(外研版)初中英语笔记初一(下).doc

（外研版）初中英语笔记初一 （下）Module 1 People and places1. 现在进行时 现在进行时的构成：肯定句：主语+be+动词-ing+. They are lying in the sun.否定句：主语+be+动词-ing+ She isnt listening to music.一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing+一般疑问句的回答： Yes, 主语+be的相应形式。 No, 主语+am not/ isnt/ arent. -Are you talking with Lisa on the phone? -Yes, I am. / No, I am not.特殊疑问句：疑问代/副词（作主语）+be+动词-ing+？ What game are the children playing now? 疑问代/副词+ be+主语+动词-ing+？ Who is singing in the next room？现在进行时的用法：表示正在进行的行为 如：He is cleaning his room now. 他正在打扫房间。 表示移动的终止性动词（如come, go, run, leave, start, begin, arrive, return等）,用于进行时表将来。如： Were leaving for Hong Kong next week. 现在分词（动词-ing）的变化规律:动词变化规则 示例一般情况下，直接加-ingworking, buying, saying, talking以不发音的e结尾，去e后加-ingtaking, having, making, writing以辅音字母+元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母，在加-ingstopping, shopping, sitting, getting,running, swimming 特殊变化lielying, die-dying常与现在进行时连用的时间状语：now现在, right now现在, at the moment现在.2. talk to sb.=talk with sb. 同某人谈话。3. enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事。 Eg. She enjoys swimming. enjoy sth. 喜爱某物。 Eg. I enjoy the film very much.4. other “其他的，另外的” 例：He has two sons, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.5. be shopping for “正在购物” 例：Were shopping for new coats all the morning. 6. a lot 可以用来修饰动词，表示“很；非常” Her sister looks a lot like her. a lot of/ lots of“大量；许多”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词均可。如：There are a lot of teachers outside the building. Her husband earns lots of money.Module 2 Spring Festival1. help sb. with sth.=help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事。如：My father is helping me with my homework. 2. get ready for 为准备好3. learn to do sth. 学会做某事4. decorate with用来装饰5. give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.给某人某物6. be interested in+某人/某物 “对感兴趣”如： He maths. be interested in doing. 对做某事感兴趣 如：Betty is interested in cooking.Module 3 Plans1. 一般将来时：be going to2. 表示打算、计划做某事，用be going to do sth.如：They are going to China for a visit.3. make a plan for为做计划4. revise 表示“（考试前）温习（功课）” 如：Linda is revising her maths for the exam next week.5. look forward to +n./ doing sth. “期待,盼望” 如：Im look forward to my holiday. They are look forward to visiting Beijing.7. do some sightseeing（观光，游览）, do some cleaning（打扫卫生）, do some reading（看书）, do some washing（洗衣服）Module 4 Life in the future1. 一般将来时：will 表示未来的事实或对将来的预测，用“will+动词原形“来表示。 如：Students will use computer to learn. will表示的一般将来时，没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式为will not或缩写为 wont。如： He wont use books. 一般将来时态用在there be句型中为“There will be”;be going to也可以用在there be句型中，即“There is going to be”或“There are going to be” 如：There will be a big park over there. There is going to be an English party this week. There are going to be three new films in the cinema next month. 常与一般将来时连用的时间状语：in the future, next week/month, tomorrow, in+一段时间, the day after tomorrow2. everyone “每个人”, no one“无人”（作单数用，不与of连用）如：No one in our class likes him.3. job“工作”，为可数名词 work“工作”，为不可数名词4. 在英语中，动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成，有的相当于名词，因此可在句中作主语。如： Drinking milk is good for you.Walking and swimming are good exercise.5. use to=with使用.来做 Students will use computers to study. Students will study with computers.6. 因果关系：because“因为”，so“所以”；在表示“因为所以”的句子中，because和so只能只选一个。用why提问时，就用because来回答。如： Planes will be very large so flying will be very cheap. -Why cant I go? -Because you are ill.Module 5 My hometown and country1. 形容词比较级： 在对两者进行比较时，形容词要采用比较级的形式。即“主语+be动词+形容词比较级+than+比较的对象”。如：Shanghai is busier than small cities.