中考复习专题-代词.docx

2011届中考复习 语法专项复习Pronouns代 词代词的分类1.人称代词2. 物主代词3.反身代词 4.不定代词 5.指示代词 6.疑问代词7.相互代词1.人称代词数单数复数人称一二三一二三主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey宾格meyouhim her itusyouthem用法（人称代词考点谓语动词是关键）1.人称代词作主语时用主格（动作发出者）， 作宾语时用宾格（动作承受者） * They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。 * She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 * Whos knocking at the door? Its me. 谁敲门？-是我。 3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 单数：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称” 复数： 一，二，三 * You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜欢音乐4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 * We love our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。5.(1)it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等 * What the weather like today? Its windy. 今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。(2)it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳 句式：Its + adj./n. +for sb./of sb.+ to do/doing * Its hard for the boy to reach the apples. * Its kind of the boy to help me.2.物主代词: 形容词性+n. = 名词性=n.I /me my mine You/you your yourshe /him his his she /her her hersit /it its its we /usour oursYou/you you yoursthey /them their theirs考点（物主代词）： 1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语（后必有名词） * His parents are very friendly.他的父母非常友善。2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语（相当于名词） * Whose dictionary is this? Its mine. 这字典是谁的？ - 是我的。 * Our room is big and theirs is small. 我们的房间大，他们的房间小。 * You may use my pen. Ill use hers. 你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 * These books arent ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours)4.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属 * A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。 * Tom is a friend of mine我的一个朋友 3.反身代词 单数(-self) myself yourself himself herself itself 复数(-selves) ourselvesyourselves themselves第一/二人称 形容词性物主代词 + self/selves第三人称 宾格 + self/selves考点：（反身代词）1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语(主语宾语是同一人)、表语和同位语 * He always only thinks of himself. He is really selfish. 他总是只想到自己。 * That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 * I myself can work the problem out. 我能亲自算出这道题 2.反身代词有以下常见搭配 enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alone help oneself to learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. 注意：oneself 有单复数之分 * I enjoy myself. * Children, help yourselves to some fish.4.不定代词 不指明被代替物的代词 （1） all, each, every, both, either, neither，none, one, little, few, many, much other, another, some, any, no （2）由some（肯定） any（否定，疑问） no, every （通用）等构成的合成代词 (物)something-anything-nothingeverything（人）somebody anybody nobody everybody（人）someone anyone no one everyone考点：几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 * There are some flowers in front of the house. any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 * Do you have any picture-books?注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中* Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉吗？ * May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？ * Could I have some apples? 我可以吃苹果吗？ * Will you give me some water? 你能给我些水吗？2. many/much （许多）lots of= a lot of= many/much( a lot 修饰句子，放在句末) many 修饰或指代复数名词: many + C.pl *There are many eggs in the basket. * Many of us like playing games. much 修饰或指代不可数名词 ：much + U. * He doesnt know too much English.3.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词，little/a little 修饰不可数名词 few, little 表示否定意义, 译为“没有几个”，“没有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点” * There are few people living here.这里几乎没人住。* There are a few students in the classroom.教室里有一些学生。* I know little English.我不懂英语。* I know a little English. 我懂一点英语。 few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a* There are quite a few new books in the library. 图书馆里颇有些新书。4.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 +单数名词 * I dont want this coat. Please show me another. other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 +单数/复数名词* Do you have any other questions?5. the other/others/the others the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个* He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor.2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些* Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.others泛指其他的人或物* He often helps others. * Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物* There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.6.every/each every单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用（三者以上）*Every child likes playing games. each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用（更多强调两者） *Each student was asked to try again. *Each of them has a nice skirt.7.all/none all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上都，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前* We are all from Canada. They all like English. none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可） * None of us is/are afraid of dogs8.both/either/neither（都是两者） both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数* My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers. neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数* Neither answer is right. either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数* There are trees on either side of the street. = There are trees on both sides of the street.有关词组及应用 A. both of/ either of/ neither of * Both of them swim well. 他们俩都游得很好。 * Either of you goes to Beijing. 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 * Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。B. bothand（谓语动词用复数形式） eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则) * Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 * Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 * Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。5.指示代词：表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括:this/that (单数) these/those (复数)1.） this,these指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物 *This is my shirt, thats yours. *These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan.2.）that, those常指前面（上文）提过的东西,以免重复 that指代单数或不可数名词，those-指代可数名词复数 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk. 3.）刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that *He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.4.）电话用语：this自己，that- 对方 * -Hello, this is Mary speaking. Is that Jim?补充：one：可指代上文提到的同类事物，但不是同一个，泛指。 （ones 复数） Your pen is nice, I want to buy one. it: 可指代上文提到的用一个事物。 Your pen is nice, I like it.