasampleandaresurethatyouwillbesatisfiedwiththeirfinequality YoursfaithfullySHANGHAIPACIFICTRADINGCO LTD刘世元SalesManagerC C ourbranchofficeEncl sampleP S HW JZ 齐头式信函的特点 1 日期放在信纸的左上端与每行取齐 2 签名放在左下端与每行取齐 成一垂直线 3 每行都从左边开始取齐 段落之间要空2行 B 齐头式或平头式 BlockStyle TeachingContents 2 BlockedForm FUJIANTEXTILEIMPORT EXPORTCORPORATION45BRODINGSTREETFUZHOU CHINANovember30 2001Messrs Williams Warner36TowerStreetSydney AustraliaGentlemen Re SHEEPWOOLWithreferencetoourOrderTC303of30Septemberfor50M TSheepWool weshallbegladtoknowwhenwemayexpectdelivery astheseareurgentlyrequired Althoughinthepastpeoplecouldnotevenimaginethewondersmadebymodernelectronicandcomputertechnology thesetoolsarenownearlyindispensableinmodernoffices ThefullnameofE mailis electronicmail E mailsarewidelyusedinmodernbusinesscircles referstocomputer basedwherebyonecomputersendsamessagetoanotherviatheInternet Sendinge mailisrelativelycheap quickandmessagescanbesentorpickedupanywhereintheworldandstoredinthemailboxuntiltheyareretrieved Emailshadbecomebyfarthemostpopularmeansofcommunicationinbusiness 1 StructureofanE mailSinceanemailisanelectronicversionofletter itconsistsofmostpartsofaletterbutinasimplifierform Ane mailusuallyincludes HeadingTheheadingisusuallymadeupofthefollowingparts To e mailaddressoftherecipientFrom e mailaddressofthesender usuallyautomaticallyfilledin Subject mainideaofthemessageDate usuallyautomaticallyfilledin Cc carboncopy recipientswhomthewriterwishestopubliclyinformofthemessage Attachment referstodocumentsorphotossentwithemailsBody Thebodypartisthemessageofthee mail Paragraphscanbeblockedorindented Regardlessofformat skipalinebetweenparagraphs 2 Example 2 LayoutofE mails 发件人 收件人 抄送 附件 主题 称呼 Exercises I Writeoutthefollowing 1 中国化工进出口公司2 中国包装进出口公司3 中国航工技术进出口公司4 电器设备及用品5 礼品及工艺品 ChinaNationalChemicalsImp ExpCorp ChinaNationalPackagingImp ExpCorp ChinaNationalAero TechnologyImp ExpCorp electricalappliances supplies gifts crafts II Arrangethefollowinginproperformastheyshouldbesetoutinaletter 1 Sender sname ChinaNationalTextileImp Exp Company2 Sender saddress 123HubinRoad Fuzhou China3 Sender sFax 0591 87654321 Email senda 4 Sender stelephonenumber 0591 875432105 Date June23 20106 Receiver sname MuhibULLAHCo Ltd 7 Receiver saddress 63TunisHse HarfordSt LondonE1 4PR8 Subject matter 5000dozenTableCloth9 Themessage WethankyouforyourletterofMarch16enquiringforthecaptionedgoods TheenclosedbookletcontainsdetailsoftheTableClothandwillenableyoutomakeasuitableselection Welookforwardtoreceivingyourspecificenquirywithkeeninterest 中国纺织品进出口公司ChinaNationalTextileImp Exp Company123HubinRoad Fuzhou China TEL 0591 87543210YourRef JH nbFAX 86 021 64675346OurRef SM L02 0031E mail senda Website Date June23 2010To MuhibULLAHCo Ltd 63TunisHse HarfordSt LondonE1 4PRDearSirs Re 5000dozenTableClothWethankyouforyourletterofMarch16enquiringforthecaptionedgoods TheenclosedbookletcontainsdetailsofallourSewingMachinesandwillenableyoutomakeasuitableselection Welookforwardtoreceivingyourspecificenquirywithkeeninterest Bestregards ChinaNationalTextileImp Exp CompanySignatureC C ourbranchofficeEncl P S II Addressanenvelopefortheaboveletter III Addressanenvelopefortheaboveletter SkillTrainingforChapterI Establishacompanyandorganizethecompany Divideyourclassintoseveralgroups Eachgroupestablishesacompanyandgivesthecompanyaname Followingthechart organizeandappointeachmemberapositionresponsibleforadepartment BoardofDirectors ManagingDirector M D R DDept MarketingDept SalesDept FinancialDept ProductionDept LogisticsDept HRDept P RDept HomeSalesDept OverseasSalesDept EUMarketDept AmericanMarketDept RecruitmentOffice WelfareOffice TrainingOffice Wages BudgetOffice CompanyOrganizationChart