高中英语短文改错复习资料.doc

2015年高考英语专题复习资料短文改错 解题技巧短文改错步骤：1. 通读全文，掌握大意2. 逐句推敲，审查，改正错误3. 复读全文，修订答案短文改错口诀： 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，冠词连词常光顾。代词格，细领悟；介词短语需关注；句子成分多分析，习惯逻辑要记住。短文改错答题技巧（一）技巧点拨 1注意分行的技巧性。上一行的末尾和下一行的开始，往往是考生们容易忽视的地方，不易找到错误所在，从而影响了改错的成绩。考生要密切关注行尾和行首的接连处，注意它们之间的语法关系或逻辑关系，尽快找到设错点，从而尽快改正。 2要以句子为单位而不是以单词为单位进行判断。在找错时不能以单词为单位来找，要以完整的句子为语言单位进行判断。 3注重上下文之间的逻辑关系。在短文改错题中，有时设错的内容与短文上下评议的时态人称等有密切的关系，如果只从一个单句来考虑，而不关注上下文的各种逻辑关系，就可能造成判断失误，增加失分的因素。 4在逐行寻查错误时应着重注意看句子结构是否完整，看习惯用法固定搭配是否正确，看上下文逻辑是否合理，看主谓是否一致，时态、语态是否正确，冠词、代词、连词、形容词、副词以及关系词的使用是否得当。（二）近几年的高考试题语法设题项目分布 1. 名词和限制词的搭配。主要涉及可数与不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配，以及名词的单复数的误用。 2. 动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词。常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象，以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、非谓语动词之间的误用。 3. 代词的误用。主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性等。 4. 数词的误用主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。 5. 形容词与副词辨析主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用，以及形容词和副词的误用等。 6. 考查英语中的并列现象在一些英语中的并列结构中没有用并列的语法结构，如并列连词连接的两个部分等。 7. 考查上下文的逻辑关系。如：but, and, so，however, otherwise等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before, after, when, until, since等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。 8. 一些相似结构的误用。如：used to do, be used to do, be used to doing等结构的误用。 9. 惯用法的搭配。如：动词短语look at /pay attention to /listen to 等固定用法。10. 注意句式结构。(难点)* See her laying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages, we felt sorry for her and .* One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.* I want to thank all the doctors in charge, without them I couldnt have pulled through.归纳短文改错错误类型:一、词法的测试1. 名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。 1) I have many hobby, such as playing football, singing and listening to music.2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. 3) Reading books is one of my hobby. 2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。1) He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.2) This is the best film which I have ever seen.3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things2) I like playing the football. 3) He is a honest boy. 4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.2) Im the happiest in all.3) Under the help of my father, I 4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. 5.形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。1) I had not interest in English .2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007)3) You can borrow a book very easy. 4) These books are very worth reading. 6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。 1) 动词的时态、语态错误a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. 2) 易混动词使用错误a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen.b. You please rise your hands.3) 非谓语动词使用错误a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.3) I thought that was dull to watch a game(NMET2005)4) the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析： 5) I have no difficulty learn maths.6) He spends too much time play games.二、 句法的测试：1、主谓语在数上的一致；I hope everything are OK with you. 2、名词性从句的考查；A man came up to him and asked that he needed. 3、定语从句的考查；This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. 4、强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/whoIt was in 1949 when he joined the army. 5、 句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。 * Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. * One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. * I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or faced my cousin again. * It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.三、 语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：1上下文中的时态是否一致；2上下文中的代词是否一致；3上下文中的逻辑是否一致；4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。四、四不改原则1.单词拼写不改 . 2.大小写不改 . 3.词序不改 . 4.标点符号不改 .注意问题：短文改错时改“错”，而不是把文中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多考生对这个概念比较模糊。把原文中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。五、改错六原则：1.有错改错，一句话可能有一个错或多个错或无错，但要注意错误在整个篇章的分布。2.改变实词（n./ v./adj./ adv.）形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词.3.最小限度地改变单词形式 .4.添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词, 小品词to等).5.多改正，少添加或删除.6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.临场应试技巧 : 做短文改错时只要记住“三步”，“六原则和“四不改”就能提高得分率。短文改错常见考点： 多一词：抽象名词前多一冠词：Modern people know more about the health.专有名词前多一冠词：the England, the Hebei Province, the Beijing Airport固定词组中名词前多一冠词：go to the school, go to the prison, at the work, in the bed, go to the hospital, set a fire to sth , at the first, the most of them, at the noon, make a rapid progress, a plenty of表示交通工具的和by连用的名词前多一冠词：by the air, by the bus, by the ship表示体育活动的名词前；play the football, play the basketball表示节日（常含有Day）的名词前多一冠词：the National Day, the May Day表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词：He is the most hardworking. 某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词：A child as he is, he knows a lot. 在表示时间的“one/ this/ every + 名词”的时间状语前多一介词：on one day, on that evening, in every week某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词；raise up ones handpick（摘）up applesreturn back(回来) repeat againplay with them in the matchmarry with the manserve for the peopleenter into the roomI learn English every day to improve it better.表示地点的副词前多一介词：go to theredrive to homereturn to home某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词：because of his left leg was brokeninstead of he developed his love for the theatre.I looked at but could see nothing. join in the army状语从句和主句间多一并列连词：Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday.充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词：Her husband died, and leaving her three children. He sat under the tree and reading a magazine. 作定语的分词前多一代词：The child who reading a book is her brother. How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods. 定语从句中多一代词：The film that I saw it yesterday is good. This is the very book that I am looking for it. He is the man we talked about him. 在“连词+ 分词”结构中多一代词：While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground.If it heated, ice turns to water. 在某些固定结构中多了“to”， I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you.Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. You had better not to go there. I made them to do the cleaning. I had him to clean the room. We noticed him to walk out of the garden.I often hear her to sing the song. 缺一词：表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词：AThe horse is a useful animal.单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词，There is library in every town in Britain.Good health is persons most valuable possession.特指名词前缺定冠词the ,Have you read books by Mark Twain?The book on desk is mine.作状语的动词不定式缺 “to”，David and I want to go off find helpand other organizations are working improve health all over the world.形容词最高级前缺定冠词the , one of earliest kinds of moneysuch或so与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词， This is such good book that I like it. He is so good student that all the teachers like him.