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Unit 4 Astronomy- the science of the stars课时作业Learning about language.单句语法填空1I will support him so long as he advocates carrying (carry) out the plan at once.2(2014四川高考写作)In addition, what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking (take) the exam.3You are able to give or donate blood every three or four months, and it is a great way to make valuable contributions (contribute) to society.4There is a growing tendency (tend) towards having two children in our country.5What the educator (educate) stated in his report is not entirely right.6I just cant put up with air and water pollution (pollute)7Breathing in some fresh air in the morning can refresh (fresh) ourselves.8There is no doubt that every parent would like to see their kids growth (grow)9It is not appropriate to wear so casually (casual) on such a formal occasion.10It is clearly stated in the book when the tradition came into existence (exist)11Having lived in Paris for 35 years, he experienced many social and cultural phenomena (phenomenon) of France.12The magician picked several persons at random from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.阅读理解AScientists long have wondered whether we are born with our musical tastes. A team of researchers wanted to find out the answer. Team leader Josh McDermott is a scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.McDermotts team worked with five groups of adults. Two of the groups live in the United States. They listen to Western music. People in one of the two groups had each played a musical instrument for an average of 7.7 years. Those in the other group had played music for less than a year. This allowed the researchers to study whether playing an instrument changed the kinds of sounds people like to hear. All of the other members live in the South American country of Bolivia. One group lives in the capital city of La Paz. They hear Western music, but probably not as much as people living in North America do. Another group comes from the small town of San Borja. Its residents (居民) probably hear even less Western music than the people in La Paz do.The final group the Tsimanlive in a village within the Amazon rainforest. It is so far away that outsiders can reach it only by boat. When they sing or play instruments，they do it by themselves. This sets their music apart from the kinds of sounds typical in Western music. The people in all five groups listened to recordings of chords (和弦). Some chords were consonant. That term refers to musical sounds that most people consider pleasant to hear. Others were dissonant. As expected, US. residents strongly preferred consonant chords. People in La Paz and San Borja also preferred consonance over dissonance. But the Tsiman liked them equally. Whats more, how strongly people preferred consonant chords was linked to their exposure (曝光) to Western music. US. residents who had played a musical instrument preferred consonant chords most. Those in San Borja preferred them least. And the Tsiman？ They showed no preference for either.【文章大意】本文为说明文，题材为日常生活类。研究发现人们对某种音乐的偏爱跟他们经常听什么音乐有关。1What do the people in the first two groups have in common?AThey all love various kinds of music.BThey are all often exposed to Western music.CNone of them have listened to foreign music.DThey have played music for less than a year. 解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段的Two of the groups live in the United States. They listen to Western music可知，这两组人是美国人，经常听西洋音乐。2Why did the researchers work with the Tsiman？ ABecause they were good at music.BBecause they had their own music.CBecause their place was very difficult to reach.DBecause they hadnt been exposed to Western music.解析：D推理判断题。根据第四段的When they sing or play instruments. apart from the kinds of sounds typical in Western music可知，主要是因为他们没有接触过西洋音乐。3What do dissonant chords refer to?ANew musical sounds. BMusical sounds from abroad.CUnpleasant musical sounds. DWellknown musical sounds.解析：C词义猜测题。根据第五段的That term refers to musical sounds that most people consider pleasant to hear. Others were dissonant可知，这里是在进行对比，故后者是被认为不悦耳的音乐。4What did the researchers most probably conclude in the end?AMusical preferences are dependent or the environment.BMusical instruments help people know about music.CPeople are born with their musical tastes.DPeople love music for different reasons.解析：A推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，人们对音乐的偏爱受周围的影响。BAfter years of heated debate，gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park.By last year，the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populationsmajor food sources (来源) for the wolfgrew rapidly.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the park.In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes，and completely drove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The US.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。以前在黄石地区随处可见的灰狼消失了。灰狼的消失引发了一系列生态问题，生物学家建议重新引入狼群，但附近农场主反对。政府花了近30年时间研究计划重新引入狼群，这一案例对其他地区也有借鉴意义。5What is the text mainly about?AWildlife research in the United States.BPlant diversity in the Yellowstone area.CThe conflict between farmers and gray wolves.DThe reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.解析：D主旨大意题。文章围绕重新将灰狼引入黄石公园展开讨论，故选D项。A项“美国的野生生物调查”过于宽泛；B项“黄石地区的植物种类”与主题不符；C项“农场主和灰狼之间的冲突”以偏概全。6What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?ATested.BSeparated.CForced out. DTracked down.解析：C词义猜测题。根据上文可知，灰狼曾经随处可见，再结合后文wolves had practically disappeared可知与displaced意思最接近的是C项“封杀出局，消灭掉”。displace意为“取代，替代”。test测试；separate分开；track down追查到，均与语境不符。7What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?ADamage to local ecology.BA decline in the parks income.CPreservation of vegetation.DAn increase in the variety of animals.解析：A推理判断题。由第三段可知，灰狼的消失产生了很多意想不到的结果。鹿群及丛林狼的数量快速增长，前者导致植被破坏，后者杀死大量红狐狸并将河狸赶出公园。由此可知，灰狼的消失导致当地的生态失去平衡，故选A项。B项“公园收入下降”，无中生有；C项“植被保护”及D项“动物种类增加”均与原文相悖。