人教英语选修8第一单元Learningaboutlanguage.ppt

Unit1Alandofdiversity Learningaboutlanguage majority Completethefollowingchartwithnewwordsfromthetext racial hardship hardness distinction Italy Korean Pakistani Denish applied mixed illustrative application mixture illustration simplify simplicity 2Completethesesentences usingnewwordsfromthetext 1 A countryconsistsofagroupofstates 2 Thatisthebiggest churchIhaveeverseen federal catholic 3 The ofusvotedforMrRed whothenbecamechairmanofthecommittee 4 The ofEducationisoneofthegovernmentdepartments 5 Theeconomic inrecentyearshascreatedmorejobopportunities 6 shapedlikeabootliesinthesouthofEurope majority Ministry boom Italy shapen 1 形状 样子 外形 C U Thesculptorworkedtheclayintotheshapeofawoman 2 表现 形式 体现 具体化 U C Thewriter sdreamsfindashapeinhisnovel 3 口 情况 状态 U Athletesmuststayinshape 运动员一定要保持身体健康 4 模糊的人影 幽灵 C Inthedarkness Isawashapetiptoeingout 及物动词vt 1 使成形 塑造 制作 into from outof Thepottershapedtheclayintoavase Childhoodexperiencesoftenplayabigpartinshapingone scharacter 童年经历在形成一个人的性格方面往往起重要作用 2 使 具体化Thewritershapedwhathehadinhismindintothenovel 3 使适合 使合身 to Thedresswasshapedtoherfigure 这件连衣裙做得很适合她的身材 7 Weshoulddrawa betweenrightandwrong 8 TomakethecrossingfromShandongtotheNortheast ourancestorssufferedallkindsof 9 ThepeoplefromSouthorNorth arecalledKoreans 10 Nobodyknowswhowillbe aspresidentorvicepresidentofthiscountry distinction hardship Korea elected 3Choosethewordsandphrasestofillintheblanks changingtheirformsifnecessary aircraftcrossingbymeansofmakealiferailstraitArctic Mynephew sfirstholidaytothe wasadelight Thesceneryandtheicebergsexcitedhim LookingacrosstheBering intoRussiawassomethinghewouldrememberforever Tomakethe betweenthesetwogreatcountriesseemedasifitwouldtakenotimeatall Thenhetravelledacrosstheice adogsled Itmadethejourneyhehadearlierdoneby seemveryordinary Arctic strait crossing bymeansof rail WhenhereachedtheNorthPole hefoundtthemeltingoftheiceand forthemselvesamongthesnowyhillsandplains Afterashortbreakhetookthelocal toflybacktoAlaskaandtheseavoyagebackhome Makingalife aircraft occurvi 存在 被发现 发生 想到 想起 to 主语是事 宾语是人 Theseflowersoccurinthetropics 热带 Thesounddoesn toccurinChinese Whendidtheaccidentoccur Anideaoccurredtome Itneveroccurredtohimthatshewouldfail Explanation 1 Thenameofthefilm mesuddenly Whichofthefollowingiswrong A occurredtoB cametoC struckD stuck2 tomethatIhadleftthedoorunlocked A IthappenedB ItstruckC IthitD Itoccurred3 Anaccidentdid however atthestreetcornerlastnight A occurB takeplaceC happenedD brokeout occur occurred occurred D D A Grammar NounClauses名词性从句 NounClauses subjectiveclause主语从句 objectiveclause宾语从句 predicativeclause表语从句 appositiveclause同位语从句 名词性从句相当于名词 可分别作主句的主语 表语 宾语和同位语 因此 名词性从句可分为主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句 1 Whatitwastobecomewasamystery 2 Idon tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet 3 Histroubleisthathedoesn tknowanybodyinLondon 4 Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 1 宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用 可以作动词的宾语 也可以作介词的宾语 引导宾语从句词有连词that if whether 连接代词who whose what which 连接副词when where how why等 1 Ithink that womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience 2 Iwonderwhether ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered 3 Doyouknowwho whomJackwasspeakingto 2 表语从句表语从句在复合句中起表语作用 引导宾语从句词有连词that what which who whom whose等 除在句子中起连接作用外 还可在从句中充当主语 表语 定语 且各有各的词义 Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist 3 主语从句做主语用的名词性从句 因其在复合句中做主语 又称主语从句 引导主语从句的有连词that whether 连接代词who what which 连接副词when where how why等 Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay 4 同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句 大多由从属连词that引导 常常跟在fact news idea thought question reply report remark hope belief等名词后面 同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容 在逻辑上表现为同为关系 Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewruleshouldbeadopted 1 名词性从句的语序 陈述句语序 2 几对重要关联词的区别 whether if what that what whatever