姓氏复数形式（表示一家人或夫妇二人）前面缺一冠词， Turners are watching TV.表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词，In 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.表示“一个名叫的人”前缺一冠词，Miss Lee is waiting for you outside.“形容词比较级+ of the two”前缺一冠词，He is taller of the two.某些固定短语中缺一冠词，in the end, go to the cinema, in the daytime, on the right抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词，The meeting held yesterday was success.It is famous Chinese tea.The experiment turned out to be failure.作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词，He is looking for a room to live .There is nothing to worry.I need a pen to write .一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词，He didnt reply my letter.Are you sure it?Thousands and thousands people like watching TV.Dr Wang started to operate them at once.He grasped my hands and asked my name and address.Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking.并列句缺并列连词，He was tired it was getting dark.He asked me to go, I went.He is old, he is still strong.名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词， he will come is certain.It is uncertain he can come or not.We all know the truth the earth goes round the sun.They expressed the hope they would come over to visit China again.定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词，The police have found the knife with the man killed his wife.The changes have taken place are great.Is this the boy did the good deed?缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that或those”，短文改错专项训练 1Dear David,I have recently felt guilty, stay sleepless at night. You may wonder how. To tell you the truth, it is just because of the fact that I seldom cheat in exams and I just cant stop me. In many exams, I used cellphones to surf the net for answer. Besides, I sometimes referred them to my notebooks so copied something. As you know, cheating do much harm to our learning and self-confidence. Its time that I take action to stop it. I would appreciate it you could offer me some advice.Looking forward to your reply!2Last weekend I went to the Summer Palace as usually. At about noon, I was enjoying my reading near a lake while suddenly I hear someone crying for help. I went up to see what was happening. I was shocking to find a little child struggling in the water in the distance while many peoples were standing by without doing anything. Without any hesitation, I had pushed through the crowd as I took off my coat, but jumped into the water quickly. I managed to reach him and carried him back to safety. To his great relief, the kid was saved. I was proud what I had done. I wish everyone can give a hand when someone else is in need.3My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured. That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! 4Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.5Online shopping is increasing popular among people in recent years. Some people liked to buy goods online. And I dont like it, because online shopping is more reliable than the traditional sale. Firstly, some dishonest merchant offer customers to false information online. Secondly, consumers cant feel the items that is usually presented by means of pictures. This means the items delivering may differ from which consumers expect. As a result, they may risk returning the items at their own expense. Thirdly, the items might be damaged during delivery. In word, online shopping isnt reliable at all. 6 Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didnt have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get . Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldnt be seen everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldnt believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!7This morning I found red wallet on the campus. Girls usual like red, so I believed the wallet was belonged to a girl student. I opened it, try to find out whose it was. Therefore, I found nothing but 300 yuan in it. I was wondering what to do with it while suddenly my classmates Chen Yang passed by. She suggested she put up a Lost and Found notice and I did so. I wrote down my telephone number and ask the owner to call me after she saw it. Later, a girl came to claim it on 3 oclock this afternoon.8Li Ming and Wang Ying are two students of Senior Three. They all work hard but they have different learning method. Li Ming often sleeps in class instead of listen to the teacher. As a result, he miss lots of points that the teacher makes and it usually takes him much time to finish his homework. But he has to stay up late and doesnt get enough sleep. However, Wang Ying has quite the different way of learning. She listens attentive and tries to catch everything that the teacher said in class. Because this, she spends less time doing her homework, which makes it is possible for her to go to bed early.9My parents live in the country. They keep a dog calling Ah Fu. One day my parent went to work in the fields taking my little sister and Ah Fu along. While they working, my sister walked to the river nearby. Ah Fu followed her to there. She was trying to pick a flower while she fell into the river. Ah Fu barked and jumped to the water immediate. When my parents heard Ah Fu barking they ran to the river. They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carried my little sister. My parents praised Ah Fu warm. It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister.10 May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement make.The Student Union is going to hold a party in Saturday evening, August 15, to welcome my friends from the United States. The party will be hold in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 p.m. There will have music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gift. Everybody may bring a small gift on this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.Dont be forget: 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. There is sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcomed.11 A few days before my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. My brother was riding with me seating on the seat behind. As we came to the crossroad, a young man and a girl came up and stopped us. “Weve found you long last,” they said. And we dont know them. Point to a policeman not far away, the young man explained, “He stopped us about half hour ago and made us to catch the next offender. So come on, stand here. Hoping you dont have to wait as long as we did. Good luck.”12Dear Mr Smith,I was so please to hear from you and Im writing to tell you something about my school. You are right, quite few changes have been taken place. On the one side of the road, there has a new classroom building. On the other side which a playground used to be now stand another new building, our library. In it there are all kind of books, newspapers or magazines. The playground is now in front of school. Weve also plant a lot of trees in and around the school. I hope you come and see for yourself some days.Best wishes!