8What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?ADoubtful. BPositive.CDisapproving. DUncaring.解析：B推理判断题。由最后一段可知，灰狼回归后，鹿群及丛林狼的数量减少了，而河狸和红狐狸又回来了，再由a valuable experiment to help等可推断出作者对于黄石狼项目持肯定态度，故选B项。doubtful怀疑的；disapproving不支持的；uncaring不关心的。CWhen volcanoes are about to erupt, they show some predictive characteristics. However, until now, there has not been a way to forecast eruptions of more restless volcanoes because of the constant seismic(地震的) activity and gas and steam emissions (散发). Carnegie volcanologist Diana Roman, working with a team of scientists, has shown that periods of seismic quiet occur immediately before eruptions and can thus be used to forecast eruptions for restless volcanoes. The duration (持续时间) of the silence can indicate the level of energy that will be released when eruption occurs. Longer quiet periods mean a bigger bang.The team monitored a series of eruptions at the Telica Volcano in Nicaragua in 2011. They started monitoring Telica in 2009 with various instruments. The 2011 eruptive event was a monthlong series of ash explosions. The eruption likely resulted from the vents(风口)being blocked off so that gas could not escape. This resulted in an increase in the pressure that eventually caused the explosions.Of the 50 explosions that occurred, 35 had quiet periods lasting 30 minutes or longer. Thirteen explosions had quiet periods for at least five minutes. Only two of the 50 did not have any quiet period before the explosion. “It is the calm before the storm，” remarked Roman. “We could also use these quiet periods to forecast the amount of energy released.”The researchers did an analysis of the energy released. They found that the longer the quiet stage, the more energy was released in the explosion. The quiet periods ranged from 6 minutes before an explosion to over 10 hours for the largest explosion.“What is clear is that this method of careful monitoring of Telica or other similar volcanoes in real time could be used for shortterm forecasts of eruptions，” Roman said. “Similar observations of this phenomenon have been noted elsewhere. Our work has now proved that quiet periods can be used for eruption forecasts and that longer quiet periods at recently active volcanoes could indicate a higher risk of devastating eruptions.”【文章大意】据研究，活火山爆发前的平静期有利于人们预测火山的爆发。9It is difficult to forecast the eruptions of some volcanoes because _.Athey are too active to forecastBthey are quiet before eruptionsCthey show wrong signs of eruptionsDthey erupt for a short period of time解析：A细节理解题。根据第一段中的However, until now, there has not been a way to forecast eruptions of more restless volcanoes because of the constant seismic activity and gas and steam emissions.可知，预测一些火山的爆发是很困难的，因为它们长期处于活跃的状态。故答案为A项。10The scientists forecast eruptions of restless volcanoes by _.Aanalyzing the gas which is blocked off Bobserving the quiet periods before eruptionsCmeasuring the amount of energy that is given offDstudying the pressure that will cause the explosions解析：B细节理解题。根据第一段中的Carnegie volcanologist Diana Roman, working with a team of scientists, has shown that periods of seismic quiet occur immediately before eruptions and can thus be used to forecast eruptions for restless volcanoes.可知，科学家通过观察活火山的平静期来预测火山的爆发。故答案为B项。11What can be inferred from the passage?ASimilar research has been done long before.BThe Telica Volcano is not an active volcano.CThe quiet periods before eruptions are very short.DNot all the eruptions of restless volcanoes can be forecast.解析：D推理判断题。根据第三段中的Only two of the 50 did not have any quiet period before the explosion. 可知，不是所有的活火山爆发前都有平静期，所以科学家通过观察活火山的平静期来预测火山的爆发的方法并不能适用于所有的活火山预测。故答案D项。.七选五Learning to set goals plays an important role as your child starts to gain independence. However, setting goals doesnt come naturally to your child, so helping him to learn the process should probably be one of your goals.Explain the word “goal”. Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer, but he may not understand what it means in everyday life. _1_ Listen to your child. Ideally, you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are. _2_ Let him talk about what he thinks he does well and what he thinks he needs to improve. If hes stuck, you can provide some examples of your own personal goals. Help keep goals achievable. Dont throw cold water on your child, _3_ For example, if your child wants to be a champion swimmer, but cant swim an entire lap of the pool yet, you can suggest he start by making that his first goal._4_ Help your child write down his goals in an easytofollow form. Being able to see and check off the steps on the way to his goal is key in keeping him motivated. A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper, writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级). _5_ AChange goals every so often.BMake a visual goal reminder.CDont always tell him what you think.DHes climbing to the top as he gets closer to his goal.E. You can take sports as an example to help explain it to him.F. Once he has set up a goal, he may find it very difficult to achieve it.G. When a goal is beyond his reach, help him break it down into smaller pieces.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了如何帮助孩子设定自己的目标，从而使他们学会独立。1解析：E根据空前的“Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer”可知，通过拿足球运动做例子让孩子明白目标的概念，所以选E项。2解析：C根据本段主题句“Listen to your child”和空前的“Ideally，you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are”可知，你不要总是告诉孩子你的想法，要让孩子自己去决定他的目标，所以选C项。3解析：G根据本段主题句“Help keep goals achievable”和空后所举的例子可推知，父母在孩子的目标太大不能实现的情况下，可以帮助其分解目标从而逐步实现目标，所以选G项。4解析：B根据空后的“Help your child write down his goals in an easytofollow form”可知，确定目标之后，要让孩子把目标写下来，便于提醒和及时查看，所以选B项。5解析：D根据空前的“A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper, writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级)”可知，爬向顶端就意味着离目标更近了，所以选D项。
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