形容词比较级的构成:构成原级比较级一般单音节词尾加-erfewtallfewertaller以不发音的e结尾的单音词只加-rnicefinelargenicerfinerlarger以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-erbighotredthinfatbiggerhotterredderthinnerfatter以“辅音字母+y“结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-erbusyearlyeasybusierearliereasier少数以-er, -ow,结尾的双音词节，在词尾加-erclevernarrowcleverernarrower其他双音节词和多音节词，在原级前面加moretiredcarefulmore tiredmore careful2. be famous for表示“因闻名”。如： China is famous for the Great Wall. be famous as表示“作为而闻名”。如：Zhou Jielun is famous as a singer.3. be busy doing sth. =be busy with sth. 表示“忙于做某事”。4. population一般用作单数，表示“人口，居民”。如： Whats the population of Canada. China has a large population.5. high & tall high常指建筑物的高低，反义词为low；tall指人、动物、树木的高低，反义词为short。6. 方位介词in, on, to 范围之内用in，如：Beijing is in the north of China. 相邻接壤用on，如：on the (east) of 范围之外用to，如：to the (south) ofModule 6 The Olympic adventure1. 副词英语中以-ly结尾的词多为副词，许多形容词后面加上-ly就构成副词。一般来说，副词是用来说明动词的，或用来修饰形容词或副词的，修饰动词的副词一般放在动词之后。如： She gets up early. She speaks English well. The teacher speaks slowly and carefully.2. be good at (doing ) sth.=do well in (doing ) sth. 擅长（做）某事。 I am good at English.或I do well in English.He is good at running.或He does well in running.3. be good for“对.有益”。如： Running is good for my health.4. be popular with “受.欢迎”5. It is +形容词+（for sb.）+to do sth.表示“做某事（对某人）是.的”。如：Its difficult for her to learn English. It is +形容词+(of sb.)+to do sth.表示“做某事（对某人）是.的”。其形容词表示的是某人的品质、特征，如：kind, wise, good, nice, right, clever。例子： Its very kind of you to say so. 形容词-ed形式多表示人的状态：bored, tired, relaxed主语为人 如：Danny is lying in the bed and he is relaxed. 形容词-ing形式“令人.”，主语为事物。 Its more dangerous than running ang cycling.Module 7 Planes, boats and trains1. 形容词、副词的最高级 对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，来表达最高、最远、最快等意义的时候，可用形容词和副词的最高级形式来表达。如： It is the longest journey.那是最远的路途。 I live closest to my school.我住的离学校最近。 形容词、副词的最高级的构成构成方法原级最高级一般单音节词尾加-estfewtallfewesttallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词只加-stlargelarger以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-estbigthinfatbiggestthinnestfattest以“辅音字母+y“结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-estheavyearlyheaviestearliest多数和部分双音节词，加词前加mosteasilytiredmost easilymost tired 不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest 最高级没有比较对象，后面不接than结构。如果要表明比较多范围时，一般接“of/in” (of是同类事物范围内进行比较；in是在一定地域空间内进行比较。)如： Jack is the tallest of the five boys. Tom lives the farthest from the school in our class. 形容词最高级一般要加定冠词the,而副词的最高级前可加可不加。2. in+一段时间:意为一段时间后或用多长时间。用于一般将来时。3. one of +the+形容词最高级+名词复数形式“最之一” She is one of the most popular teachers in our school.4. spend, take, pay, cost. spend+金钱（时间）+on sth.“在某事上花费金钱(或时间) spend+金钱（时间）+(in) doing sth. “做某事花费” 主语为人。如：I spent two hours in reading the magazine. Lily spent ten yuan on the book. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间” It takes me two hours to do my homework. pay“支付”，主语为人，pay for I paid 50 yuan for this dress.cost 不用人作主语，可带双宾语 It will cost you 20 yuan to buy the bool.5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事；stop to do sth. （停下别的事）开始做某事6. 9hours 读作nine and a half hours(九个半小时) 整数与分数之间在读的时候须用and连接。 Module 8 My past life1. 一般过去时： be动词一般过去时的各种形式：肯定句：主语+was/were+（主语为第三人称单数用was） I was in London last year.否定句：主语+was not/were not+ He wasnt in London last year.一般疑问句：was/were+主语+一般疑问句回答：Yes,单数主语+was./Yes,复数主语+were. No,单数主语+wasnt./ No,复数主语+werent. -Was she at class yesterday? -Yes, she was./No, she wasnt.特殊疑问句：疑问代词（副词）+was/were(+主语)+? When were you born? 一般动词的过去时态的各种形式：肯定句：主语+动词的过去时态+ We arrived just a few minutes ago.否定句：主语+did not(或didnt)+动词原形+ He didnt go to the cinema.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+?