高中语法8大重点语法项目速通 2.情态动词课件.ppt

语法难点突破之二 情态动词 Modalverbs Jack Ihavegoodnewsforyou Rose What Jack Theeducationaldepartmenthascarriedoutrulestoreducestudents toomuchstudyload Rose Really Ifso Idon thavetostayuplatetodosomuchhomeworkandmymommayallowmetoplaycomputergames Jack ThebestthingIthinkisthatIcanhavemoresparetimetotakeexerciseafterclass Rose Sure Bytheway whoisyourfavoritesportsstar Jack LiuXiang Ishouldsay Rose Tellmesomethingabouthim Jack Well maybeIcanshowyousomephotos 一 Weusemodalverbstotalkabout 1 Ability 能力 2 Obligation 义务 3 Certainty 可能性 4 Permission 允许 二 Wealsousemodalverbsto 5 Makerequests 提出请求 6 Makesuggestions 提出建议 7 Makeoffers 提供帮助 8 Giveadvice 提出意见 1 Ability 能力 LiuXiangcanrunthe110mhurdleracewithin13seconds can could 1 can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性 还可以表示请求和允许 LearningEnglish bedifficult can Mancannotlivewithoutair Iuseyourbike Can can could 2 在疑问句中 用could可表示请求 语气较委婉 Ihavethetelevisionon Yes you No you Could Heasksifhe smokehere could can may can t I mafraidnot can could 3 表示惊异 怀疑 不相信的态度 主要用在否定句 疑问句或惊叹句中 He ssuchanicepersonthathe committhecrime can t 你怎么会如此地粗心 Howcanyoubesocareless Canthisbetrue can could 4 cannever can t too表示 无论怎样 也不过分 越 越好 你过马路的时候再小心也不为过 Youcan tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad Attention can beableto区别 Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch 孵 chickenswhilehewasnotableto Question Arethetwomodalverbsinterchangeable 互换 Ifnot why can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能 而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力 或者在某个客观的场合和背景下 能做到的事情 Attention can beableto区别 AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday Luckily everyone runoutofthebuilding wasableto 2 She speakbothEnglishandFrench can I msotired Ihavetodothetrainingforatleast10hoursaday 2 Obligation 义务 yethemustworkhardtowinthegoldmedal AlthoughLiuXiangissogiftedinhurdlerace Attention advisability necessity oughtto should haveto must Yourmotherbringsyouupandtakesgoodcareofyou sowhensheisold you lookafterherinreturn A canB mayC havetoD must ShiDongpengmightwinamedalattheOlympicGames Althoughthechanceofwinningamedalissmall I lltrymybest 3 Certainty 可能性 Attention veryuncertain almostcertain might should must may could oughtto will 1 He beathome 2 He beathome forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago A mayB mightC must A mayB mightC must can must表示肯定的猜测 译为 一定 不能用于否定句或疑问句 Thismustbeyourpen Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow Hemusthavearrivedalready must must 2 表示 坚持 常用于固定句型 ifyoumustdosth 如果你非得要做某事 如果你真的要走 那就悄悄离开 Ifyoumustleave doitquietly Attention They bedoingtheexperimentinthelab Why Becausethelightsarestillburning A couldB canC mustD would 4 Permission 允许 MayIeatKFCifIwinthegoldmedal may might 1 表示许可 表示请求 允许时 might比may的语气更委婉一些 Might MayIuseyourcomputer Yes youcan No youcan t mustn t may might 2 用于祈使句中表示祝愿 3 表示推测 可能 只用于肯定句 疑问句则要用can或could 祝你成功 Mayyousucceed Hemaybeverybusynow Mayyoubehappyallyourlife 5 Makingrequests 提出要求 Canyouhelpmewithmytraining Idon tknowhowtousethisequipment willcancouldwould informal formal 6 Makingsuggestions 提出建议 Shallwedothetraininginthemorning It stoohottotakeexerciseintheafternoon shall 1 Shall用于第一 第三人称疑问句中 表示说话人征求对方的意见 向对方请示或提供帮助 1 Shallwebeginourlesson 2 Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital 3 ShallIcarrythisbagforyou shall 2 Shall用于第二 第三人称 表示说话人给对方命令 警告 允诺或威胁 Youshallfailifyoudon tworkharder Heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule 等我读完这本书 就会给他的 HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit 警告 威胁 允诺 7 Makingoffers 提供帮助 Don tworry dear Iwillwashthemrightaway Mom mydirtyclotheshavebeenpiledup Idon thavetime will would 1 表示请求 建议等 would比will委婉客气 sentencepattern Wouldyouplease Wouldyoumind Wouldrather Wouldyoulike will would 2 表示意志 愿望和决心 Iwillneverdothatagain will would 3 可表示经常性 习惯性 倾向性 翻译为 经常 惯于 总是 1 Theoldman haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork would 2 门就是打不开 Thedoorwon topen will would Attention Iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch Question Isthissentencecorrect Why 情态动词 表示 意愿 8 Givingadvice 提出意见 Youshouldnot oughtnottoeatsomuchbeforerunning Howdelicious should 1 Should表示劝告 建议 命令 其同义词是oughtto 在疑问句中 通常用should代替ought to ShouldIopenthewindow 我们应当要相互学习 Weshouldlearnfromeachother should 2 情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊 客气 委婉的语气 Rose Sure Bytheway whoisyouridol Jack LiuXiang Ishouldsay Ishouldadviseyounottodothatagain 3 should表示意外或惊讶常译为 居然 竟然 Ican tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼 should 4 should表示猜测时 一般指按经验或逻辑判断 翻译成 照说应该 估计 想必 should WhencanIcomeforthephotos Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon They bereadyby12 00 A canB shouldC mightD need Tobecontinued 三 情态动词 havedone 的用法 1 musthavedone对过去某事的十分肯定猜测 2 may mighthavedone对过去某事的可能性猜测 3 can t couldn thavedone对过去某事的否定猜测 4 should oughttohavedone过去应该做而未做 5 shouldn t oughtn ttohavedone过去不应该做而实际上做了 6 needn thavedone本没有必要做的事实际却做了 7 couldhavedone本来能够做的 有能力做 事实际却未做到 Let shaveatry Practice Withsomuchworkonhand you toseethegamelastnight A mustn tgoB couldhavegoneC shouldn tgoD shouldn thavegone 2 Therewasplentyoftime She A mustn thavehurriedB couldn thavehurriedC mustnothurryD needn thavehurried Practice 3 IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday You her Sheisstillabroad A mustn tseeB can thaveseenC mustn thaveseenD couldn tsee 4 AuntMary thetrain otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow A musthavemissedB shouldhavemissedC hadmissedD mightmiss 四 可兼做行为动词的情态动词 need dare 情态动词 动词原形 行为动词 need dare 1 无人称和数的变化 2 尤其用于 否定句及疑问句中 在if whether之后 或与hardly never noone nobody连用 3 常以needn t和daren t的形式出现 4 dare有其过去时dared 多用于肯定句 sb needtododaretodo sth needtobedone sth needdoing Hedaren tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd darehe 判断正误 Hedaren ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd didhe Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully 五 表示否定的情态动词的用法 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一 mustn t不准 禁止needn t没必要 don thaveto can t不能 不可能maynot不可以 可能不shouldn t不应该 oughtnotto Howcanwedealwithexercisesconcerningmodalverbs Functions usageofmodalverbs Languagecontext 上下文 语境 Thinking Functions usageofmodalverbs Languagecontext 上下文 语境