广东高考基础写作题解读及备考训练策略.doc

广东高考基础写作题解读及备考训练策略 深圳市宝安中学 程小明一、近三年的命题特点 近三年的广东高考基础写作题都是控制性作文，要求考生在10分钟内（考纲所提供的参考时间）用5个句子表达所提示的全部写作内容, 且在表达时做到句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。其命题特点列表如下：项目年份形式体裁话题思想教育每句平均词数时态短语或固定搭配主要句型2007表格调查报告偶像崇拜树立正确的偶像观171.一般现在时2.一般过去时1.do/make/conduct a survey2.chooseas 3.rank the first (second)1.The survey shows2.while(表对比)3.The data shows或As the data shows,2008提纲介绍文奥运项目关注奥运151.一般过去时2.现在完成时1.develop into2.at the end of 19th century3.an Olympic event 4.compete in1.be +过去分词(被动语态)2.It was not untilthat(强调句型)3.Not untildid(倒装句)4.but/and.(并列句)2009提纲采访报告中学生近视问题爱护自己的眼睛181.一般现在时2.一般过去时1.have an interview with2.rank the first3.be related with/to1.He pointed out that2.He suggested that3.He reminded us that(宾语从句)4.According to, .5.so.that. 从上表可以得出以下几点结论：1.近三年的基础写作题都是应用文体裁，话题贴近中学生生活，时代感强，且寓思想教育于考题之中。2.这几年的基础写作题都不会单纯考单一的时态，而主要考一般现在时态和一般过去时态的交叉使用。3.考生在表达中需要用到的短语和句型非常丰富，考生若没有扎实的语言基本功是做不好基础写作题。二、09基础写作题命题特点及五个句子要点组合(一)高考真题你是校报小记者，最近进行了一次采访。以下是这次采访的情况：时间：上周末对象：眼科医生（eye-doctor）王教授主题：我国中小学生近视（short-sightedness）问题基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50(2)人数：世界第一专家解读：(1)原因：很复杂(2)治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视(3)建议：不要过度用眼；多参加户外活动(4)特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有关写作内容根据以上情况写一篇采访报道，并包括如下内容：1. 采访的时间、对象和主题；2. 中小学生近视的发生率及人数；3. 专家解读。写作要求 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。评分标准 句子结构准确, 信息内容完整, 篇章结构连贯。(二) 题目特点1. 作文体裁是应用文。今年的基础写作是一篇采访报道，延续了前两年的基础写作文体，都属于应用文范畴。2. 作文话题从学生实际生活中采点。今年的基础写作题的这个话题真正的做到“话题来源于学生实际生活”。近视眼是每个校园所必不可少的现象，是学生校园生活得隐形热点。3. 作文话题选材贴近新课程标准理念。作文话题在引用了医生建议的同时也在暗地里给考生提示该如何保护眼睛。单从这一点来讲，今年的基础写作题目成功的做到了“时刻关注每一个学生的健康成长”，成功的把新课程标准理念注入到学生的考卷中。4. 作文的话题具有极高的深思熟虑性。考试的作文话题只有保证每一个考生都熟悉才能真正的做到命题的公平合理性。今年的作文话题从每一所学校学生的实际生活中采点，彻底的革除了城乡考生因对某一个话题了解程度的不同而导致的不合理性。这也说明今年基础写作题目的命题人经过了多方面的深思熟虑。5.题目的设置对考生的写作要求进一步提高。主题是 “我国中小学生近视问题”，写作内容涉及的句型和词汇都属大纲范围，难度不大。但对“发生率”、“过度用眼”和“握笔”等意义的英语表达会对一些考生造成困难，需要考生能用自己掌握的词汇灵活地表达；此外，时态的使用也是这篇小作文应该注意的地方，有些考生可能会把采访结果错用一般过去时来表述；题目提供的内容要点杂而乱，要合理地用五个句子组合这些要点实属不易。(三)要点组合 题目一共给出了9个小信息点，所以可以将这9个信息点分成以下5组才比较合理地组成5个句子。现将题目所提示的内容要点分解成以下5组，供读者参考。1. 时间：上周末 对象：眼科医生（eye-doctor）王教授 主题：我国中小学生近视（short-sightedness）问题 主动语态Last weekend, I interviewed/ had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, about the problem of short-sightedness of the Chinese primary and middle school students. 被动语态Lastweekend,aninterviewwasmade/conductedwithProfessorWang,aneye-doctor,abouttheproblemofshort-sightednesswithschool childreninourcountry.2. 基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50 (2)人数：世界第一简单句（-ing形式作伴随状语）According to Professor Wang, a little more than 50 % of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world.复合句 (宾语从句和非限制性定语从句)1)I learned from the interview that slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, which ranks the first in the world. 2)Fromtheinterview,Ilearnedthatmorethan50%oftheschoolstudentsareshort-sighted,thenumberofwhichisthelargestintheworld(ranksthefirstintheworld).3. 专家解读：(1)原因：很复杂 (2)治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视简单句（介词短语作状语）Due to the complication of shortsightedness, no medicine can cure it, Professor Wang told us.复合句 (结果状语从句)According to the professor, the cause of short-sightedness / what causes short-sightedness is so complicated that no medicine can cure it. 倒装句（从上句演变过来,使句式复杂化）So complicated is the cause of short-sightedness that no medicine can cure it, accoding to the professor.4. 专家解读：(3)建议：不要过度用眼；多参加户外活动 宾语从句He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities. 