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Unit 4 Astronomy- the science of the stars课时作业Learning about language.阅读理解AThe Boy Made It!One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didnt have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed out. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didnt, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldnt find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved. Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls survival show Man vs Wild. Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.【文章大意】本文讲的是一个小男孩在暴风雪中迷路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。1. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?AHe broke his skis. BHe got lost.CHe hurt his eyes. DHe caught a cold.解析：B细节理解题。根据第一段Before he knew it，Nicholas was lost，all alone！可知答案。2How did Nicholas keep himself warm?AHe found a shelter.BHe lighted some branches.CHe kept on skiing.DHe built a snow cave.解析：D细节理解题。根据第三段Nicholas built a snow cave.以及to stay as warm as he could可知，Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。3. On Tuesday, Nicholas _. Areturned to his shelter safelyBwas saved by a searcherCgot stuck in the snowDstayed where he was解析：B细节理解题。根据第五段He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him可知，星期二的时候，Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了。4. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he _. Awatched Grylls TV program regularlyBdid the right things in the dangerous situationCcreated some tips for survivalDwas very hardworking解析：B推理判断题。根据最后一段since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.可知，Grylls比其他任何人都懂得 Nicholas逃生的艰难，所以他对男孩留下了深刻的印象。BNew research from the University of Miami is showing that languages with complex toneslike Mandarin tend to occur more often in wet regions, while languages with simple tones like Swedish occur in dry regions.“English is a nontonal language which originates in a relatively dry part of the world. Its in the top 15 percent of the driest languages. This fits with our hypothesis (假说). Its perfectly possible that the English language could adopt tones in areas that are now more humid，or as the climate changes，”says Sean Roberts, who works on global differences in geophonetics(地理语音学)The research changes how language evolution is understood, with data drawn from over half the worlds tongues. “Broadly, this suggests another nonconscious way in which humans have adapted to their very different and extremely cruel environments，” says Caleb Everett，the researcher on the project.“Also, there may be some health benefits to certain sound patterns in certain climates, but more research is needed.”Breathing in dry air may cause a speakers voice box to lose too much water, decreasing voice range.“Theres a hypothesis several anthropologists，who study people，society and culture, have put forward that languages in warmer climates such as Kenya tend to have higher rates of mouth opening，” says Everett. “Languages do gain and lose tones, and can do so quite quickly. Ancient dialects of Chinese had no tone, and Korean is currently undergoingtonogenesis (gaining tones)，” adds Roberts. At present, its very difficult to say whether very early languages had tones or not.“One of the things well be researching next is whether languages gain or lose tones when entering or leaving dry climates，” says Roberts.“This will involve reconstructing linguistic history using statistical methods. Effectively, this will also involve modelling climate change.”【文章大意】新研究发现气候能够改变人们的说话方式。5What may be Robertss hypothesis?AThe wetter the area is, the simpler the tone is.BThe drier the area is, the fewer tones the language has.CThe warmer the climate becomes, the simpler the tone is.DThe hotter the climate becomes, the more complex the tone is.解析：B推理判断题。根据第一段内容、第二段首句和This fits with our hypothesis.可推知，Roberts他们的设想是气候越干，语调越简单；气候越湿，语调越复杂。6According to the research，language evolution shows _. Acultural communicationBsurvival of the fittestCgeographical differencesDclimate changes解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段的Broadly, this suggests another nonconscious way in which humans have adapted to their very different and extremely cruel environments.可推知，在研究者看来，语言演变表明适者生存。7The scientists are certain that _. Athere are some health benefits to certain sound patterns in certain climatesBthe English language could adopt tones in areas that are now more humidClanguages in warmer climates have higher rates of mouth openingDlanguages can gain and lose tones quite quickly over time解析：D细节理解题。