八年级上册Unit3MyHobby.doc

八年级上册Unit3_My_Hobby清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：http:/qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果Unit3 My HobbyTopic 1 I love collecting stamps一.重点词汇hobby 爱好 vacation假期 painting 绘画 friendship友谊 knowledge 知识 daily 每日的 whether 是否 such as 例如 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 take a bath 洗澡 be interested in 对感兴趣go dancing 跳舞 go boating 划船 play volleyball 打排球 swimming 游泳drawing 画画 collecting stamps 集邮 collecting coins 收藏硬币listening to pop music 听流行音乐 listening to classical music 听古典音乐walking in the countryside 在乡间散步二.重点句型：1.Wow! So many stamps!(Page 53)哇，那么多的邮票！本句意为：There are so many stamps.so many意思是“那么多”，so much意思也是“那么多”。如：1）There are so many flowers. Or:So many flowers！这里有这么多的花。2)There is so much water on the table. Or: So much water!桌子上有那么多的水。 2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. (Page 53)通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同very much。如:1）She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.她告诉我许多有关怎样学好英语的方法。2）Thanks a lot.非常感谢。另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。在口语中尤其如此。如：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我们吃过许多水果。a lot of和lots of之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。3.Would you like to collect any of these things? (Page 53)你想集下面这些东西吗?would you like to +动词原形，表示“想要”如:1) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡吗？2)Would you like to have something to drink？你想要点喝的吗？any 用在疑问句、条件从句中，可以翻译为“什么”、“一些”。如:1)Are there any letters for me? 这有我的信吗？2)If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有什么困难，请告诉我。4. What things do you love collecting? (Page 53)你喜欢集什么东西？love + doing表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用like+ doing表示。如：1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。2）I love skating.我喜欢溜冰。5.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我对运动感兴趣。be interested in (doing) sth. “对感兴趣”如:1）Iam interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。2）Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。6.What do you often do in your spare time? (Page 55)在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？in ones spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用in ones free time替换。如:1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。 7. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我经常去钓鱼。go + doing表示“去做某事”go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如:1)Lets go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？ 另外还有：go hunting 去打猎go shooting 去射击go swimming 去游泳go bathing 去沐浴go shopping 去购物go climbing 去爬山8.And I do a lot of reading. (Page 55)我通常都是阅读一些书籍。在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：散步do some walking do a lot of walking读书do somereadingdo a lot of reading洗衣服do somewashingdo a lot of washing买东西do some shoppingdo a lot of shopping清扫do some cleaningdo a lot of cleaning9.Im a movie fan. (page 55)我是一个电影迷。fan(运动、电影等)狂热爱好者。如:a film / football / star fan 同时，fan作为名词还有“风扇”的意思。如：electric fan 电扇。10I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些VCD在家看。1）Why not meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面好吗？2）Why not run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？some“一些、几个”，用在疑问句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如：1）Would you like to give us some good advice?请给我们一些好的建议好吗？ 2）Would you like some coffee or tea?请问，你是想喝咖啡还是茶？12.Maybe I need a change. (Page 55) 或许我需要改变。maybe “也许、可能、大概”。如：1）Maybe he will come, maybe he wont.也许他来，也许他不来。2）Is that true?那是真的吗？Maybe, I am not sure.也许，我也不敢肯定。13.My interests are changing all the time. (Page 56) 我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。all the time“总是、一直”。如：1）Why are you playing all the time? 你为什么总是玩啊？2）Look at these monkeys, they are jumping all the time.看看这些猴子，它们一直跳个不停。14. And I wasnt interested in sports at all. (Page 56)我对运动一点兴趣都没有。not.at all “一点也不”；“全然不”。如：1）I didnt mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。