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Unit 11 Section One Tactics for listening Part1 Spot Dictation Give your child the happiness traitHappiness is both a state and a trait. The state of happiness is a (1) mood that comes and goes. I can (2) induce it in my two-year-old daughter simply by making a (3) silly face. The trait of happiness is more (4) stable. I see it in my daughter when she gets out of bed with a smile, eager to (5) take on the day. Even when life isnt so pleasant, she can sustain her (6) optimism and hopefulness. A recipe for a happy disposition through life is harder to (7) come by, but researchers have identified key (8) ingredients. By focusing on these, parents are more likely to raise children with the (9) trait of happiness built into their (10) character. 1) Give your child choices. 2) Resist the urge to (11) spoil. Common sense suggests that people with (12) adequate incomes are happier than those (13) without. The key word is adequate. What is important is having enough to (14) provide for basic needs and feeling content with what you have. 3) (15) Encourage broad interests. 4) Teach resilience*. Everyone has ways to (16) cope with bad days. A child should be taught to find solace in things that will (17) restore his sense of well-being. 5) (18) Promote a happy home. One of the best ways to help a child find (19) enduring happiness is for the parents to (20) look for it in their own lives. Part 2 Listening for GistOld and young, single and married, rich and poor - anyone can be lonely, irrespective of the number of friends, family and social contacts they actually have. Women, the elderly, the young, the single parent, the widowed and the unemployed are most at risk. Young mothers at home with children under five are particularly vulnerable to loneliness and depression because of the transition from working wife to housebound mother. Elderly people, particularly those who move toa new area on retirement, may be isolated from their families and friends. Illness, disability and fear of going out alone also combine to turn many pensioners into prisoners in their own homes. Teenagers natural shyness and self-consciousness may make them awkward in the company of their peers and the opposite sex. Single parents feel cut off from a couple-orientated society. Divorce can be shattering to the self-esteem. With so many social contacts being made through work, unemployment can also lead to loneliness. Exercise Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide. 1) This passage is about various reasons for loneliness and depression. 2) The key words are young mothers. transition. working wife. housebound mother: elderly people. isolated. illness. disability. fear of going out alone: teenagers. natural shyness. self-consciousness: single parents. cut off. a couple-orientated society. divorce. self-esteem: social contacts. work. unemployment. Section two Listening for ComprehensionDeputy Editor Ray Jones: You know, a lot of people who read newspapers have no idea how theyre put together. Im often asked to talk to groups of people about my work, and its incredible how many of them think either that reporters write the headlines and take their own pictures or, conversely, that the Editor writes and prints everything in the paper. They fail to realize that producing a newspaper is really very much a team effort. Mary Keen: Ray, youre Deputy Editor of the Evening Post. What exactly does that entail? Ray Jones: Well, the work of a Deputy Editor varies from paper to paper depending on the Editor. No two Editors work the same way. Some delegate all the administration to a deputy. Others take on all the admin themselves and concentrate on the management side of running the newspaper rather than on the editorial side. Our Editor here is the sort who likes getting involved in the editorial side of the paper, so hell often come, sit down with the reporters and work on a story with them. But then once or twice a week hell leave that and get on with the admin . Mary Keen: So what are your responsibilities as Deputy? Ray Jones: I supervise the reporters, sports writers and sub-editors and try to see that everyone knows what everyone else is doing so that it all runs smoothly. And, of course, I also stand in* for the Editor when hes at meetings, conferences, or whatever. Mary Keen: And what is Ray Jones typical working day? Ray Jones: Well, it starts at about 7: 15, and the first thing I have to do is to find out whats going on in the newsroom, what are the best stories of the day, whos going to cover them, and so on. Quite often its not immediately obvious whats going to be the front page lead*, and thats a major headache at the start of the day. Once thats been sorted out and Ive checked that theres nothing distasteful or unethical going into the paper, then I come back to my office to get on with my Deputy Editor tasks. Mary Keen: Which are? Ray Jones: Taking care of readers letters, for instance, and editing our Mailbag column. That can be great fun - we have a spiendidly eccentric bunch of regular readers, and, given the right subject, they often produce an extremely entertaining and well-written set of letters. Of course, dealing with the correspondence has its tedious side as well - I have to read every letter we get, and some of them, as you can imagine, are a bit of a pam. Mary Keen: What else do you have to do? Ray Jones: I also write the Leader column each day. That means I have to compose 300 words on some matter of public concern expressing the newspapers opinion. And sometimes this, too, can be a real problem. More than once Ive found myself half an hour before the deadline with no idea what my opfnion was going to be on what subject. Mary Keen: How did you get into journalism, Ray? Ray Jones: As an errand boy, actually, at the age of 15. I left school with no qualifications and was lucky enough to get a job with the Liverpool Echo, making tea, polishing floors and so on. After a year I became a junior reporter. I did the usual sort of training by attending day-release classes, gained some more experience as a reporter and then went from the Echo to the Birmingham Mail where I became a sub-editor, and then a chief reporter. Ive been on a couple of other papers since the mail - I was News Editor on my last paper - and I moved to the Evening Post three years ago. Exercise Directions: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following grids. A. Ray Jones