Blue-collarworkers蓝领工人.ppt

home Objectives Inthisunit youwill Objectives readanarticleaboutthedemandforblue collarworkers enlargeyourvocabularyrelatingtopersonalqualities gainsomeideasofwhatthetop9blue collarjobsare getsometipsaboutmodalverbsinEnglish learnhowtoreadandwriteathank youletter main ListeningandSpeaking TextA GrammarTips TextB ComprehensiveExercises PracticalReadingandWriting Warm up Blue collarworkers Warm up BackgroundInformation Discussion BackgroundInformation Warm up Ablue collarworkerisamemberoftheworkingclasswhoperformsmanuallabor Blue collarworkmayinvolveskilledorunskilled manufacturing mining construction mechanical maintenance technicalinstallationandmanyothertypesofphysicalwork Blue collarworkisoftenpaidhourlywage labor althoughsomeprofessionalsmaybepaidbytheprojectorsalaried Thereisawiderangeofpayscalesforsuchworkdependinguponfieldofspecialtyandexperience Warm up BackgroundInformation BackgroundInformation Discussion Warm up Warm up TheuseoftheInternet Warm up BackgroundInformation Discussion White collarworkerstypicallyperformworkinanofficeenvironmentandmayinvolvesittingatacomputerordesk Serviceworkers orpink collarworkers makeupathirdtypeofworker Theirlaborisrelatedtocustomerinteraction entertainmentsalesorotherservice orientedwork Questions 1 Doyoulikeblue collarjobs Warm up Discussion1 Discussion BackgroundInformation Warm up Ilikeblue collarjobsbecause thedemandishuge wecangetprofessionaltrainingandtechnicalknowledge andthesalaryisgood Hints Questions 2 Whatwillbeyourfavouriteblue collarjobandwhy Warm up Discussion2 Discussion BackgroundInformation Warm up Myfavouriteblue collarjobisthatofagardener because Icanworkoutdoorsandenjoythefreshair andIcankeepfitandgetgoodpay Hints A Choosethebestansweraccordingtowhatyouhear Listening A1 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening I Listening Script A Theymustbeknowledgeable B Theymustbehard working C Theymustbetalented D Theymustbeskilled 1 Listening A2 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening No it snottrue B It snottrueofallblue collarworkers C Yes itistrue D It snotalwaystrueofblue collarworkers 2 Listening A3 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening Inafactory B Onafarm C Inabank D Inanairport 3 Listening A4 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening A Blue collarworkersarenotwellpaidinChina B Blue collarworkersarefewerthannecessaryinChina C Blue collarworkersarenotskilledenough D Blue collarworkersarenotwelleducated 4 Listening A5 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening Theyaregenerallypaidlessthanwhite collarworkersB Theyarealwayspaidlessthanwhite collarworkers C Theyarealwaysbetterpaidthanwhite collarworkers D Thewomandoesnotknowtheanswer 5 Listening B1 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening B Fillintheblanksofthefollowingpassageaccordingtowhatyouhear Youmusthaveheardofwhite andblue collarworkers andpossiblygold collarworkers 1 Recentlyanewcolorofcollaris 2 itswayintoChinese It sgreen Atypicalgreencollariswelleducatedlikeawhitecollarbut 3 stronglikeabluecollar Theyaremostlyborninthe70sor80sandliveinoneofChina sbigcities Their 4 may aswell making physically life Listening B2 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening gosomethinglikethis turnoffthemobilephoneafterwork eatonly 5 food meetfriendseveryweekend andliketohelppoorpeople Greencollarsevenhavetheir 6 club InBeijing theGreenCollarClubisforpeoplewhowantto behappy healthyandhelpful Theynotonly 7 intheircareers butalsoliketoenjoylife Theyhavealotof 8 butdonotfallslavetoit healthy own succeed money Talkaboutyourideasofanidealjobbasedonthefollowingquestions Speaking1 ListeningandSpeaking II Speaking Speaking Listening 1 Whatkindofjobisanidealoneinyourmind 2 Whatpersonalqualitiesarenecessaryforgettinganddoingthejob 3 Whatadvantagesdoesthejobasablue collarworkerhave 4 Doblue collarworkersneedtospeakgoodEnglish