语法之定语从句教学设计.doc

语法：定 语 从 句 【课程标准】：1.掌握定语从句的基本知识2.掌握定语从句中各关系代词和关系副词的习惯用法【考试大纲】1.关系词的使用，特别是which, that, when, where等2.介词和关系代词连用时，介词的选用3.只用that的情况4.只用which的情况5.关系代词与关系副词的选用【课标与考纲解读】定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；由whose, where, that,和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句【教材分析】 复合句是英语语言中重要的句子结构之一，定语从句是英语语法学习的一大难关，从句的学习应加强对语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思考能力。定语从句一直贯穿高中学习，此节课主要是复习定语从句的基本知识点和几个重点。【学情分析】在以前的学习中，学生们已经学过了定语从句这个语法项目。对这个语法有了一定的认识，本节的难点在于学生们对于介词+关系代词以及关系代词和关系副词的区别难以区分，有所混淆。通过本课的学习，掌握定语从句的各种结构和用法，培养了学生的认知策略；通过定语从句的运用，培养了学生的交际策略，引导他们理解语言规则，熟悉各种语言现象。【重点.难点】1.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的不同功能，如that, which和where,when的用法区别2.介词+关系代词的用法【教学设计】一 关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词： 指人： who whom 指物： which 指人，指物：that whose归纳总结： 1） 在定语从句中做定语时用_不可省略。whose + n= _2 .which; that的区别 观察例句，进行总结 There is nothing that can prevent me from learning English.This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the only book I want to buy.They talked about the teachers and schools that they remembered.Which is the bike that you lost? 总结：下列情况下只能用that引导定语从句，不能用which1） 当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时There seems to be nothing that is impssible to him in the world.2） 当先行词被序数词修饰或被形容词最高级修饰时3） 当先行词被the only,the very修饰时This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.4） 当先行词前面有who,which等疑问词或先行词是who时Who is the man that is standing by the gate?5） 当先行词为人与物时 Eg: Beacause of my poor memory, all _you told me has been forgotten. The only thing _ we can do is to give you some money. What is the first American film _ you have seen. 下列情况只能用which引导定语从句，不能用that The book, which you bought for me, was lost. This is the house in which I lived when I was young. 1） 在非限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用which 不用that.注：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰作用;而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。友情提示：非限制性定语从句中有时所修饰的不是前面一个词而是整个句子。 He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.2) 当动词短语中的介词提前时用which, 不用thatEg. Anyway, that evening , _ I will tell you later , ended up staying at Rechels place. A. it B. that C. which D. when John said he had ben working in the office for an hour, _was true. A. he B.this C. which D. who She was educated at Beijing University, _she went to have her advanced study aborad. A after which B. from which C. from that D. after that思考：介词应如何选择？4. 介词+关系代词 Great changes are taking place in the city _ _ we live. This is our parents _ _ we depend when we are in trouble. Here is the money _ _ to buy a piano. Our factory produces half a million pairs od shoes every year, 80%_ _are sold aboard. 总结：在 “介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用_,_.即：介词+_/_ 在这结构中，介词的选择可依据下列几点：1）看介词和定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配。2）看介词和前面先行词的习惯搭配。3）表示 “所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of 。4）看介词与定语从句中的形容词的习惯搭配。介词+关系代词还可以出现在下列情况： I have many friends, some of whom are teachers. We saw an old man sitting in the street corner, in front of which was a hat.China has a lot of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.1） 用 “不定代词some/all/any +of which/whom ”结构引导的非限制性定语从句。2） 用 “复合介词+whom/which”结构引导的非限制性定语从句3） 用 “形容词最高级、比较级+ of which/whom” 结构引导的非限制性定语从句友情提示：I have many friends, some of whom are teachers. _are teachers. _are teachers.Eg. 改正下句中的错误之处： 1.This is the teacher to whom we have learned a lot.2. I live in a room ,the windows of that face south.3.The old man had 3 sons, two of them died in the war.4.The colorless gas(气体) which we cannot live is called oxygen.5.There are 60 students in our class, all of who get on well with each other.6.October1,1949 was the day which the Peoples Republic of China was founded.思考： 上面第六个句子中除了用on which之外还可用别的词替换吗？填上下面句子并比较二关系副词引导的定语从句：when where why October1,1949 was the day _ _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.October1,1949 was the day_ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.October1,1949 was the day _we will never forget. This is the school_ _ I used to work when young.This is the school_ I used to work when young.This is the school _ is famous in Zhangqiu. I dont know the reason _ _he is absent today.I dont know the reason _he is absent today.The reason _he told me is unbelievable. 归纳：1）关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 “_+_”来代替 2) 先行词表示时间，地点，原因时，引导词不一定就是when,where, why要看他们在句中担当的成分。关系代词在句中作_,_,_.