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知识点补充：必修4 Unit2 Words and expressions 导学案主备人: 郗广俊 审核人: 高一年级组【教师寄语】Knowledge makes humble,ignorance makes proud. ( )【学习目标】1、熟记本单元重点词汇的音、形、义；2、学会适当运用重点单词。【学习重点】学习本单元重点单词和短语的用法【学习难点】1、.活学活用重点词汇。2、同义词、近义词的辨析【学法指导】注重词汇运用的语言环境和搭配，重在理解【课时安排】2课时学习过程：、课前自主学习：预习单词和短语的读音、拼写、意义和用法，并尝试完成预设的题目。（一）基本单词1_ vi.& n斗争；拼搏；努力2_ n十年；十年期3_ vt.& vi.使变大；伸展4_ vt.& vi.循环；流传5_ adv.因此；所以；因而6_ n工作；职业；占领7_ vt.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔8_ n焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦9_ vt.减少；减缩10_ n评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论（二）派生单词11_ n饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿_ adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的12_ vt.& vi.配备；装备_(不可数) n设备13_ vt.& vi.输出；出口_(反义词) vt.& vi.输入；进口14_ vt.使迷惑；使为难_adj.令人迷惑的_adj.感到迷惑的_n迷惑15_ n总结；摘要；概要_vt.总结（三）重点短语1幸亏；由于；因为thanks _2摆脱；除去rid _3对感到满意be satisfied _4宁愿；宁可would_5逐渐增强；建立；开发build_6导致；造成(后果)lead_7集中(注意力、精力等)于focus_8使免受(影响；伤害等)；使不含(有害物) keep.free_、课堂展示研讨：1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力e.g. They were struggling to get out the burning car.他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。The book is about their struggle for liberation.这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。词语归纳 struggle for 为而斗争 struggle with / against与作斗争struggle to do sth.努力做某事 straggle to one s feet挣扎着站起来a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗练习 A级）1). They are _ (为而斗争) the positionA级）2). They struggled all through the years _ us _ the Japanese.(介词)A级）3). The fox struggled _ (escape).B级）4). He _ _ _ _ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.2. expand v.扩大；扩展；增加；增长；（使）膨胀；阐述；使变大常用结构：expand.into.将扩展/发展成expand on 阐述；详谈He is thinking of expanding his business. 他在正考虑扩大他的生意。In ten years the citys population expanded by 12%. 十年之中,该市人口增加了百分之十二。联想拓展expansion n. 展开；膨胀；扩展expansive adj. 广阔的；易膨胀的易混辨析expand/extend/spread/stretchexpand 意为“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。extend 意为“伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度，宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。spread 意为“传播；蔓延；铺开”。一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播（疾病），散布（信息）等。stretch 意为“伸展(身体等)，拉长；连绵”，一般指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展，不是加长。 知识点补充：高手过招选词填空A级）（expend/extend/spread/stretch）（原创）The fire soon to the nearby houses.The tourist season from May till October. A balloon when it is blown up.The cat out in front of the fire.3. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.u 装备；设备Eg:1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。2). A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。重点用法 equip sb./sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为而武装某人；为而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备练习 : A级）1). The soldiers were well _ _ (装备好了) weapons. A级）2). We must equip young teachers _ _ _ (对付) difficult children. A级）3). This library is equipped _ (介词) atomic research.B级）4). Our classroom _ _ _ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.4. regret (regretted) vt. (对)遗憾；惋惜 n.c,u 遗憾；惋惜Eg:1). If you go now, you ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。重点用法 regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知 regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 regret that 遗憾/后悔练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。A级）1). I now regret _ (leave) school so young.A级）2). _ _ _ _(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.A级）3). I regret _ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed. 5. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低 Eg:1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤。2)The reform has reduced us to servants of the State.这一改革把我们都降为公务员了.重点用法 reduce sth (from.) to. 把某物从减少到 reduce sth. by. 减少多少练习 A级）1). We must reduce our expenses _ 300 yuan a month. A级）2). Their output has been reduced _ 10 percent.A级）3). He reduced his weight _ 6 kilos.6. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. c,u 焦点；中心点 Eg:1). Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。重点用法 focus on集中于focus (ones attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于 练习 A级） 1). The focus of recent research has been _ (介词) environmental issues. A级）2). All eyes _ _ (集中于) her.A级）3). They focused their mind on _ (do) the experiment. 7.comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. c, u 评论；议论 Eg:1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。2). “Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”重点用法 comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论练习 A级） 1). Have you any comment(s) _ (make) on the recent developments? B级）2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _ _ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made. A级）3). She was asked about the pay increase but _ _ _ (不进行评论) on it.8.occupation n.工作；职业；占领 occupy vt 占领，占据be occupied with sth./ in doing sth.使忙于，使从事eg: He is occupied with./ in writing a novel .词义辨析：occupation / job / work / employment / career / professionoccupation指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。job非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。work多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为work。employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。career指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业,带有崇高色彩。profession 指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性的脑力劳动。A级）1). She has a good _ in the bank. 2). She is an architect by _. A级）3). She abandoned her stage _.A级）4). Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find _. A级）5). Please write down your name, _ and address here in the form.重点词组1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语) Eg:1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助,减少了许多麻烦。2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。重点用法 thanks to =because of /owing to /due to （不放在句首）/thanks to /on account of /as a result of eg:1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident. 知识点补充：2). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. 3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow. 4). Thanks to him, I m getting better and better. 5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game. 练习 翻译句子。 B级）1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。