M Whatisaqualifiedblue collarworkerlikeinyourmind W Well manythingsareimportant but tome skillscomefirst Q Whatdoesthewomanthinkisthemostimportantqualityforblue collarworkers M Doblue collarworkershavetoworkmanyhourseveryday W Depends Someblue collarworkersmayhavemorefreetimethanwhite collarworkers Q Isitthecasethatblue collarworkers dailyworklastsverylong accordingtothewoman ListeningScript1 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening 1 2 ListeningScript2 ListeningandSpeaking Speaking Listening W Iheardsomeonesayyourfatherchangedhisjobmonthsago Whyisthat M Hecouldnolongertoleratethehugenoiseofplanes Q Wherehadtheman sfatherprobablyworkedbeforehechangedhisjob W It ssaidthatChinaneedsalotofblue collarworkerstoday Isittrue M Exactly Q Whatistheproblemthewomanisconcernedabout M Areblue collarworkerspaidmuchlessthanwhite collarworkersinJapan W Probablyyes Butsometimestheoppositeistrue Q Howareblue collarworkerspaidinJapan 3 4 5 company公司 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions1 TextStudy heartlandn TextA theareaorregionwhereaparticularsetofactivitiesorbeliefsismostsignificant中心地区 心脏地带 corporationn residentn peoplewholiveinaplace居民 住户 劳动力 劳动队伍 workforcen withoutenoughofsth 缺乏 缺少 shortagen Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions2 TextStudy TextA manufacturern abusinessorcompanywhichmakesgoodsinlargequantitiestosell生产商 unusualorspecialinawaythatmakespeoplenoticethem令人瞩目的 明显的 remarkableadj recoveryn improvementinquality health etc 恢复 复苏 annualadj onceayear everyyear年度的 每年的 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions3 TextStudy TextA earningsn pl moneyreceivedinreturnforone swork 复 收入 工资 挣得的钱 显示 表明 指向 pointto gapn bigdifference spacebetweentwothingsoraholeinthemiddleofsth solid差距 空隙 high end 高端 declinen v 下降 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions4 TextStudy TextA craftn anactivitysuchasweaving carving orpotterythatinvolvesmakingthingsbyhand手工 plumbv putthepipesinbuildingsforcarryingwater examinecloselyordeeply装水管 探寻 探究 masonryn thejobofusingbricksorpiecesofstonetobuildawallorbuilding砖石行业 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions5 TextStudy TextA carpentryn theactivityofmakingandrepairingwoodenthings木匠活 pipefittern apersonwhosejobistofitpipesforbuildings水管工 expandv makesth larger becomelarger扩大 weldvt heattheedgesoftwometalsandputthemtogethersothattheycoolandhardenintoonepiece焊接 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions6 TextStudy TextA machinistn apersonskilledinusingorrepairingmachinery机械工 certificaten anofficialdocumentshowingapersonhascompletedacourseofstudyortraining anofficialdocumentstatingthatparticularfactsaretrue证书 证明 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions7 TextStudy TextA investmentn theactivityofusingone smoneytoincreaseitsvalue themoneyusedthisway投资行为 投资款项 programn aseriesofactionsoreventsthatareplannedtobedone asmallbookorsheetofpaperthatgivesinformationabouttheplayorconcert asetofinstructionsthatacomputerfollowsinordertoperformaparticulartask方案 计划 节目单 程序 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions8 TextStudy TextA findawayup 找到进步或晋升的途径 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextAWordsandExpressions9 TextStudy TextA ProperNames CEO 该词为ChiefExecutiveOfficer的首字母缩写词 表示 首席执行官 Ohio 俄亥俄州 位于美国中西部 是五大湖地区的组成部分 1Tomany America sindustrialheartlandisaplacethathastoolittleworktoofferitsresidents ButthingslookverydifferenttoKarenWright theCEOofArielCorporationinOhio Wright sbiggestproblemisn talackofwork it salackofskilledworkers Wehaveaveryskilledworkforce buttheyaregettingolder saysWright Idon tknowwherewearegoingtofindreplacements Wanted Blue CollarWorkers TextA 1 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy TextA TextA 2 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 2Thatmaysoundsurprising giventhatthestatehassufferedfromlackofjobsforageneration Yetacrosstheheartland