关系副词在句中作_.Eg: 词排序组句子：1. the teacher the reason for class late why didnt he was believe _.2. I the place we met cant where forget for the first time_.3. Jinan I my birthday the day when went to was_.4. I three books the forst was given like I most which of _.5. a computer spent bought I money my I all which on_.三知识运用：请选你最喜欢的一个人（例如父母，同学，师长-），用英语写三个定语从句，其中可以包括以下内容：对人物的简单介绍，喜欢该人物的理由例：The person whom I like is- She is a girl who is always - I can tell you the reason why -高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句： 定语从句的考点之一 正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如： （1）Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper? Well, _ is OK with me. A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; whatever D. where ; something 选A。 （2）The wrong youve done him is terrible, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 选B。 定语从句的考点之二 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如： （3）He should stand near the stage _ he could watch and follow the play. A. where B. when C. that D. there 选A。 （4）Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable. A. for which B. which C. why D. what 选B。 （5）We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 选D。 定语从句的考点之三 当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。例如： （6）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 选D。 （7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan. （8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office. 定语从句的考点之四 定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如： （8）He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. which I think is C. which I think it D. I think which is 选B。 （9）This is the hospital _ they visited last year and is the one _ I worked in five years ago Athat；where Bwhere；that Cwhere；where Dthat；that 选D。 （10）There are dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. that B. which C. where D. when 选C。 定语从句的考点之五 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which, 指人则用介词+whom, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如： （11）This flower doesnt do well in soil other than the one_ it has been specially developed Afor which Bthat Cof which Dwhere 选A。 （12）Anyway, that evening, _I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 选D。 定语从句的考点之六 关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的定性定语从句有正如之意，而which引导的没有。 例如： （13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _ we could not work out. A. that B. which C. as D. even 选C。 （14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 选D。 （15）_ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 选B。 定语从句的考点之七 解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。例如： （16）The teacher wanted to teach us _ he knew at this last lesson. A. all which B. all what C. of which D. everything which 选B。 （17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 选B。 （18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 选C。 （19）_is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach A. It B. What C. As D. Which 选 A （20）_is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which 选C。 （21）_is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which 选B。 虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定就能把握定语从句的用法。【迁移运用】练习：1.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. A. that B.which C. what D. whom2.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom3.Have you seen the film Titanic , _leading actor is world famous. A. its B. its C. whose D. which4.The United States is made up of fifty states, one of _is seperated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. A. them B. those C. which D. whose5. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _was beyond his wildest dram. A. which B. that C. where D. it 6.I drove to Jinan for the first air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where7. Rencently I bought an ancient vase, _was very reasonable. A. which price B. its price C. the price of whose D. the price of which8.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where9. All the passengers and suitcases _were still waiting on the broken-down old bus had to be transferred to another long-distance bus. A. they B. who C. that D. which10. Just like a voyageat sea, our life journey, _days are limited, is full of difficulties.选择填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. whichD. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD. form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whichC. thatD. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whereC. in whichD. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whoseB. who C. whomD. which29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. itB. whichC. thatD. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. in that32. - What game is popular with them?- The _ most is tennis.A. game they like itB. game they likeC. best game they likeD. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during which timeD. during which34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. whenB. thatC. at whichD. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. whichB. asC. thatD. it38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. WhatB. As C. ThatD. Which39. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who40. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. both of whichD. all of which41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. whyB. whichC. for thatD. of which42. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.A. whichB. whatC. itD. that43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article.A. followingB. followedC. to followD. that followed44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. ItB. WhichC. AsD. That45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected.A. that was whatB. what was thatC. and which wasD. which was what46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. whenB. asC. whoseD. what47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A. whenB. asC. whoseD. what48. He is absent _ is often the case.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. as49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when50. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which51. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. that, whichB. when, whichC. which, thatD. when, who52. This is the only book _ I can find.A. thatB. whichC. itD. with which53. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which54. That is one of those books that _ worth reading.A. isB. areC. has D. have55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting _ the best.A. isB. areC. has D. have56. There was _ to prevent the accident.A. something could doB. anything we could doC. nothing we couldnt doD. nothing we英语定语从句常见错误例析一 . 误用关系词1. Ill never forget the days when we spent together on the farm.2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month.分析：定语从句的先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系词不一定都是 when 或 where .关系词的选择主要取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。如果从句的谓语动词是及物动词而且其后没有宾语，就用关系代词 that 或 which 作宾语。如果从句的谓语动词是不及物动词或者是后面已经有了宾语的及物动词，就用关系副词。在句 1 和句 2 中，从句谓语动词 spent 和 visit 都是及物动词，而且后面又没有宾语，所以应分别将 when 和 where 改为 that 或 which .二 . 宾语重复1. As we all know it， the earth is round.2. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carried out the next month.分析：如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，则谓语动词后面就不能再有宾语。在句 1 中，关系代词 as 作从句谓语动词 know 的宾语，因此， it 就是多余的，应去掉。在句 2 中，关系代词 that 在从句中作动词 see 的宾语，因此 it 也是多余的，应去掉。三 . 缺少先行词或关系词1. Is this park where his father works？2. I went to the village they grew up.分析：定语从句前面必须有先行词和关系词。在句 1 中，关系副词 where 前缺少先行词，所以应在 where 前面加上先行词 the one （代表 this park ）。在句 2 中，先行词 the village 和定语从句之间缺少关系词，谓语动词 grew up 为不及物动词，所以应在先行词 the village 后面加上关系副词 where .四 . whose 的误用1. I live in a house whose the window faces south.2. This is the student whoses parents died in the fire.分析： whose 在定语从句中作定语时，应将其放到被修饰的名词前面，该名词前不能再有其他限定词。因此句 1 中应去掉 window 前面的定冠词 the .句 2 中的 whoses 是错误的，因此应去掉“ s ”。五 . 忽略标点符号的作用1. The old man has three sons， all of them are workers.2. Dont carry the pan out of the kitchen， in that case you might have the house on fire.分析：在使用定语从句时，如果主句和从句之间用了逗号，就意味着逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句。如果关系词出现在介词的后面，则应为关系代词 whom， whose （指人）或 which （指物），不应该为 that 或 them .因此句 1 中的 them 应改为 whom ，句 2 中的 that 应改为 which .六 . 错认先行词1. I was the only one in the office that was invited to the party.2. Do you remember one afternoon in America where a terrible earthquake took place？分析：一般来说，先行词后面紧跟着关系词，其次再跟定语从句。但有时出于意思上的需要而在先行词和关系词之间插入了其他成分。在这种情况下确定哪一个是先行词，便是正确理解句子的关键。在句 1 中，先行词是 the only one 而不是 the office .因此应将 that 改为 who ，以免引起误解。在句 2 中，先行词是 one afternoon 而不是 America ，故应将 where 改为 when .七 . 不注重固定搭配1. Such person like him cant be depended on.2. He went to the same university which his brother did.分析：当先行词被 such 或 the same 修饰时，其后的定语从句常由 as 引导，因此， such as 和 the same as 是固定搭配。所以，应将句中 1 中的 like 改为 as ；将句 2 中的 which 改为 as .八 . 主谓不一致1. I， who is your brother， have the right to prevent you from doing that.2. She is one of the students who has passed the ex