_ B级）2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句) _B级）3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。_2. rid sb./sth. of. 使某人/某物摆脱 1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。 重点用法 rid 短语：be rid of 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠 rid oneself of debt 还清债务类似用法动词inform/ warn/ cure /remind sb. of 通知/警告/治愈/提醒某人练习 翻译填空。A级）1). He struggled to _ _ _ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.A级）2). He was a boring nuisance! I m glad to _ _ _ (摆脱他的纠缠) him.A级）3). I still cant _ _ _ (摆脱) my cold.A级）4).The sales manager asked his men to _ _ _ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.A级）5). The passengers _ _ _ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.3. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发典例 1). You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。练习 翻译填空。A级）1). Slowly a thick layer of fat _ _ (越聚越多) on the pans surface.A级）2). Exercise will help _ _ (增强) the muscles. A级）3). They have finally _ _ (建立) a big company.4. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往 Eg: 1). This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。2). His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。短语归纳 lead短语：lead sb. to 把某人带到lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事练习 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。A级）1). The events _ _ the start of the First World War.2).What led him _ (kill) his wife? 3). He had led everyone _ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.4). Our research led us _ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.5). Too much work and too little rest often _ _ illness.6). He will lead the party of scientists _ (do) the research. 7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ success.8). The driver s carelessness _ _ the serious traffic accident.5. keep.free from/of = protect sb./sth. from. 使免受(影响/伤害)；使不含(有害物) 1). We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。2). I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol.我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。练习 根据句子意思填空。A级）1). We ve managed to _ the garden _ _weeds this year.A级）2). Relaxation exercises can _ your body _ _ tension. 6. be satisfied with = be content with 对表示满足或满意Eg.1). I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。2). Youve done well at school. Im very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。重点用法sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意 sb.be satisfied with sth.be satisfied to do 对做感到满意 be satisfied that clause 对做感到满意a satisfied smile 满意的微笑 to sb s / sth s satisfaction 使某人满意的是far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one s work 从自己的工作中得到满足练习 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。A级）1). I am not _ (satisfy) with your work. You must improve it. 2). The result doesn t _ (satisfy) me. 3). What he has done is far from _ (satisfy).知识点补充：4). He hung up the phone, _ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.5). It can be very _ (satisfy) to work in the garden.6). Finance officials expressed _ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.7.would rather 宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,1）Hed rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。2）Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。 3）You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。 would rather+从句，虚拟语气句型 谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。 Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend.would rather dothan do或would do rather than do的句型表示“宁愿而不愿，与其宁可”的意思时，也可用 prefer doing to doing或prefer to do rather than doI would rather go to work by bike than by bus、课堂知识检测A级）1Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice!Ato take BtakingCnot to take Dnot takingA级）2 If I ruled the world I would _ the world _ wars, killers and everything else that is bad.Aget rid of; by Bbe rid of; byCrid; of Dget rid; ofB级）3 One primary goal of UNESCO is to _ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.Amake up Bpolish upCbuild up Dtake upA级）4 Through determination, she had learned to read and write and _ to become part of the leadership of the village.Aappeared BstruggledChesitated DfailedA级）5.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree. A. sticking to B. leading to C. turning to D. referring to A级）6. The experts advise _ our army _ modern weapons.A. to equip; with B. equipping; withC. to equip; for D. equipping; for B级）7.All classes of this school are with modern . A. equipped; equipment B. equipped; equipmentsC. equipping; equipments D. equipping; equipmentA级）8.Shall we go skating or stay at home? Which do yourself? A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather A级）9He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be_pain in the leg.Afar from Baway fromCapart from Dfree fromA级）10.Id rather the basketball match last night. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. A. not have watched B. not watchC. hadnt watch D. havent watch课后反思与小结:_.1.struggle2.decade3.expand4.circulate5.therefore6.occupation7.regret8.focus9.reduce10.comment11.hunger；hungry12.equip；equipment13.export；import14.confuse；confusing；confused；confusion15.summary；summarize.1.to2.of3.with4.rather5.up6.to7.on8.from9.Thanks to10.led to11.focused on12.free from13.rid；of单词 1.1). struggling for 2). with; against 3). to escape 4). struggled to his feet2. .spread extends expands stretched 3.1). equipped with 2). to deal with 3). for 4). is equipped with4.1). leaving / having done 2). Much to my regret/To my great regret 3). to inform 5.1). to 2). by 3). By 6.1). on 2). focussed on 3). doing7.1). to make 2). commented that 3). made no comment8.1). job 2). profession/occupation 3). career 4). employment 5). occupati2短语1.1). Thanks to the new policy, we are now having a happy life.2). It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.3). I was late thanks to the traffic jam.2.1). rid himself of 2). rid the country of3). be rid of 4). get rid of 5). inform him of 6). are warned of3.1). builds up 2). build up 3). built up 41). led to 2). to kill 3). to believe 4). to 5). leads to 6). in doing 7). leads to 8). led to / resulted in5.1). keep; free of 2). keep; free of 6.1). satisfied 2). satisfy 3). satisfactory 4). satisfied 5). satisfying 6). Satisfaction
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