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2010高考二轮复习英语学案专题六 动词时态和语态【典例精析】1.（2008全国I卷，27） Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joined B. joinsC. had joinedD. joined【解析】D句意：你认识Dr. Jackson好久时间了吗? 是的，自从她加入汉语协会我就认识她。Since 自从.以来，引导时间状语从句，强调过去认识时的时间，第一句话所用的现在完成时是判断该句子时态的重要依据。2.（2008辽宁卷,23）We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. knew B. have known C. have known D. know【解析】C句意：在2000年我们第一次在火车上相遇。我俩同时立刻赶到彼此认识多年了。根据题干第二句可知主句为过去时，而that 引导的宾语从句的谓语动词又发生在主句动词之前，即为过去的过去，故用过去完成时来表示。3.（2008天津卷，14） He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played【解析】D句意：他年轻的时候踢了多年的足球。句中的when he was young是表示过去的时间状语。题干中没有强调在过去的某个时间段正在发生某事，故排除A项；句中也没有信息词强调对现在造成的影响或与现在的联系，故排除C项；句中也没有以过去的某个时间点或动作点作为参照，故排除D项。4.（09北京）27. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated【解析】B考查时态和语态的用法。The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。5.（09天津）2. My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live【解析】A考查时态。后句意思“他们出生在香港，从来没有去过别的地方”，由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，故选A。6.（09福建）6 -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted【解析】D考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D。7.（09福建）7. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through their language in his plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes 【解析】D考查动词时态。题干是陈述一个客观真理，用一般现在时，选D。8.（09湖南）8Would you please keep silent? The weather report and _I want to listen.A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast【解析】B考查时态和语态。句意为：请保持安静行吗? 我想听正在广播的天气报告。说话间正在发生的动作，应用进行时同时表示被动含义。故选B。9（09湖南）9. The food here is nice enough. My friend _ me a right place.A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing【解析】B考查时态的用法。句意为：这里的食物不错。我的朋友介绍给我一个正确的地方。表示过去的行为。10.（09江西）10. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. were 【解析】A本题考查时态的用法。根据at present =now 可知，应用一般现在时。11.（09江西）11. - What is the price of petrol these days -Oh, it _ sharply since last month. A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased 【解析】B本题考查时态的用法。 根据since last month 可知应用现在完成时。12.（09江西）12. -Do you want a lift home? -Its very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _. A. doesnt go off B. wont gone C. wasnt going off D. didnt go on 【解析】D本题考查时态的用法。根据I overslept this morning 可知应用一般过去时。13.（09海南）13. His sister left home in 1998, and since.A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of【解析】B句意为：他的妹妹在1998年离开家，自从那时就没有音讯了。用现在完成时的否定结构。14.（09海南）14. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A. didnt know B. hadnt knownC. dont know D. havent known【解析】A句意为：爱德华,你打得好。但我不知道你弹钢琴。所谈论的是指过去行为，故用过去式。15.（09山东）15. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 【解析】C本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。16.（09山东）16. I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened 【解析】B本题考查具体语境中的时态，后一句隐藏的时间状语是at the time.【专题突破】动词时态和语态做题技巧如下：1. 根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态动词时态须与句中时间状语一致。高考题常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。因此敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态。2. 根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态近年来的高考试题一般不再单纯考查主从句的时态呼应,而是将其放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查,也会结合强调结构等其它语法现象进行考查。 考生在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点：在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,一般过去时态表示过去将来时态,用现在完成时态表示将来完成时态。 正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。 解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则: 如果主句动词为现在时态,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态，如果主句动词为过去时态,则从句动词须用合适的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态)。3. 根据具体的语言环境选择时态近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。考生要捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。