同位语从句He gave us a suggestion that school children should avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities. 倒装句Here is some advice from Professor Wang on how to protect their eyes: avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities. 被动语态和同位语从句A suggestion was given by him that school children should not overuse their eyes but take more outdoor activities.被动语态School children are advised not to overuse their eyes but to take more outdoor activities.5. 专家解读：(4)特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有关简单句He particularly reminded us of the relation between the way of holding pens and short-sightedness.复合句He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness. (四) 附录范文（选自广东省2009年普通高等学校招生考试试题及参考答案）Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of school children in China. According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world. He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness. He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more out door activities. He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.三、备考训练策略考生应在了解基础写作题的命题和要求的同时，掌握写作的基本技巧，针对“审题”、“语言表达”、和“书写”三方面进行备考训练。(一)审题。审题是做好写作题的基础。因此考生须弄清楚题目要求、写作意图，抓住内容要点，确定体裁，明确人称和时态，在提示的内容中注明可能要用到的短语和句型。因基础写作题在提纲中提供足够的信息，要点直观，因此考生不需要对主题进行发挥，要防止画蛇添足。(二)语言表达。基础写作是指导性作文，考生应力求“达”，不要刻意追求“雅”。写作最基本的要求一是准确性。在平时的训练中，考生应先列出要点，再扩展成句。写句子时要精选所需的词汇和句型。对要点中的关键内容要表达准确，尽量选择自己最熟悉的、最有把握的词语和句式，不能生搬硬套地翻译，避免出现Chinglish。二是多样性。词汇、句式的多样化可以避免单调乏味的重复，使句子表意生动，增强整体表达效果。考生在造句时根据内容的需要选择适当的句型，注意句式变化和长短搭配，在有把握的情况下，灵活使用各种句式，如非谓语动词、倒装句、强调句等，变换使用简单句与复合句。下面一段08年的基础写作大多是简单句，一律采用“主-谓”句型，因而读起来单调乏味：Shooting was a mean of survival and developed into a kind of sport at the end of the 19th century. It became an Olympic item in 1896. It was stopped in 1904 and 1928. In 1932, it returned to the Olympic Games. In 1968, women were allowed to join Olympic Games. Now, it developed steadily and in 1896 there were only three shooting items but now there are 17 items.如果做到多样性的要求，做如下改变，就会带来生动、流畅、连贯、节奏感强的表达效果。Shooting, originated as a means of survival , developed into a sport only at the end of the 19th century. (过去分词短语作定语) The sport first became an event of the Olympic Games in 1896, but it was stopped in 1904 and 1928.（并列句）It was in 1932 that the sport returned to the Olympic Games.（强调句） Not until 1968 were women first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting.（倒装句） Now, with it steady development, shooting includes 17 events, while only 3 in 1896. （并列句和省略句）考生在平时的训练中要在老师的指导下掌握常用句型，多做典型的汉译英，注重一词和一句多译，这对于提高考生灵活语言的能力大有裨益。如“和有关”的表达就有很多种说法， 如1)be connected with 2)be related to 3)have something to do with 4)be relative to 5)be relevant to 6)be in/with relation to 7)be associated with 8)be linked to 等。再如表“建议”的句型也很多，如：1)I suggest that . 2)It is suggested that 3)It is highly advisable that4)My suggestion is that 5)Here is some advise from sb on how to 6) Id like to give you a suggestion that等。(三)书写写作题属主观试题，为人工网上阅卷。卷面形象往往给阅卷人留下重要的第一印象。因此，书写也是影响考生分数的因素之一。高考评分标准中明确指出，“如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。”我们在阅卷过程中的确发现有少数考生笔尖过细,书写过淡, 而相当多的考生写作字迹潦草、字体大小不匀称、涂改多,有的甚至无法辩认等, 这一定会影响阅卷教师的评分,因此,书写不规范也是导致写作得分不高的因素之一。以下有一个案例可以说明此问题: 有一篇写作,其内容不错,基本没有错误,但书写较差,且有多处修改,一评读的比较仔细,给了18分,二评可能看到其书写不好而只给了14分,均分16分,误差4分,属于许可范围之内。要想卷面整洁美观，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，考生需从规范书写做起。书写差的考生应在一进入高三就下功夫练字，可以买英语字帖苦练,最好买有常用短语、句型或谚语等内容的字帖,这样既可以练字又能熟记一些英语知识,一举两得，同时要注意字母、词距、标点、格式等方面的问题。每次练写作时要先打草稿再修改，最大限度地减少各种错误。这样，字迹工整、布局美观、卷面整洁的良好形象才得以保证。 作者地址: 广东省深圳市宝安中学 邮政编码: 518101 办公电话：(0755)27788566-8004 电话: 13691836766 电子信箱:sandfordchengyahoo.com.cn