who whoever etc 3 it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句 4 根据具体情景选用适当的关联词 高考考查热点 根据例句 讨论 1 whether if的区别Pleasetellmeif whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing WhetherhewillbewelltomorrowI mnotsure Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem ABCD A A 引导宾语从句 位于及物动词后B 引导宾语从句 位于介词后C 引导宾语从句 放句首D 引导表语从句 主语从句或同位语从句 2 What that的区别Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy Thisiswhatmakesusinterested ThereasonwasthatTodhadneverseenthemillion poundnotebefore 缺 不缺 什么 所 的东西 事情 无意义 否 宾语从句中能省略 3 who whoever what whatever的区别ThespokenEnglishcompetitioniscoming Whowillattendthemeetinghasn tbeendecidedyet Ibelievewhoevertakespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest Canyoutellmewhatyouwouldliketoorder Whateverhappens don tbesurprised Allthefoodhereisdelicious Justorderwhateveryoulike 表示 谁 表示 的任何人 表 什么 所 的东西 事情 表 的任何东西 表 不论谁 表 无论什么 4 常见的it作形式主语的结构Itisafactthathewonthematch ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines Itseemedthathewouldcomehere Itisafact ashame apity nowonder goodnews that Itisnecessary strange important possible likely that 这类主语从句中 谓语动词常为 should 动词原形 Itissaid reported decide known that Itseemed happened doesn tmatter hasturnedout that SuggestedanswerstoExercise3onpage5 Shepretendedthatshewasasocialist believinginsocialism ItisnotsurprisingthatsomanypeopleloveCalifornia Whyshedidn ttellyouherselfiswhatIwanttoknow iswhatIcan texplain Iwonderwhyheliedtome Revisingusefulstructures Thetroublewasthatshehadlostherpassport ItisessentialthatyougetavisabeforeyoutraveltotheUSA WhatGeorgediscoveredinCaliforniawasdifferentfromwhathesawinthemovies WheretheygotallthatmoneyiswhatIwanttoknow iswhatIcan texplain 定语从句陷阱题 1 Shewassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood hesaidmeant A thatB whatC thatthatD whatwhat2 After hadhappenedhecouldnotcontinuetoworkthere A whichB howC whatD having 3 Hepointedto lookedlikeatombandsaid Ghost A thatB whatC whichD as4 Is youwanttosay askedtheteacher A thisB thatC allthatD thatall5 When leaveforJapan When leaveforJapaniskeptsecret A theywill willtheyB willthey theywillC theywill theywillD willthey willthey 6 Noneknowsif thatboy butif him herparentswillbedisappointed A shewillmarry shewillmarryB shemarries shemarriesC shewillmarry shemarriesD shemarries shewillmarry7 Where gotowork Where gotoworkisnotknown A weshall weshallB shallwe shallweC shallwe weshallD weshall shallwe 8 Someoneisringingthedoorbell Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis9 Don tyouknow mydearfriend itisyourmoneynotyouthatsheloves A whoB whichC thatD what 10 Everyoneknows perhapsexceptyou yourgirl friendisacheat A whoB whichC thatD what11 Ithink thoughIcouldbemistaken shelikedme A whoB whichC thatD what12 Hetoldmethenews believeitornot hehadearned 1000inasingleday A thatB whichC asD because 13 Theylosttheirwayintheforest and mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall A itB whichC thatD what14 Patienceisakindofquality andthatis ittakestodoanythingwell A whatB whichC whichD how15 Ithascometomynotice someofyouhavemissedclasses A whatB whichC thatD when 16 Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice Iwaslastnight A ThatB WhenC WhereD What17 Countrylifegiveshimpeaceandquiet whichis hecan tenjoywhilelivinginbigcities A thatB whyC whereD what18 Itisprettywellunderstood controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday A thatB whenC whatD how 19 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons A What whyB That whatC What becauseD Why that20 wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore A ThatB WhatC WhichD Whether21 Peoplehaveheard thePresidenthassaid theyarewaitingtosee hewilldo A how howB what whatC when howD that what 22 Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview pleaserememberthegoldenrule Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly hewants A whatB whichC whenD that23 ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo Icantosavethem A whateverB thatC whichD whichever24 shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy A WhatB ThatC WhenD Because 25 Eat cakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor comesinlate A any whoB every whoeverC whichever whoeverD either whoever26 Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella Igotwetthrough A It sthereasonB That swhyC There swhyD That sbecause 27 hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising A WhoB TheoneC AnyoneD Whoever28 medicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestion noteveryonecanunderstandfully A How thatB What whichC That whichD What that Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward anditdoesn tmatter thatI mtalkingto 广东省 A whoisitB whoitisC itiswhoD itiswhom 高考链接 B 3 madetheschoolproudwas morethan90 ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities 上海春季 A What becauseB What thatC That whatD That because B 5 Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday sgame Oh that s 北京春季 A whatmakesmefeelexcitedB whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC howIfeelaboutitD whenIfeelexcited 解析 这是由what引导的一个表语从句 在从句中充当主语 这句话的意思为 那是使我感到兴奋的事 故答案为A A 6 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthat youhadafewdaysoff NMET A whyB whenC whatD where 解析 这是一个由why引导的表语从句 表示原因 这句话的意思是 这就是你离开的原因吗 故答案为A A 7 Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery ofgreatimportancetoscience A whichIthinkisB whichIthinkitisC whichIthinkitD Ithinkwhichis 解析 答案A 该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的用法 因插入语应位于引导词之后 所以D项不对 B C两项无法构成正确结构 A 1 ThelawyerrarelywearsanythingotherthanjeansandaT shirt theseason A whateverB whereverC wheneverD however2 Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout theycangowithanewteacher A howfarB howsoonC howoftenD howlong 高考链接 A A 3 isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing A ItB WhatC AsD Which4 Whenasked theyneededmost thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved A whatB whyC whomD which B A 5 wasmostimportanttoher shetoldme washerfamily A ItB ThisC WhatD As6 ForestssufferedatthehandsofMan theyweredestroyedbypeopletomakewayforagriculturallandtoprovidefoodformorepeople A inwhichB forwhichC sothatD inthat C D 7 wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway A AnyoneB TheoneC WhoeverD Who8 Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom theirparentsspeakathome A whatB thatC whichD one C A 高考链接 1 Sheisverydeartous Wehavebeenpreparedtodo ittakestosaveherlife A whicheverB howeverC whateverD whoever 答案 C名词性从句的引导词 句意为 她对我们来说是非常宝贵 我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命 2 Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears whatB whichC thatD though 答案 C间隔式同位语从句的用法 即先行词是thefact和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分 3 CouldIspeakto isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease A whoB whatC whoeverD whatever 答案 Cwhoever既作了to的宾语 又作isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease 的主语 whoever 作代词 anypersonwho thepersonwho 任何人 无论谁 的人 4 Thehowtobookcanbeofhelpto wantstodothejob whoB whomeverC nomatterwhoD whoever 答案 D此处从做介词to的宾语 是名词性从句 引导词做从句的主语 指人 意思是 无论是谁 选D 5 Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas ofpublichealth A whatB thisC thatD which 答案 C句意为 他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生 考查that作代词 that作代词 往往用于特指 相当于 that 名词 它也只能代替事情不能代替人 6 Newscamefromtheschooloffice WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity A whichB whatC thatD where 答案 C在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容 由于该题把同位语从句后置了 所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项 7 Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain shewasandwaitforhermother whereB whatC howD who 答案 Aremain是系动词 后加表语从句 由句意可知 从句缺地点状语 所以选A Homework 1 Summarizetherulesofnounclausesandlearnthembyheart 2 Translatesentences 1 显而易见 英语很重要 主语从句 2 玛利认为他会帮助她 宾语从句 3 我从来未到过那儿这事实是真的 同位语从句 4 问题是我们下一步该怎么做 表语从句