1So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen2Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today. Aarent; are Barent; were Cwerent; are Dwerent; were 3They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far. Ahad been working; are still working Bhad worked; were still working Chave worked; were still working Dhave worked; are still working4The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. Achange Bhas changed Cchanging Dhave changed5With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. Ais washing away Bis being washed away Care washing away Dare being washed away6-_David and Vicky _married? -For about three yearsAHow long were；being BHow long have；gotCHow long have；been DHow long did；get7When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. Astarted; had already hidden Bhad started; had already hiddenChad started; was hiding Dwas starting; hid8If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasing9They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far. Ahad been working; are still working Bhad worked; were still working Chave worked; were still working Dhave worked; are still working10As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. Ayou will come Bwill you come Cyou come Ddo you come11We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know12I got caught in the rain and my suit_.A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined13 The heros story differently in the newspapers.Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported14Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. Ahad considered Bhas been considering Cconsidered Dis going to consider 参考答案及解析1.【解析】D 根据时间状语so far可知道用现在完成时，故选D2.【解析】C本题考查时态。由第二个空后的时间状语today可知第二个空应使用现在时态，故淘汰B、D两项，又因为句子内容是在不同时期的continents的位置进行对比，因此，应选择C项。 3.【解析】A 此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。4.【解析】B句中有since引导时间状语，这说明主句应为完成时，淘汰A、C。又因主语life为单数，淘汰D项，故选B。5.【解析】D句意为“随着更多森林被毁，每年有许多良田被冲”。本题考查主谓一致及被动语态问题。a large quantity of /large quantities of 后既可以加不可数名词也可以加复数名词，其谓语动词与quantity的数保持一致。6.【解析】C 从答语For about three years判断，该题问的是动作持续了多久，用现在完成时，排除A、D选项。get married强调的是结婚这一动作，不能延续，排除B。be married表示已婚的状态，可以延续。7.【解析】A此题考查的是时态问题。此题句意为“当老人开始往家走时，太阳已经下山了”。太阳落山的动作发生在开始往家走之前，即从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选A。 8.【解析】A 在条件状语从句（if，as long as，even if）、时间状语从句（when，until，before，the moment）中往往用一般现在时表示将来。 9.【解析】A 此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。10.【解析】A本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据宾语从句应使用陈述语序，淘汰B、D两项，又因为宾语从句come和see发生的时间为将来的动作就直接选用将来时态。只有在状语从句中才可以用一般现在时表示将来的动作，而宾语从句中不可，因此淘汰C。11.【解析】C用过去完成时，有过去时间2000，表达过去的过去。12.【解析】C在句子的情景中,表示“淋雨造成的结果”。故选C13.【解析】A句意为“那位英雄的故事与在报纸上报道的不一样”。根据句意可判断英雄的事迹被报道为过去的事，所以用过去时的某个语态，排除C项；B、D两项为主动语态，不符合题干要求。14.【解析】B 根据所提供的情景but she hasnt decided yet 说明了Lucy还在考虑这件事，要用现在完成进行时，表示动作还在继续。【学法导航】考生在复习备考中要掌握基本、牢记特殊、分析结构、理解语境。综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在15个单项选择中，考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道，动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。然而,英语时态多16种,常用的也有8种之多,且近几年的高考在考查时态时,形式灵活多样,多体现在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题,这样无形中增加了试题的难度。其实，分析近几年的时态语态题，我们不难发现其命题的三个角度：一是直接给定时间状语，考生可直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出判断并选择最佳答案。考生应对的策略是：1.捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参考信息”，如：havent said, was doing等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。2.要求考生解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路： 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些？ 这个动作处于什么时态，是进行中，还是已经结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？ 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。【专题综合】1.The number of people, who have access to their own cars, _sharply in the past decadeArose Bis rising Chave risen Dhas risen2一I like British culture very much，and I once went to London. 一How long _ there?A.did you stay Bhave you stayed Cwere you staying Dhad you stayed3.If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it_all day.Arained Brains Chas rained Dis raining4. This kind of cloth _ well. I think it is worthy _.A. washes; buying B. is washed; buying C. washes; to be bought D. is washed; to be bought5. I would have come earlier，but I _that you were waitingAdidnt know Bhadnt known Cwouldnt know Dhavent know6.John and Lucia got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? No, I_ a lecture in another city.Agave Bhave given Chad given Dwas giving7. The professor, as well as his wife，_see a film tonightAis Bis going to Care going to Dhave gone to8. How dangerous it was！