2）Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。Not at all.没关系。3）He didnt know that at all. 他对此事一无所知。15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. (Page 56)但是现在我的爱好是体育，比如足球和游泳。like“像，好比”。如：1)He swims very quickly like a fish.他游泳非常地快，像一条鱼。2) The cake is round like a moon.这块蛋糕是圆的，就像月亮一样。16. I never miss any important soccer games. (Page 56)我从未错过任何一场重要的足球比赛。never “未曾、从未”，表示否定。如：1)I have never met him before.我以前从未见过他。2) You have never been to the Great Wall, have you?你从未去过长城，是吗？17. I used to know little about paintings. (Page 56)我过去不太懂绘画。little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little相当于not much, few相当于not many。little与不可数名词连用, few与可数名词复数连用。如：1)I have little time.我的时间很少。2) I understood little of his speech.他的话我没有明白多少。3) Few of the students passed the exam.没有几个学生考试及格。Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。而a little和a few含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如：1)I know a little French.我多少还懂点儿法语。2) Theres a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。3) Can you stay a few days longer?你能多呆几天吗？4)I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。18. I enjoy listening to rock music. (Page 56)我喜欢听摇滚音乐。like, love, enjoy和prefer，这四个词都有“喜欢”之意，但用法不同。试比较：like意为“喜欢、爱好”，语气较弱，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式、动名词等作宾语。like也常跟复合宾语，宾语补足语常用动词不定式。如：1）In England， many people like fish and chips.在英国，许多人喜欢鱼和油炸土豆条。2）Jack likes playing football.杰克爱踢足球。3）I dont like to eat apples now.现在我不想吃苹果。love意为“爱，热爱，喜欢”，常指对祖国、亲人及朋友的爱，也可用于事物，强调非常喜欢，具有较强的感情色彩。其后可跟名词、动名词、代词或不定式作宾语。如：1）Father loves his work.爸爸热爱他的工作。2）I love watching TV.我爱看电视。3）Children love to play this game.孩子们爱做这种游戏。4）We all love our great motherland.我们热爱我们伟大的祖国。enjoy意为“喜欢，欣赏”，含有“乐于、享受之乐趣”之意，其后可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”之意。1）The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢在中国居住。2）Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo?你在动物园玩得愉快吗？3）Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外国人喜欢中国菜。prefer意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，常用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。prefer.to.表示“宁愿，不愿”，“喜欢而不喜欢”，其中to为介词，后可跟名词或动名词。如：1）Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？2）I prefer walking to cycling.我喜欢步行胜过骑单车3）My brother likes maths, but I prefer English.我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。19.Did you use to go swimming duringsummer vacations?在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？during “在的期间、在的时候”。如：1）The sun gives us light during the daytime.太阳在白天给我们阳光。2) He called to see me during my absence.当我不在的时候他来访过我。20I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. ( Page 57)我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。in front of “在的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而in the front of “的前部”；指在物体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较：1）There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大树。2）Dont stand in front of me. I cant see the blackboard.别站在我前面。我都看不见黑板了。3）The teacher is giving a lesson in the front of the classroom.老师在教室的前面讲课。4) The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。21Nobody. I taught myself. ( Page 57) 没有任何人，我自学的。teach oneself “自学、自修”。teach动词“教授、教”有些动词后常跟反身代词，如：enjoy oneself “过得愉快”, help oneself “随便吃（用）”。如：1)She teaches history in our school.她在我们学校教历史。2)She taught his son English when he was 3 years old.她儿子3岁时，她就教他英语。3）Did you enjoy yourselves in the party?你们在舞会上玩得愉快吗？4）Help yourself to some fruit.请随便吃些水果吧。22.When they are free, people usually do what they like. (Page 58) 当人们空闲的时候，他们总是做一些自己喜欢的事情free “有空、空闲”， be free可以替换为have time。1）Are you free this evening? = Do you have time this evening? 你今天晚上有空吗？2)If I am free, I am going to visit the museum. = If I have time, I am going to visit the museum.如果有时间，我打算去参观博物馆。23.They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. (Page 58) 他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如：硬币、娃娃或邮票。