Job Description His responsibilities as a Deputy Editor Supervises the reporters, sports writers and sub-editors; Stands in for the Editor sometimes. Ray Jones typical working day Starts at about 7: 15, and finds out whats going on in the newsroom, what are the best stories of the day, and whats going to be the front page lead. Gets on with the Deputy Editor tasks. Mailbag column Takes care of readers letters. That can be great fun. Of course, dealing with the correspondence has its tedious side as well. Leader column Each day there will be an article about 300 words on some matter of public concern, which expresses the newspapers opinion. B. Ray Jones Career Experience Newspaper Time Work Liverpool Echo At the age of 15 Worked as an errand boy, making tea, polishing floors and so on. After a year Became a junior reporter; gained some more experience as a reporter by attending day-release classes. Birmingham Mail - Became a sub-editor, and then a chief reporter. (A couple of other papers) - Became News Editor on the last paper. Evening Post - Deputy Editor Part2 Passage Building Friendships with Your Young Children1. Footings are cement piers upon which the entire building rests. They are crucial to the strength of the finished structure.2. In a similar way in these brief early years, parents of young children have the challenging job of laying the foundation that will support family friendships in later years.3. Physical affection and verbal affirmation are necessary in laying a strong foundation for friendship. Kids need the warmth of physical contact and so do you.4. A young child will try to manipulate and be in charge. While the child may not be consciously trying to control, this is what he is doing.5. These early years are similar to taking out a savings bond. We put much into our childrens lives, but we dont see much return on our initial investment for several years.Several years ago, we began construction on a new church building. In the beginning, the workmen dug a big pit in the ground and then they began to pour footings. Footings are cement piers upon which the entire building rests. They are crucial to the strength of the finished structure. After the foundation hole is dug, the footings must be poured quickly, before the composition of the soil is changed by the wind, air, or water. In a similar way in these brief early years, parents of young children have the challenging job of laying the foundation that will support family friendships in later years. Here are eight foundation builders to help parents as they seek to cultivate strong friendships with their young children.Physical affection and verbal affirmation are necessary in laying a strong foundation for friendship. Hug, hug, hug. Even if you were not raised in a hugging family, hug your kids anyway. They need the warmth of physical contact and so do you. Say I love you and say it often. When we talk with our children, its meaningful if we look them in the eyes. So squat down to their level when you truly want to communicate with them, and let them know that what you are saying to one another is important. A young child will try to manipulate and be in charge. He will attempt to get his own way. While the child may not be consciously trying to control, this is what he is doing. A wise parent must not permit this to happen. When a child respects his parents, he will also respect others.Tradition and discipline are related, for tradition begins with a regularly scheduled event and the repetition, time after time, of that event. Discipline, too, is the repetition of many small acts until they become ingrained as part of the way in which a child relates to the world. Small children need a schedulea routine. Schedules build confidence in children because they know what to expect and when to expect it.Parents of young children sometimes feel much like those workers. We work and work and dont see much progress. Or make progress in one area and then have a setback in another. Its easy to lose our perspective and become discouraged. We have to remember that we are laying the foundation for a childs future life and friendships, and it can be a tedious process. Our children are tender shoots full of the promise of great things. As we gently train and steer them, we need a long-range perspective.In a way, these early years are similar to taking out a savings bond. We put much into our childrens lives, but we dont see much return on our initial investment for several years. In the same way we expect our monetary investments to pay off in the future, we have to remember we are building for our childrens futures. Exercise C:1.B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8.DExercise D After-listening Discussion Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. 1) It is a metaphor. Laying a solid foundation is crucial to building a church. The author compares the process of building friendships with children to that of constructing a new church building. If the foundation is strong since inception then when storms hurricanes and earthquakes hit it will surely hold and the building will be safe and sound.2) (Open) Section Three NewsNews Item 1The donors conference on Somalia is fraught with concerns that do not directly deal with the problem at hand - bolstering security in the Horn of Africa country. Donors are worried about the rampant piracy off Somalias shores. Potential donors are also financially strapped from fighting the global economic crisis. Still, the United Nations which is co-sponsoring the conference with the European Union hopes to raise about 166 million to beef up Somalian security and to help understaffed African Union peacekeepers in the conflict-torn country. The United Nations also wants representatives from some 30 nations expected at the conference to come up with a 100-day plan to rebuild stability in Somalia. Among those expected at the conference are Somali President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed along with the heads of the African Commission and Arab League and representatives of nearly three dozen nations. Exercise A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the donors conference on Somalia.Exercise B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1. What are donors worried about?They are worried about the rampant piracy off Somalias shores.2. How much does the UN hope to raise to beef up Somalian security?The UN hopes to raise about $166 million to beef