Yes，but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl _ . Awas drowned Bwould have been drowned C had drowned Dshould be drowned9. Every day the boy, together with his classmates, _ to go to the playground and _ football, _ themselves.A. are noticed; play; enjoying B. is noticed; plays; enjoyingC. are noticed; plays; enjoys D. is noticed; play; enjoying 10. Next time you _here，lets have lunch together Awill be Bare Chave been Dwere 11. It seems water _ from this tap for some time. Well have to take it apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking12. Dont you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting?Yes. I really didnt think she _ here. A. has been B. had been C. would be D. would have been13. Our team was ahead during the first half, but we _ in the last ten minutes.A. had lost B. would lose C. were losing D. lost14. Look! How long _ like this? Three weeks! Its usual here that rain _ without stopping these days of the year.A. has it rained; pours B. has it been raining; poursC. is it raining; is pouring D. does it rain; pours15. Can I help you, Madam? No, thanks. I_. A. have just looked around B. just look around C. just looked around D. am just looking around16. I havent seen you for ages. Where have you been? I _ on leave in Europe. A. have been B. am C. was D. had been17. Have you heard from Janet recently? No, but I _ her over Christmas. A. saw B. will be seeing C. have seenD. have been seeing18. Tom came back home the day before yesterday. Really? Where _ at all?A. had he been B. has he been C. had he goneD. has he gone19. Whats the matter? You look worried and restless. Oh, nothing really serious. As a matter of fact, I _ of my graduation thesis. I have to hand it in soon.A. am just thinkingB. just thought C. have just thought D. was just thinking20. Why? Where is the key to the sound lab? Dear me! You _ it in the taxi！A. have never leftB. never left C. havent leftD. didnt leave21. What were you up to when she dropped in? I _ for a while and _ some reading.A. was playing; was going to do B. played; didC. had played; was going to do D. had played; did22. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed参考答案及解析1.【解析】D in the past years通常和完成时连用，排除A 和B；由The number of people可知应用单数形式，因此排除C。2.【解析】A 又”and I once went to London” 可知是对过去事情的陈述，因此应用一般过去时，意思是：你那时在那呆了多长时间？3.【解析】A If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.此句是对过去事情的假设，但事实上下了一天雨，根据句意，最后一句应用一般过去时，表示对过去事实的陈述。4.【解析】C动词wash 一般用主动形式表示被动意义，排除B和 D两项；be worthy to do sth值得做某事，固定搭配，因此选C。5.【解析】A I would have come earlier这句是对过去事情的假设，后半句是对过去事情的陈述，强调刚才我不知道你们在等待，事实上现在已经知道了，因此应用一般过去时。6.【解析】D last week可知事情发生在过去，Did you go to their wedding? 是对过去事情的提问，回答也应用过去时，排除选项B。根据题意，强调上周John 和 Lucia结婚时我正在另外一个城市演讲，应用过去进行时，因此选D。7.【解析】B由tonight 这个时间状语可知应用一般将来时态，排除A D两项；根据主谓一致，这个句子的主语是The professor，谓语动词应用单数形式，因此答案为B。8.【解析】B句意：要不是过路者的迅速行动，那个女孩有可能会溺水。这是对过去事情的假设，应用虚拟语气，主句部分吧时态应用情态动词+ have done 这种形式，根据据以，应用被动语态，因此选B9.【解析】D 这句话的主语是the boy, 因此第一个空应用单数形式，排除选项A 和C；play football和go to the playground为并列短语，跟在不定式to 的后面，因此排除B。10【解析】B 本题考查时态的用法。在时间、条件状语从句中，从句应用现在时表将来。Next time引导的是一个表示将来的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时的形式；have lunch together是一个表示一般将来的事情。11.【解析】D根据句中时间状语for some time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续，故应排除选项A、C。由于选项B现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以排除选项B，选D现在完成进行时。12.【解析】C根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didnt think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事，故应选过去将来时。13.【解析】D but前后两个半句应用相同时态，后半句是在说比赛结果，应用一般过去时lost。14.【解析】B问某种状态持续多长时间，应用现在完成进行时，而第二个空是指一般状态，故用一般现在时，选B。15.【解析】D此处用I am just looking around表示我只是正在随便看看，just可以和现在进行时连用，表示只是怎么怎么样。16.【解析】C 此题可能会误选A，前者说“我好几年未见你，去哪儿了？”可见他已经回来，因此他去欧洲的动作已发生过了，应用过去时来回答where have you been? A则是说我有去过欧洲的事实。17.【解析】B 第一句中用了have，而第二句回答No，所以说话人近来都没有Janet的消息，而A、C、D都表示有她的消息，所以只能选B，表示将来进行时。18.【解析】A come back是过去，而问句中的动作发生在came back之前，是过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时，而且Tom已经回来，所以要用been，而gone是去了还未回来。