onecanalmostfindthesameproblem ashortageofskilledworkers ThatshortageissurelyaproblemformanufacturerslikeWright TextA 3 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 3Theskilled laborshortageshowsaremarkablerecoveryinAmericanmanufacturing Since2009 thenumberofjobopportunitiesinmanufacturinghasbeenrising withaverageannualearningsof 73 000 wellabovetheaverageearningsineducation medicalcare andmanyotherfields TextA 4 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 4Theindustrialrecoverycomeswithaprice aquicklyrisingdemandforskilledworkers TheshortageofindustrialskillspointstoawidegapbetweentheAmericaneducationsystemandthedemandsoftheworldeconomy Formanyyears Americanshavebeentoldthatthefutureliesinhigh endservices suchaslaw and creative professions suchassoftware writingandsystemsdesign Thishasledmanybrightstudentstothinkthattheonlyrealwaytoimproveopportunitiesforthecountry smiddleclassistoincreaseitschancestogethighereducation TextA 5 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 5Somemanufacturersthinktheshortageofskilledworkersresultsfromthedeclineofvocationaleducation Today syoungpeopleoftendonotregardcraftwork plumbing masonry andcarpentry forinstance aspopular becausethey vebeeninstructedtoenterintocollege Peoplegotocollegenotbecausetheywanttobutbecausetheirparentstellthemthat sthethingtodo saysJeffKirk managerofhumanrelationsatacompanyinOhio Kidsneedtobetterknowthatmuchofwhattheylearninschoolisnotreallyneededintheworkplace Theydon trealizeapipefittermakesthreetimesasmuchasasocialworker TextA 6 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 6Fortunately moreandmoreschoolsarecomingtounderstandthatmessageandpassingitalongtotheirstudents Oneoftheseschools CentralOhioTechnicalCollege hasrecentlyexpandedby70weldingstudentsand50machinistsperyear Manyofthecollege scertificateprogramsareplannedandpartlysupportedbycompanies whichthinkthatthey remakingawiseinvestment Youhavealotofpeoplesittinginthecitydoingnothing Theydidnotsucceedincollege Butthisway theycanfindawayup saysKellyWallace headofthecollege sCareerandTechnologyEducationCenter TextA ComprehensionA1 A PairWorkCompletethefollowingsentencesorallyaccordingtothetext Sheis Toher thebiggestproblemis 2 Because Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy TextA WordsandExpressions theCEOofArielCorporationinOhio alackofskilledworkers 3 JeffKirkthinksthatkidsneedtobetterknowthat 4 Theythinkthattheshortageofskilledworkersresultfrom 5 Thecollegehas TextA ComprehensionA2 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions thedeclineofvocationaleducation TextA ComprehensionB1 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions B MainIdeaReadthetextagain Asyouread underlinewhatyouthinkarethemostimportantideas Then inoneortwosentences writethemainideaofthetext Americaissufferingfromalackofskilledworkers Peoplemustpayattentiontovocationaleducation TextA VocabularyBuildingA1 ActiveWords v 1 经过 路过Isawthemanpassthewindow 2 递给 传给Passthesalttome please 3 通过 考试或检查等 Hepassedtheentranceexaminationwithhighmarks 4 批准 通过 议案等 Newlawswerepassed Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy TextA WordsandExpressions pass TextA VocabularyBuildingA1 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions pass 5 度过 消磨 时光 Ipassedthewholeafternoonplayingtabletennis passaway去世Tom sfatherpassedawaytheothernight passby经过 时间 流逝Anhourpassedbyandstillhedidn tappear TextA VocabularyBuildingA1 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions pass passon传递 转告Hereisthenotice Passitonplease passout昏倒 失去知觉 醉倒 分发 分配Shepassedoutbecauseoftheterriblenews TextA VocabularyBuildingA2 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions lack n 缺乏 不足 没有Despitemylackofexperience Igotthejob Theplanwasrejectedforlackofmoney Therewasnolackofthingsforthefathertoworryabout v 缺乏 缺少Peterlackedgoodjudgmentforthepostofchairman Inthiscity weneverlackanything Certainvitalinformationislackinginthereport