such as “像、比如、诸如”如：1）We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.我们学习很多的科目，比如语文、数学、英语和物理。2）I can name some animals in the zoo, such as tiger, wolf, fox and so on.我可以叫出动物园里一些动物的名字，如老虎，狼，狐狸等。24When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.(Page 58)当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们很快地康复。本句中become, keep, be, 与get都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是其后加形容词做表语。系动词一共可以分为两大类：表示状态的和表示状态变化的。系动词表示状态的又分为以下三类：1)be, seem, appear等。2)由感官动词变化而来的，翻译成中文通常可以翻译成“起来”，这些系动词有：look, sound, feel, taste, smell等。3)由不及物动词转化而来的，这些系动词有：stand, keep, prove, remain系动词表示状态变化的包括：become, go, get, grow, turn, fall等。如：1）Coffee smells nice.咖啡闻起来好香。2）After hearing that, his face went red.听完，他的脸红了。3）The days get longer and longer in spring.春天白天变得越来越长了。24I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. ( Page 59) 我叫他粉色，因为他的皮肤是淡粉色的。light“淡色的、浅色的”，而dark的意思则是“深色的、暗淡的”。如：1)Which dress do you like, the light one or the dark one?你喜欢哪条裙子，浅色的还是深色的？2)It is dark now. Lets go home quickly. 天黑了，咱们快点儿回家吧。25Pink likes to have a bath.( Page 59) Pink喜欢洗澡。have a bath 洗澡短语have a bath与动词bathe意思一样，但前者表示在有限的时间里进行某项活动。如：游泳have a swim谈一谈 have a talk洗一洗have a wash骑马have a ride看一看have a look休息一下have a rest 26.How do you take care of them? ( Page 59)你怎样照顾它们？take care of 照顾，类似的说法还有look after。如：1)The girl is too young to take care of herself.这姑娘太小了还不能照顾自己。2) The old man is taken good care of by his children.这位老人被他的孩子们精心地照顾着。3)My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.我妈妈病了，我得在家照顾她。4）You must look after your things. 你必须照看好你自己的东西。三.语法学习if与whether的区别。二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如：1)I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow.我想知道明天是否下雨。2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home.他问我李平是否在家。3) He didnt understand if / whether the stranger told a lie.他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是假话。 但下列几种情况不能换用。whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。 Let me know whether or not you can come.你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。如：Whether this is true or not, I can not say.这件事是否真实，我说不上。不定式前用whether，不用if。如：I havent decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。介词后可用whether，不用if。如：I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.我是否回家还没有定。 Topic2 I like pop music一. 重点词汇pity遗憾 concert 音乐会 violin 小提琴 sweet 悦耳的continue doing sth. 继续做某事 be born 出生 set up 建立classical music 古典音乐 folk songs 民歌 stage name 艺名everyday life 日常生活 be famous for 因而著名 look for 寻找二. 重点句型 1And it sounds great! (Page 61) 听起来好极了。sound 系动词“听起来”，系动词后常与形容词连用。2.What kind of musical instrument can you play? (Page 62)你会弹什么种类的乐器？kind 是“种类，类型”的意思。如：a kind of 一种，all kinds of各种各样， what kind of 什么类型的。如:1）Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food.饺子是一种中国食品。2）There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library.北京图书馆有各种各样的图书。3）What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room?你需要什么类型的房间？双人间还是单人间？3.We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ￥240 each. (Page 62) 我们有吉他课、小提琴课、钢琴课、和打鼓课，每个课程仅需要240元。each副词 “各个”，“每个”。如：1）These books cost a dollar each.这些书每本一美元。2)He gave the boys a shilling each.他给孩子们每人一个先令。4What do you do in your free time? (Page 63) 你在闲暇之际干些什么？in ones free time “在闲暇之际”。5Classical music is serious music. (Page 64) 古典音乐是一种很严肃的音乐。serious 形容词“严肃的、认真的”；“严重的”。如：1）He is a serious worker. 他是一个工作认真的人。2）“ Its nothing serious.” says the doctor,“ Youve got a little cold.”医生说：“没事，就是有点儿感冒。”6Pop music often comes and goes easily. (Page 64) 流行音乐来得快去得也快。come and go easily 可以翻译为“来去匆匆”。如：1）Money is something that comes and goes easily.钱这东西来得快去得也快。2）Rain in June comes and goes easily.六月的雨来得快去得也快。7They are very popular among young people. (Page 64)它们在年轻人当中很流行。among 介词“在当中”,“在中间”，用于三者或三者以上；而between也是介词“在当中”,“在中间”之意，则只能用于两者之间。如：1）Among the family, Lin Tao is the youngest.在全家人中，林涛是最小的。