19.【解析】D考查动词的时态与语态。从会话可知，答话人是在解释他look worried and restless 的原因，因为他（刚才）是在思考毕业论文的事，这是说话前的那个时刻正在发生的事情。故应用过去进行时描写正在进行的动作。20.【解析】B 考查语境。答语“你千万别把它忘在出租车里！”表示吃惊。而“忘”这一动作应用一般过去时，但否定口气应用never。因为句子用的是感叹号，不应用D项。又如：You never left the key in the lock! （你总不会把钥匙留在锁孔里吧！）21.解析】C 由第一句可判断出第二句描述的事情发生在过去，for a while是相对于when she dropped in来说的when she dropped in，“我已经玩一会儿了”，因此该用过去完成时态再看后一个动作，承接前面for a while，仍然在过去，had played for a while之后，因此应用过去将来时，表示过去那个时间将要发生的动作，故选C22.【解析】D此题考查的是动词的时态。句意：（那时）我的注意力没有集中在他所说的内容，因此，恐怕有一半没听到。missed表示“（那时）没听到”。所以要用过去时态。选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 (按ctrl 点击打开)1. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he _ more in one day than I do in a week.A. has earned B. had earnedC. earns D. is earning2. The plane for Glasgow _ at 10:05 on Tuesday morning.A. is leavingB. has leftC. leaves D. was leaving3. Justin _ rock music to classical.A. preferred B. was preferringC. has preferred D. is preferring4. That dinner was the most expensive meal we _.A. would have B. have hadC. have never had D. had ever had5. I _ all day today and I _ rather tired now.A. have worked; am B. worked; amC. have worked; have been D. worked; was6. I _ to Las Vegas before you _ back next week.A. am going; come B. shall go; comeC. am going; will come D. shall go; will come7. He _ in Italy when he _ the accident.A. traveled; hadB. was travelling; hadC. traveled; was having D. has traveled; has8. Susan _ to her grandmothers village for her summer holidays when she _ young.A. used to go; was B. went; used to beC. has gone; isD. used to go; was9. Did you wait for him very long? Yes, I _ to bed until five in the morning.A. did go B. didnt goC. had gone D. went10. He ran out crying as soon as I _ him the bad news.A. toldB. tellC. have told D. had told11. Ten years have passed since we last _ in London.A. meet B. have metC. metD. had met12. Havent you graduated from college?Yes, _.A. I study French for two yearsB. I studied French for two yearsC. I am studying French for two yearsD. I have studied French for two years13. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happening B. to happenC. has happenedD. had happened14. She _ the baby to see if hes got a temperature.A. feelsB. is feelingC. has felt D. felt15. Why _ the milk? Has it gone off?A. are you smelling B. do you smellC. did you smellD. have you smelled1._ my brother several times today but his line was always busy.A.Id phoneB.Ive phonedC.I was phoning D.Ive been phoning2._ that dress when I first saw you at the airport?A.Have you worn B.Were you wearingC.Did you wearD.Do you wear3.Standing in front of him was a man that she _ before.A.never saw B.has never seenC.never seesD.had never seen4.All the color TV sets _ out before we arrived.A.are soldB.have been soldC.will be soldD.had been sold5.Why dont you put the milk in the fridge? It _ fresh for a while.A.will be staying B.will stayC.staysD.has stayed6.I _ you not to move my dictionarynow I cant find it!A.asked B.was askingC.ask D.had asked7.According to the art dealer, the paining _ to go for at least a million dollars.A.is expecting B.expectsC.expected D.is expected8.At this time tomorrow _ over the Pacific Ocean.A.were going to flyB.well be flyingC.were to fly D.well fly9.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A.would survive B.will surviveC.are surviving D.are to survive10.A new hospital _ in the village.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is builtC.has been builtD.is being built11.The police _ for the thief everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.searched B.have searchedC.were searching D.are searching12.Tom _ football with other boys when he should have been doing his homework.That is why his mother scolded him.A.played B.was playingC.had been playing D.had played 13.Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A.will requestB.are requestingC.requested D.are requested14.What time _ the next train _ for London?At 10:30.A.does;
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