TextA VocabularyBuildingA2 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions belackingin缺少Heseemstobelackingincommonsense lack TextA VocabularyBuildingA3 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions n 1 尖 尖头 端点Thepointofthepencilisbroken 2 地点 位置Stopatthispoint 3 分数 点数HowmanypointsdidyougetintheEnglishexam 4 要点 论点Whatyouhavesaidisaverygoodpoint point TextA VocabularyBuildingA3 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions v 1 用武器 手指等 瞄准 对着Shepointedafingeratme 2 指向Iaskedwherethebankwasandhepointedacrosstheroad point besidethepoint离题的 不相关的Yourquestionisbesidethepoint pointofview角度 观点 看法Theplanisgoodenoughfrommypointofview TextA VocabularyBuildingA3 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions tothepoint切题的 地 中肯的 地 Whatyousaidwasquitetothepoint pointout指出Hepointedoutallthemistakesinmywriting pointto指向 表明 指明Ipointedtotheredbuildingandtoldhimthatwasmyschool Thewarmdayspointtoanearlyspring point TextA VocabularyBuildingA4 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions n 1 工作 劳动 活计It stimetostart finishwork 2 作品 著作IlikeShakespeare sworks work v 1 工作 劳动 干活MysisterwantstoworkinNanjingforpersonalreasons 2 起作用 有效 管用Ifyourplandoesn twork wehaveanotherone Themethodworksforme TextA VocabularyBuildingA4 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions work outofwork失业的 下岗的Myfatherhasbeenoutofworkforfivemonths workat从事 致力于Heusedtotrytostayinshape butheseldomworksatitnow workon致力于 从事 对 起作用 对 产生影响Sheisnowworkingonhernewbook TheChinesemedicinebegantoworkonherillness TextA VocabularyBuildingA4 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions work workout制订出 想出 努力获得Wehavebeentryingtoworkoutasuitablearrangement TextA VocabularyBuildingA5 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions place n 1 位置Thegirlreturnedthebooktoitsplaceontheshelf 2 地方Therearemanyplacesofinterestinthiscity Idiscoveredasuperbplacetoeat 3 地位Womendeservethesameplaceinsocietyasmendo 4 名次Mysonrosetosecondplaceinhisclass TextA VocabularyBuildingA5 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions place v 1 放置Youcanplacethebookonthetable 2 使处于某种状态Thequarrelcouldputtheirfriendshipatrisk inplaceofYoucanusetheforkinplaceofchopsticks inthefirstplaceWhoaskedyoutodothatinthefirstplace TextA VocabularyBuildingA5 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions place outofplace在不恰当的位置IfeltoutofplaceatJohn sfamilyparty takeplaceGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown Despitehisgreateffort he 没有在比赛中获得好名次 2 Icanhardlyunderstand 这一堂课的要点 3 Willyouplease 将这封信带给小王 TextA VocabularyBuilding TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions CompletethefollowingsentencesbasedonthegivenChinese themajorpointsoftheclass passthelettertoXiaoWang 4 Thelittlegirlseemsto 缺乏勇气 5 Theyare 制订一个计划 fortomorrow sparty TextA VocabularyBuilding TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions CompletethefollowingsentencesbasedonthegivenChinese belackingincourage workingoutaplan TextA VocabularyBuilding Ex A1 TextA averagecertificatedeclineearningsexpandinvestmentmachinistremarkablereplacementresidentshortageworkforce Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions A Matchthewordsintheleft handcolumnwiththeChinesemeaningsontheright 投资行为机械工代替物证书 证明缺乏劳动力扩大居民收入平均的令人瞩目的下降 Exercises TextA VocabularyBuilding Ex B1 TextA Theyfoughtto liberation theblackpeoplefromslavery 2 Hewatched help asthetrainleftwithouthim 3 Prof Dingisavery respect person 4 ThomasisanEnglish historical Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions B Fillineachofthefollowingblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords liberate helplessly respectable historian 5 Ispoketohim concern hisbehavior 6 Hisroomisinastateof confuse 7 Mymothercookedmany taste dishestoday 8 Sparinghimisa mercy act TextA VocabularyBuildingEx B2 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions concerning confusion