初中英语经典短语及同义词组.doc

初中英语同义词组1.arrive in/at=get to=reach2.be fine=be well=be OK3.be from=come from4.be in=be at home5.be full of=be filled with6.be late for=come late for7.be on a visit to= visit8.be able to=can9.be away=be out10.be busy doing sth.=be busy with sth.11.be pleased=be glad=be happy12.buy sb. Sth.=buy sth. to sb13.be up=get up14.catch up with=keep up with15.catch a bus=take a bus16.catch a cold=have a cold17.come into=step into18.come on=come along19.come down=get down20.do well in=be good at21.do the shopping=go shopping22.drop off=get off23.enjoy doing sth.=like doing sth.24.have a good time=enjoy oneself25.fall down=fall off26.get the telephone=answer the telephone27.give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.28.give sb.the message=give the message to sb.29.give sb. a talk=give a talk to sb.30.give a concert=have a concert31.get on well with sb.=be good to32.givea call=givea ring33.go down=go along34.go for a swim=go swimming35.go on doing sth.=go on with sth.36.go up=go along37.go to sleep=get to sleep=fall asleep38.have a look (at)=look at39.have a swim=go swimming40.have got=have41.hear from=receive a letter from=have a letter from=get a letter from42.help sb with sth=help sb to do sth43.hold a meeting=have a meeting44.hold on=wait a minute45.hurry up=be quick46.knock at=knock on47.last fromto=be fromto48.like doing sth=like to do sth49.look out=be careful50.love to do sth=like to do sth51.make up ones mind to do=set ones mind to do52.pay for=spend on53.preferto=like better than54.ring up=call sb55.send for sb=ask sb to come56.show sb sth=show sth to sb57.take care of=look after58.take exercise=do sport59.take a message=leave a message60.think about=think of61.teach oneself=learn all by oneself62.turn off=turn down63.turn right at thecrossing=take the turning on the right64.walk on=go on65.walk to=go to on foot66.walk along=go along67.at school=in the school68.a lot of=lots of69.a lot=very much70.a quarter past two=two fifteen71.at times=sometimes72.at last=in the end=finally73.a bit=a little=a few74.a moment ago=just now75.at once=right now76.at noon=in the middle of a day77.at that moment=at that time=just then78.at the moment=at the same time79.at the doctors=in the doctors office80.all over the world=across the world=around the world=in the world81.a moment later=later on82.after a while=a moment later83.all the same=all the time84.as soon as possible=as quick as possible85.in line=in a queue86.in the southern part of=in the south of87.in the day=in the daytime88.much of China=many places of China89.more than=over90.no longer=notany longer=no more=not any more91.not far from=near to92.North China=the north of China93.of course=certainly94.plenty of=quite a few=a lot of=lots of=large number of=a great many of=a good deal of95.two and a half years=two years and a half 初中英语同义词组1.arrive in/at=get to=reachI arrived at the airport at 10.=I reach the airport at 10.注意这里不能用arrive in2.be fine=be well=be OKIm fine=Im well.=Im OK.3.be from=come fromHe is from China.=He comes from China.4.be in=be at homeHe is in.=He is at home.同理:be out= be not at home5.be full of=be filled withThe bottle is full of orange.=The bottle is filled with orange.6.be late for=come late forIm sorry, Im late for the meeting.=Im sorry, I come late for the meeting.7.be on a visit to= visitHe is on a visit to China.= He is visiting China8.be able to=canHe was able to ride a bike at the age of 5.=He could ride a bike when he was 5.9.be away=be out=be not at home10.be busy doing sth.=be busy with sth.He is busy doing his homework.=He is busy with his homework.11.be pleased=be glad=be happyThe coach was pleased with their performance.=The coach was glad with their performance.=The coach was happy with their performance.12.buy sb. Sth.=buy sth. to sbMy mother bought me a book.=My mother bought a book to me.13.be up=get upBe up, Tom!=Get up, Tom.14.catch up with=keep up withI can catch up with others.=I can keep up with others.15.catch a bus=take a busCan I catch a bus?/Can I take a bus?16.catch a cold=have a coldOh, no! Youve caught a cold.=Oh, no! Youve had a cold.17.come into=step intoHe came into the classroom.=He stepped into the classroom18.come down=get downCome down! Thats dangerous.