根据possible，may be，hypothesis可排除A、B、C选项，从倒数第二段首句可知D选项正确。8What is the best title for the passage?AClimate tonesBGeography changesCA proven hypothesisDLanguage conditions解析：A主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了气候能够改变人们的说话语调。CMany people like to use their phones or tablet PCs at night before they go to sleep. However, the light from mobile devices can affect sleep. But not all lights carry the same risk in terms of health. A recent study in the UK has shown that blue light actually can keep sleepy people awake. Tired drivers who are exposed to blue light become as awake as those who drink two cups of coffee.Blue light filters(滤光器) have been developed for mobile devices to help deal with sleep disorders. Apps are available for Android devices that filter blue light on screens. Updates to the iPhone, iPad and Amazon Fire tablet have added blue light filters.Twilight App Android DevicesTwilight is a free app intended specially for Android device screens. It is set to turn on by itself. Or users can turn it on and off at any time. In the app settings，you can conveniently change the color and the time the filter turns on and off. But when Twilight is on, some other apps may not function fully. Twilight is available in the Google Play store Night ShiftiPhone and iPadApple has updated its operating system with Night Shift, a blue light filter, To turn on Night Shift every night, go to the Settings, then Display, Brightness and Night Shift. It can be set for Night Shift to go on and off at sunset and sunrise. In the Settings you can choose the color of the filter. Besides, the sun and moon icon (图标) in Control Center also shows Night Shift. Choose it to switch Night Shift on or off at any time.Blue ShadeAmazon Fire TabletsAmazon has started Blue Shade to filter blue light on screens. To turn on Blue Shade on a Fire tablet，its necessary to swipe down(向下滑动) from the top of the screen and then choose Blue Shade.To arrange the color, go to the Settings, then Display and finally Blue Shade.【文章大意】本文是说明文，题材为科普环保类。为了减少移动设备的蓝光对睡眠造成的干扰，滤光器已被广泛应用于手机和平板电脑。9What can we learn from the study in the UK?ALights help people stay healthy.BBlue light has the worst effect on sleep.CMobile devices make people sleep well.DIts good for tired drivers to drink coffee.解析：B细节理解题。由第一段A recent study in the UK has shown that blue light actually can keep sleepy people awake可知，英国的一项研究显示，蓝光能让困倦的人保持清醒，它对睡眠的影响最大。10Why are blue light filters created?ATo help protect the screen.BTo improve peoples eyesight.CTo remove blue light for better sleep.DTo introduce some new mobile devices.解析：C推理判断题。由第二段Blue light filters have been developed for mobile devices to help deal with sleep disorders可知，蓝光滤光器被发明出来并应用到移动设备中是为了帮助解决人们的睡眠障碍问题。11. What do we know about Twilight App?AIt will go on and off by itself.BIt causes other apps to work better.CIt can be used for any mobile device.DIt isnt fixed in mobile devices in advance.解析：D推理判断题。由第三段Twilight is a free app intended specially for Android device screens和Twilight is available in the Google Play store可知，Twilight应用程序不是提前在移动设备上安装好的。12. How can we start Night Shift in Control Center?ABy closing the operating system.BBy changing its color with the sun.CBy switching the sun and moon icon.DBy swiping down from the top of the screen.解析：C细节理解题。由第四段Besides, the sun and moon icon in Control Center also shows Night Shift. Choose it to switch Night Shift on or off at any time可知，选择控制中心的太阳和月亮图标也可以随时打开和关闭Night Shift滤光器。.七选五Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often：ability, money, and time._1_ Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? _2_ 2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread？_3_ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3_4_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start._5_ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!ATry new things.BAbility is easily improved.CMake three or four instead.DUnderstand your food better.E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.【文章大意】作者就如何在紧张的时间里做一顿好饭给出了一些建议。1解析：B根据第一句中的关键信息.three main reasons.ability, money，and time.以及空后提到了money和time可知，设空处应填关于ability的句子。故选B项。2解析：G本段的关键词是Think ahead.G项也提到了planning ahead(提前计划)。故选G项。3解析：C根据空前的问题Are you making one loaf of bread？(你在做一片面包吗？)并结合空后表达的意思“同一种食物多做一些花的时间可能大致相同”可以推断出，C项(那就做上三四片吧)符合语境。故选C项。4解析：A根据空后的关键信息experimentation和hit upon new ideas可以推断出，本段的主题应该是“尝试新事物”。故选A项。5解析：F根据设空后的内容“不要让繁忙的日程妨碍你在饮食和生活方式上作出美好的改变”可知F项(让烹饪和生活纯粹是快乐而非负担)符合文义。故选F项。
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