tasty merciful TextA VocabularyBuildingD1 TextA EnglishTerms ChineseTerms 咄咄逼人的 aggressive awkward blunt considerate cooperative direct earnest easy going enthusiastic generous 笨拙的 体贴的 体谅的 率直的 直言不讳的 有合作精神的 直率的 认真的 诚挚的 随和的 热心的 慷慨的 大方的 Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions WordsforDescribingPersonalQualities TextA VocabularyBuildingD2 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions EnglishTerms ChineseTerms 和蔼的 温和的 gentle gracious humorous impatient innocent kind mild modest patient proud 亲切的 和蔼的 不耐烦的 缺乏耐心的 幽默的 风趣的 天真的 和蔼的 仁慈的 温和的 和善的 谦虚的 有耐心的 骄傲的 TextA VocabularyBuildingD3 TextA Comprehension VocabularyBuilding TextStudy WordsandExpressions EnglishTerms ChineseTerms 争强好胜的 过于主动的 pushy reasonable sensitive shy 通情达理的 害羞的 羞怯的 敏感的 sociable straightforward thoughtful timid tolerant 合群的 友好的 坦率的 直截了当的 考虑周到的 体谅的 羞怯的 胆小的 宽容的 TextA T1 对于很多人来说 美国的工业中心地带并不能给那里的居民提供很多就业岗位 但是 在卡伦 赖特看来 事情并非如此 作为俄亥俄州阿里尔公司的首席执行官 赖特面临的最大问题并不是缺乏就业岗位 而是缺乏熟练技术工人 我们有一支非常熟练的劳动力队伍 但他们的年纪越来越大 怀特说 我不知道我们要去哪里寻找新鲜血液来替代他们 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 招聘蓝领工人 TextA T2 这听起来可能令人吃惊 因为这个国家整整一代人已经遭受了失业的痛苦 然而 纵观整个中心地带 我们几乎可以发现同样的问题 熟练工人短缺 这种短缺正是像赖特这样的制造商们所面临的一个共同问题 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy TextA T3 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 熟练劳动力短缺表明美国制造业在明显复苏 2009年以来 制造业产生的就业岗位就一直在上升 年均收入73 000美元 远远超过了教育 医疗和其他许多领域的平均收入水平 TextA T4 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 伴随工业的复苏是对熟练工人的需求的不断上升 工业技能的缺乏是由美国的教育体系和世界经济需求之间的巨大差距所导致的 多年来 美国的民众一直被灌输一种想法 即美国的未来是建立在诸如法律这样的高端服务或编写软件和系统设计这样的 创造性 行业之上的 这就使得许多聪颖的学生以为 只有增加接受高等教育的机会 才是跻身中产阶级的唯一出路 TextA T5 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 一些制造商认为技术工人的短缺源于职业教育的衰落 今天的年轻人并没有把手工艺行业看作热门行业 比如管道工 泥瓦工 木工等 因为他们从小就被教导要上大学 人们去上大学 并不是因为他们自己想去上 而是因为父母告诉他们应该去上 俄亥俄州某公司的人事经理杰夫 柯克这样说道 孩子们需要更清楚地了解 他们在学校学到的很多知识在工作场所里并不会真正用得上 而且他们不了解水管工的收入是社会工作者的三倍 TextA T6 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy 幸运的是 越来越多的学校正在接受这一信息 并将其传递给学生 其中俄亥俄州中部技术学院每年都要扩招70名焊接专业和50名机修专业的学生 许多学院的认证项目由公司规划并得到其部分扶持 因为他们认为这是一项明智的投资 学院职业与技术教育中心的负责人凯利 华莱士说 这个城市里有很多人都无所事事 他们没能进大学 但是有了这一途径 他们可以找到一条出路了 TextA heartland TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy heartlandn theareaorregionwhereaparticularsetofactivitiesorbeliefsismostsignificant中心地区 心脏地带 Jackhadasix daybustouraroundtheindustrialheartlandofAmerica 杰克在美国工业中心区域乘大巴旅游了六天 EventheattackonPearlHarbourwasremotefromthecountry sheartland 即使是珍珠港事件的发生地也远离美国的心腹地带 TextA resident1 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy Theyaregoingtobuildmorelow costhomesforlocalresidents 他们将为当地居民建造更多低成本的住宅 residentn peoplewholiveinaplace居民 住户 HehasbeenresidentinBrusselssince1997 他自1997年起就住在布鲁塞尔 Phrases 1 permanentresident永久居民 2 residentphysician住院医生 TextA resident2 TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy MargaretresideswithhermotherinaLondonsuburb 玛格丽特同她的母亲住在伦敦郊区 residev 居住 asmartresidentialarea 整洁漂亮的住宅区 residentialadj 居住的 居民的 TextA corporation TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy multinationalcorporations 跨国公司 pany公司 TextA workforce TextA workforcen 劳动力 劳动队伍 Inthecountry halftheworkforceisunemployed 该国中有一半劳动力失业 Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy anemployerofaverylargeworkforce 雇用了大量员工的雇主 TextA replacement TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy replacementn sth orsb thattakestheplaceofsth orsb else代替物 代替者 MaryreplacedRobertasmanagerofthecompany 玛丽取代罗伯特担任公司经理 replacev 代替 取代 TaylorhasnominatedAdamsashisreplacement 泰勒提名亚当斯接替他 TextA shortage TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy shortagen withoutenoughofsth 缺乏 缺少 Vietnamissufferingfromfoodshortage 越南正遭受食物短缺之苦 TextA manufacturer TextA Comprehension WordsandExpressions VocabularyBuilding TextStudy manufacturern abusinessorcompanywhichmakesgoodsinlargequantitiestosell生产商 Italsoworkswithcompaniestomanufactureandsellthem 它同样也与一些公司合作生产和销售产品 manufacturev 生产 theworld slargestdollmanufacturer