=Get down! Thats dangerous.19.do well in=be good atHe does well in swimming.=He is good at swimming.20.do the shopping=go shoppingIll do the shopping.=Ill go shopping.21.drop off=get off22.enjoy doing sth.=like doing sth.I enjoy reading.=I like reading.23.have a good time=enjoy oneselfWe had a good time at the party.=We enjoyed ourselves at the party.24.fall down=fall offI fell down.=I fell off the bike.25.get the telephone=answer the telephoneI got the telephone.= I answered the telephone.26.give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.27.give sb.the message=give the message to sb.28.give sb. a talk=give a talk to sb.29.give a concert=have a concertThey gave a concert.=They had a concert.30.get on well with sb.=be good toI got on well with my neighbors=Im good to my neighbors.31.givea call=givea ringI gave a call to you.=I give you a ring.32.go down=go along33.go for a swim=go swimming34.go on doing sth.=go on with sth.35.go up=go along36.go to sleep=get to sleep=fall asleep37.have a look (at)=look at38.have a swim=go swimming39.have got=have40.hear from=receive a letter from=have a letter from=get a letter from41.help sb with sth=help sb to do sth42.hold a meeting=have a meeting43.hold on=wait a minute44.hurry up=be quick45.knock at=knock on46.last fromto=be fromto47.like doing sth=like to do sth48.look out=be careful49.love to do sth=like to do sth50.make up ones mind to do=set ones mind to do51.pay for=spend on52.preferto=like better than53.ring up=call sb54.send for sb=ask sb to come55.show sb sth=show sth to sb56.take care of=look after57.take exercise=do sport58.take a message=leave a message59.think about=think of60.teach oneself=learn all by oneself61.turn off=turn down62.turn right at thecrossing=take the turning on the right63.walk on=go on64.walk to=go to on foot65.walk along=go along66.at school=in the school67.a lot of=lots of68.a lot=very much69.a quarter past two=two fifteen70.at times=sometimes71.at last=in the end=finally72.a bit=a little=a few73.a moment ago=just now74.at once=right now75.at noon=in the middle of a day76.at that moment=at that time=just then77.at the moment=at the same time78.at the doctors=in the doctors office79.all over the world=across the world=around the world=in the world80.a moment later=later on81.after a while=a moment later82.all the same=all the time83.as soon as possible=as quick as possible84.in line=in a queue85.in the southern part of=in the south of86.in the day=in the daytime87.much of China=many places of China88.more than=over89.no longer=notany longer=no more=not any more90.not far from=near to91.North China=the north of China92.of course=certainly93.plenty of=quite a few=a lot of=lots of=large number of=a great many of=a good deal of94.two and a half years=two years and a half think up=come up withgive out=hand outuse up=run out ofcall up=ring upinstead of=in place oftake after=likeset up=eatablishbe angry with=be mad oflose ones way=get losetry ones best=do ones bestgo to sleep=get to sleep=fall asleepin the end=at last=finally=at the end ofmake a decision=decide to dobe surprise at=be amazed ateven thought=even ifno long=not.any longertake pride in=be pround ofgive up=stop doingworry about=be worried aboutbe confident of doing=have confidence in doingnot.in the slightest=not at allplenty of=lots of=a lot ofget along with=get on withbe anxious about=be worried abouton diaplay=on showwhatever=no matter whatexpect sb. to do=wish sb.to dostay away from=keep away fromconsider doing=think about doingcontinue doing=go on dingtake after=be similar tobe filled with=be full ofat once=right awaydonate.to=give away.tobe used for=be used to doby accident=be chance同义句转换训练是初中英语学习的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同义句转换虽不是中考的专题了，但它可以出现在听力测试、选择题、写作中。同义句转换训练可以让学生懂得词或词组的多种说法。增加词汇量，也培养学生多动脑筋的习惯。本文将初中英语学习中常见的同义句转换归纳如下： 一、意思相同、相近或相反的词的相互转换： 1、意思相同的词或词组的相互转换。如： Thank you very much. please call me. Thanks a lot. please ring me up. He is mending the pen. He is fixing the pen. 2、意思相近的词组相互转换。如： Would you tike a cup of tea? Do you want a cup of tea? We enjoyed ourselves last Sunday. We had a good time last Sunday. 3、反义词的相互转换。