德州专版2019中考英语总复习第三部分题型研析高分保障题型三短文还原课件.ppt

第三部分题型研析高分保障 题型3短文还原 解题技法指导 例题精析 2017 成都中考 Astimegoesby areyoustillthesamepersonyouwere Manyofyouwouldthinkyouare 1 Youcouldbeacompletelydifferentpersonwhenyougetold Psychologists 心理学家 attheUK sUniversityofEdinburghdidthestudyonagroupofScottishpeople 2 In1950 agroupofteachersgaveover1 20014 year oldstudentspersonalitytests 3 Theywereself confidence senseofresponsibility perseverance 耐性 strongwishestowin creativityandmoods 情绪 In2012 researcherssuccessfullyfound174ofthose1 200studentsandgavethematestsimilartotheonetheyhadreceivedbefore 4 Theyweresurprisedtofindgreatchangestoallsixpersonalitytraitsofthesepeople 5 Itwas asifthesecondtesthadbeengiventodifferentpeople thestudyreported Inthepast personalitywaswidelybelievedtobeunchangeable Thisnewstudymaybringsomefreshideastotheworld 主旨大意 这是一篇科普类说明文 文章主要介绍了 人们以前普遍认为人格是不可改变的 但随着时间的推移 人的性格会发生变化 短文用实验来验证了这一结论 1 D根据上句 Astimegoesby areyoustillthesamepersonyouwere Manyofyouwouldthinkyouare 随着时间的流逝 你还是原来的你吗 你们很多人都会认为自己是 可知 下句应该是 但是根据一项新的研究 你的个性可能会发生很大的变化 故选D 2 F根据上句 Psychologists 心理学家 attheUK sUniversityofEdinburghdidthestudyonagroupofScottishpeople 英国爱丁堡大学的心理学家对一群苏格兰人做了这项研究 可知 下句应该是 研究发现 几乎每个人的性格随着年龄的增长而改变 故选F 3 A根据上句 In1950 agroupofteachersgaveover1 20014 year oldstudentspersonalitytests 在1950年 一组教师对1200多名14岁学生进行了性格测试 及下句 Theywereself confidence senseofresponsibility perseverance strongwishestowin creativityandmoods 他们是自信 责任感 毅力 强烈的获胜愿望 创造力和情绪 可知 中间应该是 他们测试了六个基本的性格特征 故选A 4 B根据上句 In2012 researcherssuccessfullyfound174ofthose1 200studentsandgavethematestsimilartotheonetheyhadreceivedbefore 2012年 研究人员成功地找到了1200个学生中的174个 并给他们做了一个类似于他们以前接受过的测试 可知 下句应该是 然后他们比较了当时和现在的测试结果 故选B 5 E根据上句 Theyweresurprisedtofindgreatchangestoallsixpersonalitytraitsofthesepeople 他们惊奇地发现这些人的六个性格特征都发生了巨大的变化 可知 下句应该是 年轻的自己和老的自己每个人看起来都完全不同 故选E 技法点拨在阅读短文还原题给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点 该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句 文章整体内容 过渡性句子 文章结构 和注释性句子 上下文逻辑意义 三类 另外 多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除 例如 在干扰项中 主旨句概括要么过于宽泛 要么以偏概全或偏离主题 过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构 注释性句子与上文脱节等 根据这些 我们总结了一些解题技巧供大家参考 1 注意细节之间的联系 平时我们运用最多的四种逻辑关系 因果关系 转折关系 并列关系 顺序关系 在文章中寻找逻辑词和连接词 如表因果关系 because so 表转折关系 but however 表并列关系 and or 表顺序关系 时间顺序 动作顺序 2 注意主题与细节之间的关系 这类较为简单 一般在句首或句中挖空 3 注意大小主题之间的关系 此类题目较难 一般要通读全文 在全文中寻找答案 4 注意首段的末句以及末段的首句 多数情况下需要填的内容出现在这两个地方 做题步骤口诀读选项 排排序 读短文 找逻辑 先易后难 找顺序 定夺答案 再读文章 得分技巧口诀抓住过渡词 盯住上下句 看准横线的前后词语 即时运用Passage1 2016 德州中考 What sinaName Yournameisveryimportant Whenyouthinkofyourself youprobablythinkofyournamefirst 1 Rightnow thetwomostpopularnamesforbabiesintheUnitedStatesare Jacob forboysand Emily forgirls 2 Andwhyaresomenamesunpopular E D Namescanbecomepopularbecauseoffamousactors TVorbookheroes ortopplayers Popularnamesmeanverypositive 积极的 things Unpopularnamesmeannegative 消极的 things 3 Herearesomecommonopinionsaboutnamesfromarecentsurvey C 4 Thebiggestreasonistradition Theyhavenochoice Manypeoplearenamedafterafamilymember 5 Anamethatisunpopularnowmightbecomepopularinthefuture That sgoodnewsforalltheGeorgesandBettysoutthere A ChinesenamesaredifferentfromEnglishnames B Ofcourse opinionscanchangeovertime C Surprisingly peopleusuallyhavesimilaropinionsaboutnames D Whyarethesenamespopular E Becauseitisanimportantpartofyouridentity 身份 F Sowhydoparentsgivetheirchildrenunpopularnames F B Passage2 2017 北京中考改编 FromtheOtherSideLaraandTaraaretwins 1 buttheyareverydifferentineverythingelse