up Somalian security.3. What is the problem that potential donors are faced with?They are financially strapped from fighting the global economic crisis.4. What does the UN expect representatives at the conference to do?The UN expects representatives at the conference to come up with a 100-day plan to rebuild stability in Somalis.5. Who are expected at the conference?They are Somali President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, along with the heads of the African Commission and Arab League and representatives of nearly three dozen nations. News Item2 Sales of existing homes rose sharply in July surpassing expectations and fueling optimism that the U.S. economy is on the right track. The higher demand is just part of the larger picture. Although the increase was the largest in ten years average homeowners have lost about 15 percent of the value of their homes.Critics of the governments plan, aimed at helping struggling homeowners modify loans to make them more affordable, say fewer than ten percent of eligible loans have been changed. That means many homeowners will continue paying high interest rates on loans worth more than their homes.Last month, more than 360,000 homeowners were foreclosed, an increase of more than 30 percent since last year. Part of the problem is that banks are still reluctant to lend. And with unemployment expected to peak next year, the worry is that foreclosures will continue to rise, making prospects for an economic recovery more elusive.Exercise A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the improvement of the U.S. housing market.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5.T 6.F News Item 3Trinity University economics professor Jorge Gonzalez says these immigrant remittances* exceed the international development assistance available to Latin American countries. And ironically, Mr Gonzalez says, in some ways, this haphazard form of financial aid may be even more effective than government-to-government assistance. Penn State anthropology professor Jeffrey Cohen, who works with several rural communities in Mexico, agrees the effects of the immigrant remittances are generally beneficial. However, he says, they can change the nature of a local economy. In previously cashless communities, which had only traded goods, he says, the sudden arrival of dollars can disadvantage residents who do not have relatives working in the United States. Fortunately, he says, many Latin American immigrant workers in the United States are not only sending money to their families, but are also uniting to fund community-wide projects. In fact, Economist Jorge Gonzalez says, immigrant remittances to Latin America are giving governments there a free welfare system. 大学经济学教授三位一体乔治冈萨雷斯说这些移民汇款*超过国际发展援助提供给拉丁美洲的国家。并且讽刺地,但冈萨雷斯说,在某些方面,这盲目的形式的经济援助可能更有效政府援助。宾州州立大学的人类学教授杰弗里科恩,和一些农村社区工作在墨西哥,同意移民汇款的影响通常是有益的。不过,他说,他们可以改变的本质的当地经济。在以往的无现金的社会,只有贸易商品,他说,的突然到来居民块钱就可以不利没有亲戚在美国。幸运的是,他说,很多拉美移民在美国不仅寄发金钱给他们的家庭,但也团结接上基金项目。事实上,经济学家乔治冈萨雷斯说,对拉丁美洲的移民汇款的政府提供免费的福利体系。Exercise A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryIts about the effects of immigrant remittances in Latin American countries.Ex. B. Listen and fill in the blanks. a free welfare systemfunding community-wide projectssending moneychanging the nature of a local economygenerally beneficialPart 1 Feature Report Starbucks* in Mexico The popular US coffee shop chain Starbucks has begun an ambitious push into the Latin American market, opening its first shop in the region this week in Mexico City. They are steaming up the milk for the lattes *, cappuccinos* and other special coffee drinks offered at Starbucks. Judging by the long lines, the operation is already a success. Mexico City Starbucks manager Ivan Alvarado says customers are trying the full range of Starbucks offerings. He says they are drinking cappuccinos, lattes and other drinks as well as sampling some of the stores pastries. He says the featured coffee of the day is Mexican Shade-grown coffee, which comes from the southern state of Chiapas. To get off to a good start, the Mexico Starbucks is offering free samples of many products to all customers. For its first coffee shop in Mexico and in all of Latin America, Starbucks chose an ideal location, right across from the US embassy in the ground floor of a hotel frequented by both business people and tourists. There were tourists from the United States, Europe and Japan on hand Friday, but the majority of people in the shop were Mexicans who were either curious and wanted to try the Starbucks products or were familiar with them from having gone to a Starbucks in the United States. Francisco Quiroz usually meets with his friends at a nearby Mexican restaurant called Sanborns, but they decided to try something new. He says he tried Starbucks in Atlanta and that the coffee being offered here in Mexico is of the same quality. He says Sanborns also has good coffee, but that Starbucks is slightly better. Although Mexico is the fifth largest coffee-producing nation, it is not known as a big coffee-consumer country. Per capita coffee consumption in Mexico is around half a kilogram a year, while in the United States it is more than five kilograms a year. The high cost of Starbucks coffee could also be a problem in a nation where the annual average salary is around six thousand dollars. A regular coffee at Starbucks costs nearly three dollars. The price at most Mexican coffee shops is half that, but the quality of the product varies. Starbucks executives say they hope to follow the lead established by other US franchises that have been coming to Mexico since it dropped restrictions and started opening its economy nearly two decades ago. Hamburger restaurants like McDonalds and Burger King are now seen all over Mexico and many people here have developed a taste for Pizza, delivered to their doorstep by Dominos*, Papa Johns* and Pizza Hut. Exercise A: Directions: Listen to the news report and complete the summary. This news report is about the opening of its first shop in Mexico City by a popular US coffee shop chains - Starbucks. Exercise B Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage. The popular US coffee shop chain Starbucks opened its first shop in the region this week in Mexico City. Judging by the long lines, the operation is already a success. To get off to a good start, the Mexico Starbucks is offering free samples of many products to all custome
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