如： Im busy Im not free. I borrowed a book from her yesterday she lent a bike to me yesterday. 二、形容词比较级和最高级的转换。如： Math is the most difficult of all the subjests. Math is more difficult than any other subjest. 三、表示天气方面的同义句转换。如： 1、Whats the weather like today? How is the weather today? 2、The rain is heavy Its raining heavily. 四、表示时间方面的同义词句转换。如： 1、Its time to go to school. Its time for school. 2、I often get up at six forty-five. I often get up at a quarter to seven. 3、lt takes me two hours to do my homework every day I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day 五、问路及指路的同义词句转换。如： 1、How can l get to the post office? which is the way to the post office? where is the post office? 2、Go along this street and take the second turning on the left. Walk along this street and turn left at the second crossing 六、表示交通方面的同义句转换。如： 1、I always go to school on foot I always walk to school. Tom often takes the bus to school. Tom often goes to school by bus. 2、Next week the Greens are flying to England for their holiday. Next week the Greens are going to England by air for their holiday. 七、感叹句的相互转换。如： 1、What a clever boy he is! How clever the boy is! 2、What fine weather it is today! How fine the weather is today! 八、复合句与简单句的相互转换。 1、祈使句or的句子与条件状语从句的相互转换。如： Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. If you dont work hard, you will fall behind the ofher students. 2、带有宾语从句的复合句变简单句。如： I want to know how I can mend the bike. I want to know how to mend the bike. She found he was a very good pupil. she found him to be a very good pupil 3、Sothat 引导的状语从句的复合句与简单句 tooto 及 enoughto 结构的相互转换。如： This desk is so heavy that he cant move it. This desk is too heavy tor him to move. He is so young that he cant go to school. He is not old enough to go to school. 总而言之，词、词组和句型的同义句转换是初中生学习的重点。教师在教学中要引导学生多动脑筋，不断比较，抓住它们的特点，举一反三，灵活应用。 例题同义句转换是句型转换题型中一种非常重要的形式。所谓同义句转换，是指用不同的词汇、短语及句型表示相同或相近的意思。它是中考命题的一大热点。现将常见的同义句转换形式作一归纳，以期对同学们的中考复习有所帮助。一、用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写。1. The children are wearing beautiful clothes. The children are _beautiful clothes. 2. Every day, Yao Ming receives E-mails from thousands of basketball fans. Every day,Yao Ming _ _ thousands of basketball fans. 3. Mr. Smith is working. Mr. Smith is_ _. 二、用反义词(组)改写。4. Chinese is more popular than Japanese.Japanese is _ popular _ Chinese. 5. The runner couldnt catch up with the others in the race. The runner _ _ the others in the race. 6. A computer is more useful than a VCD.A VCD is not _useful _a computer三、用同义句型改写。7. Ann spent two weeks getting ready for the exams. It _Ann two weeks to _ ready for the exams. 8. She spent 30 dollars on the English-Chinese dictionary. The English-Chinese dictionary _ _ 30 dollars四、二句并一句转换为简单句。9. Jim doesnt like noodles，and Jack doesnt,either. _Jim_Jack likes noodles.10. Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend. Mrs. Smith is_ _my teacher_ _my good friend. 五、用派生词或多义词改写。11. The snow was heavy last night.It_ _last night六、并列句与复合句的互换。12. If you play basketball here，you may break the windows._play basketball here,_you may break the windows. 13. Go on planting trees for two more years and the hill will be covered with green trees. If we go on planting trees，the hill will_ _in two_ _. 七、简单句与复合句的互换。14. Do you know how you can get the kite down from the tree?Do you know_ _get the kite down from the tree?八、综合转换。15. Something is wrong with that machine.That machine_ _.至于一些特殊形式的变化，同学们在解题过程中要不断归纳总结，彻底掌握它们。下面就请你做几道练习题一试身手吧！1. Bike is short for bicycle. Bike is_ _ _saying bicycle. 2. It took Mary an hour to do her homework last night. Mary_ an hour _her homework last night.3. They made him work 12 hours a day. He_ _ _ _ 12 hours a day. 4. I am a League member. He is a League member,too. _ he_ I _League members. 5. He is so young that he cant join the army. He is _ young_ the army. 6. The player smiled and jumped into the river. The player jumped into the river_ _ _. 7. Mr. Brown left London six years ago. Mr. Brown _ _ _ _London for six years. 8. The earth is bigger than the moon. The moon Is _ _ _ _the earth. 9. He is one of my friends. He is a friend _ _. 