一般疑问句回答：Yes,主语+did./No, 主语+didnt. Did she travel to Beijing? Yes, she did./No, she didnt.特殊疑问句：疑问代词/副词(作主语)+动词的过去式+? 疑问代词/副词+did+主语+动词原形+? Who took away my dictionary? Where did you buy this beautiful dress? 一般过去时的用法：用于叙述过去发生的事情，尤其是讲故事。 My father worked in that factory 30 years. Now hes a retiree. 常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last night/ year，yesterday, a few days ago, just now, the other day（前天）, a moment ago, at that time in the old days(在过去的岁月里), in the past. 一般动词过去式的构成：变化规则动词原形过去形式一般在词尾加-edwalk, listendwalked, listened以字母e结尾的动词后加-dlive, noticedecidelived, noticed,decided以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edhurry, carryhurried, carried以元音字母加一辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop, stepstopped, stepped 不规则变化：如： be-was/were, buy-bought, come-came, do-did, get-got, go-went, have-had, leave-left, meet-met, read-read, send-sent, see-saw, swim-swam, spend-spent, take-took, write-wrote.2. be strict in sth. 对某事严格。如：Our teacher is strict in our study. be strict with sb. 对某人严格。 如：Mr Li is very strict with his son.3. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好。 be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处。Module 9 Story time1. decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事。2. begin to do sth./begin doing sth.开始做某事。3. try to do sth. 尝试做某事。 try ones best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事。4. point at point on“指向”前者侧重于近距；后者侧重较远事物。5. (be) asleep 表“睡着的”的状态，作表语，只能用fast修饰。如： My brother is fast asleep in the bed. The children are asleep in the car. go to sleep 意为“睡着，入睡”，强调调动作。 go to bed 意为“上床睡觉”，着重指上床准备睡觉的动作。如： Im tired. Im going to bed. sleep 强调“睡觉”的动作，是延续性动词，与时间段状语连用。 The baby is sleeping. sleepy “困乏的”，feel sleepy wake up “唤醒”，“动词+副词”短语6. hurry to +地点=go/ come (to)+地点+in a hurry 表示“匆忙去某地”7. without“无；没有”。后接名词、代词、动名词。Module 10 Life history1. 月份： January一月，February二月， March三月，April四月， May五月， June六月，July七月， August八月， September九月，October十月，November十一月，December十二月（以上月份可缩写为Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May）2. at the age of+基数词“在岁时”，可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。如；at the age of five ,he began to learn Beijing Opers.3. move to +地名“搬到地方去”。如： He moved to Shanghai in 1995.4. marry “结婚、嫁、娶” 作不及物动词，不跟宾语。如： Shakespeare married in 1582. 作及物动词，marry sb. “嫁给某人，与某人结婚” She married that famous writer. be/get married (to sb.).“与某人结婚”。be married 表状态；get married 表动作。 marry不与with连用.5. join, join in, take park in “参加” join指加入团体、组织或某个人群中。 My father joined the party ten years ago.join in sb. 指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动。 Jane wants to join in the singing competition. take park in 指参加会议、讨论、战争等活动。6. enjoy +v-ing. enjoy +n.Module 11 National heroes1. What do you think of?用来询问某人对某一事物的看法。如： What do you think of our new teacher?2. work on “从事；继续工作”。如： He is working on a new book. My mother is working on cooking.3. 复合形容词:数词-名词单数-形容词 “数词-year-old”相当于“of+数词+years old” 如：My cousin is an eight-year-old boy.Module 12 A holiday journey1. spend+金钱（时间）+on sth.“在某事上花费金钱(或时间) spend+金钱（时间）+(in) doing sth. “做某事花费” 主语为人。如：I spent two hours in reading the magazine. Lily spent ten yuan on the book.2. on holiday“在度假”3. go for a walk“散步”4. hope to do sth.“希望做某事” I hope to be your good firend. hope+从句 I hope he will go back soon.5. say hello to sb. 向某人问好 say goodbye to sb. 向某人道别6. reach, get to, arrive in/ at “到达” reach为及物动词，如：I reached Beijing last night. get to+地名。如：John got to the park at nine this moring. arrive为不及物动词，后接in/ at。 get, arrive等不及物动词接here, there, home等副词时，介词省略。7. it takes sb. (时间) to do sth. “某人做某事需要时间” It takes me half an hour to go to school every day.