Forexample hotfoodisLara sfavorite andTarahasasweetchoice However thisisn ttheproblemwiththetwingirls Theyalwaysarguedthattheoppositeonewaswrong 2 whileTarainsistedthatmorningswerefreshanditwasdifficulttostayuptillmidnight A E 3 Toputanendtotheirfights theirparentsdecidedtocreateasmalldrama Theywantedthegirlstounderstandthattheywerebothcorrectfromtheirownpointofview Theirparentscoveredthegirls eyeswithblackribbons andbroughtthemtothediningroom 4 LarawasaskedtostandononesideoftheboardandTaraontheother Theycouldn tseetheothersideofit Whentheribbonsweretakenaway theyweresurprisedtoseeahugeboardbetweenthem B D Now theirfatheraskedLara What sthecoloroftheboard Shereplied It sblack 5 Shereplied It swhite Thetwogirlsbegantoargueagain WhileLarawasconfidentitwasblack Tarawassureitwaswhite Then theywereaskedtoexchange 交换 theirplaces Theycouldn tbelievetheireyes Tara whoinsisteditwasawhiteboard sawablackone Similarly Lara whoarguedtheboardwasblack wasshockedtoseeawhiteone Theyunderstoodthateachofthemwasrightinherownview MostofusarelikeLaraandTara Wearerightmosttimes butinsistthatothersarewrong C A TheylooklikeeachotherB Foryears theirargumentscontinuedC TheirmotheraskedTarathesamequestionD Intheroom abigboardwasplacedinthemiddleE LarathoughtitwasterribletogetupearlyinthemorningF Theywenttoschooltogether Passage3 2017 云南中考 Thereisaseed 种子 Heissosmallthatnobodywantstolookathim 1 Oneday awindbringshimtoafieldinthesun Helooksaroundandaspatterofraincomestohim Thenhegrowsup Fouryearslater amansitsunderhim Themansays Thankyouforthis 2 Whatareyoutalkingabout theseedasks 3 Noonespeakstohimlikethat Whoisthis themanasks It sme I maseed Aseed Themanlooksatthebigtree 4 Youareatree abigtree C D F B Really Yes Peoplecameheretohavearestunderyourshade 树荫 Hearingthis theseed nowatree isveryhappy Oh ThatmeansI mnotasmallseedanymore 5 Wow EverybodycomestomeformyshadebecauseIamabigtreenow A Icanhelppeople B Youarenotaseed C Sotheseeddoesn tthinkheisimportant D Ireallyneedsomerest E Theseedisplantedinafield F Hethinksthemanislaughingathim A Passage4 2016 临沂中考 OnthefourthSundayofeveryNovember mostAmericansgettogetheraroundthedinnertabletocelebrateThanksgiving SpecialtraditionsintheUShavebeenaroundformanyyears 1 ThesearefourpopularThanksgivingtraditionsandhowtheystarted 2 ThefirstThanksgivingmealwasintheautumnof1621whenthefirsttravelersfromEnglandcelebratedtheirfirstharvest 收获 Butitwasn tmadeintoanofficial 官方的 holidayuntil1863 Thefirstlargemealhadturkey fruitsandvegetables whicharestillcommontoday C E 3 HistorianssaythefirsttravelersinvitedNativeAmericans 美洲印第安人 tothemealtothankthemforteachingthemhowtogrowfood Todayatthelargemeal friendsandfamilywillalsosaywhattheyaremostthankfulfor 4 Theparade 游行 includesverylargeballoonsthatlooklikecartooncharactersandbeautifulfloats 花车 thatcarryfamouspeople Therearealsomanymusicalperformancestowatch Thisparadestartedin1924 andtodayover44millionpeoplewatchitonTVorinNewYorkCity 5 PeoplestartedtowatchfootballonThanksgivingafewyearsafterthedaybecameanofficialholiday Today theNationalFootballLeaguetakesadvantageofthispopularityandhoststhreeNFLgameseveryThanksgiving A F B A Givingthanksiswhattheholidayisallabout B AmericanfootballissomethingpeoplebothwatchandplaywiththeirfamilyonTurkeyDay C However somepeopledon talwaysstoptothinkaboutwherethetraditionscamefrom D HereisonewaytomaketurkeyforaThanksgivingdinner E AlargemealistheimportanteventeveryThanksgiving F Everyyear thereisaMacy sThanksgivingDayParadeinNewYorkCity