10. The teacher told us that we should not meet at the school gate. The teacher told us_ _ _at the school gate. 11. I have something to tell you. Its interesting. I have _ _ to tell you. 12. I saw them playing basketball there. I saw _they_ _basketball there.13. Listen carefully,and youll become more interested. _ _listen carefully, youll become more interested. 14. She has been a nurse for five years. It_ _ _ _she became a nurse.15. All are here, but our English teacher isnt. _is here _our English teacher. 16. It was so interesting a film that all of us saw it twice. It was_ _interesting _that all of us saw it twice. 17. Mother was busy with some housework when I got home. Mother was_ _some house-work when I got home 答案 一，答案：1. in 2. hears from 3. at work 简析：英语中有不少同义、近义词(组)，在平时学习中要注意总结归纳。如：enjoy oneself/have a good time, look after/take care of,difficult/hard, can/be able to,over/more than,receive(get)a letter from/hear from等等。 二，答案：4. less, than 5. fell behind 6. as，as 简析：此类转换应注意有时主语位置会改变，并要特别总结归纳反义词(组)。如：new-old, big-small, long-short, more than-less than等。三，答案：7. took, get 8. cost her 简析：此类转换必须弄清每个句型的构成特点，而且还要注意句中每个句型的固定搭配。如：give sb. sth.与give sth. to sb.的转换，spend some time(in)doing sth.on sth.与It takes sb.some time to do sth.的转换等等。四，答案：9. Neither,nor 10.not only,but also 简析：英语中常用not only. but also，either. or,neither. nor,both. and等连词把两个意义相关的简单句合并成一个简单句。解题过程中要注意连词的选用和主谓一致原则。除此之外，还可用too. to,enough to等把两个简单句合并成另一简单句。如：Tom is young. He cant go to school.Tom is too young to go to school五，答案：snowed heavily 简析：句中名词snow和形容词heavy转换成了动词snowed和副词heavily六，答案：12. Dont,or 13. turn green,years time 简析：含有祈使句的并列句，可转换为含if条件句的复合句。七，答案: how to简析：复合句转换为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使其句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有：(1)用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词短语替换；(2)将宾语从句简化为疑问词不定式；(3)将so. that. (such. that. )引导的状语从句简化为含有too. to. (或enough to)的简单句；(4)将if引导的状语从句简化为祈使句，and(or)句子。八，答案：doesnt work简析：综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上，对原句重新进行概括表达，它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。最后的答案；参考答案：1. another way of 2.spent;on/doing 3. was made to work 4. Both;and;are 5. too;to join 6. with a smile 7. has been away from 8. not asso big as 9. of mine 10. not to meet 11. something interesting 12. that;were playing 13. If you 14. is five years since 15. EveryoneEverybody,exceptbut 16. such an;film 17. busy doing 英语单词词性n. 名词v. 动词pron. 代词adj. 形容词adv. 副词num. 数词art. 冠词prep. 介词conj. 连词interj. 感叹词英语词性缩写prep= 介系词；前置词，preposition 的缩写pron= 代名词，pronoun 的缩写n= 名词，noun 的缩写v= 动词，兼指及物动词和不及物动词，verb 的缩写conj = 连接词，conjunction 的缩写s= 主词sc = 主词补语o= 受词oc = 受词补语vi= 不及物动词，intransitive verb 的缩写vt= 及物动词，transitive verb 的缩写aux.v= 助动词，auxiliary 的缩写adj = 形容词，adjective 的缩写adv = 副词，adverb 的缩写art= 冠词，article 的缩写num= 数词，numeral 的缩写int = 感叹词，interjection 的缩写u= 不可数名词，uncountable noun 的缩写c= 可数名词，countable noun 的缩写pl= 复数，plural 的缩写语气词int. 缩写词abbr. abbrabbreviation( 略)略语adj, adjjadjective(s)( 形)形容词adv,advvadverb(s)( 副)副词adv partadverbialparticle( 副接)副词接语aux auxiliary( 助)助动词cn countable noun( 可数)可数名词conj conjunction( 连)连接defart definite article( 定冠)定冠词egforexample( 例如)例如espespecially( 尤指)尤指etc and theothers( 等)等等ie whichis to say( 意即)意即indef art indefinite article( 不定冠词)不定冠词inf infinitive( 不定词)不定词int interjection( 感)感叹词n noun(s)( 名)名词neg negative(ly)( 否定)否定的(地) partadjparticipial adjective( 分形)分词形容词pers person( 人称)人称pers pronpersonal pronoun( 人称代)人称代名词plplural( 复)复数(的) pp pastparticiple ( 过去分词)过去分词prefprefix( 字首)字首preppreposition(al) ( 介词)介词，介系词，介词的pronpronoun( 代)代名词pt pasttense( 过去)过去式sb somebody( 某人)某人sing singular( 单)单数(的) sth something( 某事物)某物或某事suffsuffix( 字尾)字尾un uncountable noun( 不可数)不可数名词US America(n)( 美)美国(的) vverb(s)( 动)动词VPVerbPattern( 动型)动词类型v iverb intransitive( 不及物动词)不及物动词vt verbtransitive ( 及物动词)及物动词2.1. 一般现在时thepresenttense 2.一般过去时thepasttense 3.一般将来时thefuturetense 4.一般过去将来时thepastfuturetense 5.现在进行时thepresentcontinuous tense 6.过去进行时thepastContinuous Tense 7.将来进行时thefuturecontinuous tense 8.过去将来进行时thepastfuturecontinuous tense 9.现在完成时thePresentPerfectTense 10.过去完成时thePastPerfectTense 11. 将来完成时thefutureperfecttense 12.过去将来完成时thepastfutureperfecttense 13.现在完成进行时thepresentperfectcontinuous tense 14.过去完成进行时thepastperfectcontinuous tense 15.将来完成进行时thefutureperfectcontinuous tense 16.过去将来完成进行时thepastfutureperfectcontinuous tense