2）Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.汤姆是他们班男孩子中跑得最快的。3）Mary is sitting between the twins.玛丽坐在双胞胎的中间。4）The football game is between Chinese team and Japanese team.足球赛在中国队和日本队之间进行。8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. (Page 64)郭兰英，宋祖英和腾格尔以（唱）民歌而出名。be famous for“以而著名”, “因而出名”。如：1) Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。2)China is famous for its long history.中国以悠久的历史而闻名。3）Beijing Library is famous for having a large number of books.北京图书馆以藏书众多而闻名。9It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. (Page 65)它是世界上最著名的摇滚乐队之一。one of “之一”。常用在“one of + 最高级 +名词复数”结构中。如：1)Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。2) English is one of the most difficult subjects this term.英语是这学期最难学的课程之一。3）Liu Xiang is one of the fastest runners in the world.刘翔是世界上跑得最快的人之一。10In the fall of 1976, a- 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 在1976年的秋天，一个14岁的中学生，Larry Mullen寻找一些音乐家。1)fall是美国英语，相当于英国英语的中的autumn。2)14-year-old 数词和名词之间有连字符的，名词不用复数。如：a three-leg chair 一把三条腿的椅子the tenth five-year plan 第十个五年计划3)look for “寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程，而find“找到”，则是强调“找到”的结果。如：1)What are you doing? 你在干什么？ Im looking for my bike key.我在找我的自行车钥匙。2)What are you looking for?你在找什么？Im looking for my cat.我在找我的猫。Can you find it?你找到了没有？No. I looked for it everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.没有。我到处找，可哪儿也找不到。11He wanted to form a band. (Page 65)他想组建一个乐队。want to “想做某事”，want to + 动词原形。如：1) I want to be a doctor when I grow up.我长大了想当一名医生。2) People want to live on the moon some day.人们想有一天能住在月球上。3) What do you want to do this Sunday?这个星期天你想干什么？ 常用want sb. to do sth.表示“想让某人做某事”。如：1)He wants me to help him with his lessons.他想让我帮他学习功课。2) His parents wanted him to clean the room after school.他父母想让他放学后打扫房间。3) The teacher wanted her to speak louder when she answered the question.老师想让她在回答问题的时候声音再大一点。12He found 3 boys and they set up a band. (Page 65)他找到了3个男孩，他们就组成了一个乐队。found是动词find的过去式。意思是“找到”；find强调“找到”的结果。见相关语言知识材料中注释41。set up 组建，创办。如：set up housekeeping组织家庭13.The four members are still close friends after many years. (Page 65)多年后，4位成员仍然是好朋友。close “亲密的”。如：a close friend一个亲密的朋友14.They continue making music. (Page 65)他们继续创作音乐。continue + to do sth./ doing sth./ n.“继续做某事”。如continue to read/writing/ a story 继续阅读/写作/一个故事15And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much. 全世界的人们仍然非常喜欢他们的音乐。all over the world 全世界16When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano. )当他八岁的时候，他的父亲请了一位老师来教授他如何弹奏钢琴。在这个句子中ask的意思是“请求，要求”，常用的ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。如：1）I often ask my uncle to help me with my maths.我常请我叔叔帮我学数学。2）My grandfather always asks me to get up at six in the morning.我爷爷总让我早晨六点起床。还有一些其他类似的用法。如：tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事play the piano“弹奏钢琴”。在英语中，在表示弹奏、演奏乐器时，所有的乐器前面都要加定冠词the，如：play the guitar弹吉他play thepiano弹钢琴play theviolin拉小提琴play thedrums 敲鼓而与之相反，在英语中表达玩球类项目时，我们通常在球类项目的名词前不加定冠词。如：play football踢足球play basketball打篮球play bridge cards打桥牌playchess下棋17He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy. 他说小提琴是他的最爱，使他很快乐。make +n.+adj.结构如： The news made us very exciting. 这个消息使我们很激动。 Topic3 The movie is so wonderful!一. 重点词汇nobody无人 museum 博物馆 church教堂 factory工厂 program节目pleasant令人愉快的 handsome英俊的 agree with sb. 与某人看法一致 take a shower洗澡 answer the phone 接电话 do some cleaning 打扫卫生knock at 敲 tooto太.以至于不能 talk about谈论关于 二.重点句型1I called you but nobody answered the phone.我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。answer the phone固定词组，可翻译为“接电话”answer的意思是“回答，答复”。如：1) What shall I answer?我将怎样回答呢？2) Have you answered his letter? 你回了他的信吗？3) Answer the door, please, Jack. Someone is knocking at the door.开门去，杰克,有人在敲门。2Oh, I was taking a shower. 我在淋浴。take a shower淋浴，也可以用动词have代替take。如：洗澡take a bathhave a bath休息一下take a resthave a rest看一看take a lookhave a look散散步take a walkhave a walk3Yeah, I think so. )是，我也这样认为。在think后面可以用so来代替前面的内容，以避免重复。例如： Is he at home? 他在家吗？ Yes, I think so. 是的，我想他在家。I think so.的否定形式一般为I dont think so.例如：Do you think classical music is very popular in China?你认为古典音乐在中国很流行吗？No, I dont think so. 不，我认为不很流行。4And I also like the young man with light hair. 我也喜欢那个留着浅色头发的年轻人。with在这里是“有”的意思。如：a coat with two pockets有两个口袋的衣服a girl with blue eyes碧眼女郎a woman with an angry look in her eyes眼里有怒色的女子5He is so handsome! 他非常帅！so在口语中，与加重语气的感叹句连用，作very解。如：1) Im so glad to see you!我很高兴见到你！2) It was so kind of you !你真好！3) There was so much to do!这么多事要做！6I agree with you.我同意你的意见。agree with sb.同意某人的看法。如：I dont agree with her.我不同意她的意见。7. You look very sad. 你看起来很伤心。look系动词，可以翻译为“看起来”。look做系动词，后面可以接形容词、动词的过去分词、名词、介词短语以及as if从句做表语。如：1）Tom looks very strong.汤姆看起来非常的强壮。（形容词做表语）2）Amy looks a fool.埃米看起来像一个傻瓜。（名词做表语）3）You look like your mother.你看起来很像你的母亲。（介词短语做表语）4）It looks as if were goingto win this game.看起来似乎我们要赢得这场比赛。（从句做表语）8.Theres nothing serious. (Page 72)没什么严重的事。（没事。）nothing serious “没事”。注意此结构的用法。用来修饰代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等的形容词，要放在被修饰词的后面。如句中serious要放在nothing的后面。如：1) Would you like anything else?你还要点儿什么吗？2) Ill tell you something important.我要告诉你一件重要的事。3) There is nothing wrong with the computer.这台电脑没毛病。 8Well, Miss Wang was angry with me. (Page 72)王老师生我的气了。注意be angry后所跟的介词：be angry with + sb.生某人的气be angry at + sb. 对某人的言行气愤be angry about + sth. 对某事生气 如：1) He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes.他因犯如此愚蠢的错误而气恼自己。2) He was angry at being kept waiting.他因旁人使他久等而生气。3) He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上那么多的车辆而气恼。9.In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day”. (Page 73) 在19世纪早期，星期日的含义就是“神圣的一天”。1800s表示19世纪，同样的，1900s则表示20世纪。10.In the US, workers called them“blue Mondays”.(Page 73)在美国，工人们把它们叫做“蓝色星期一”。蓝色（blue）在汉语中的引申意义较少，而在英语中blue是一个含义十分丰富的颜色词。在翻译同这一颜色有关的表达时，我们应该注意其中的特别含义。英语的blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁若闷”，如：1）They felt rather blue after the failure in the football game.球赛踢输了，他们感到有些沮丧。2）She looks blue today.Whats the matter with her?Shes in holiday blue.她今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事？她得了假期忧郁症。11. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. (Page 74)然后决定你的周末怎么过。spend度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend.on sth., spend.(in)doing sth. 如：1）He spent 5 yuan on the post card. 他买这张明信片花了5元钱。2)They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill. 他们用了三天的时间在山上找丢失的羊。12. Did you have a good time? 哈佛大学英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：http:/hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供四、形容词、副词(一) 知识概要形容词的用法很活跃，在英语中用处也很多，但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同，要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下：many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下：much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分，其规则如下：构词法 原 级 比较级 最高级 加er，或est Tallyoung talleryounger tallestyoungest 只加r或st nicelarge nicerlarger nicestlargest 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写该字母加er、est big fathot bigger fatterhotter biggestfattesthottest 不规则变化的形容词或副词：原 级 比较级 最高级 good better best Well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst many more most most more most little less lest far fartherfurther farthestfurthest old olderelder oldesteldest 要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词，如：back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词，其规律如下：构词法 形容词 副 词 一般加ly Carefulkind carefullykindly 尾是y时将y变成i加ly Happybusyeasy Happilybusilyeasily 其 他 trueterriblefullpossibleshywhole trulyterriblyfullypossiblyshylywholly 在学习过程中要注意其变化。此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有：much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修饰最高级的有：the very, much the, far等。(二) 正误辨析误 The young likes playing football very much.正 The young like playing football very much.析 定冠词加形容词表示一类人，应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美丽并不总代表善良。误 The danger has gone, so the worst ar