英语动词分类.ppt

动词的分类 实义动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 一 实义动词 本身意义不完整 需要接宾语才能使其意思完整 Ilikethebook 2 自身意思完整 无需接宾语 Birdscanfly 及物动词 不及物动词 实义动词主要考察词义辨析 1 动词 宾语IlikeEnglishverymuch 2 动词 宾语 宾补WecallthebirdPolly n 1 动词 宾语 名词 n 宾补 choose consider elect make namewechosehimourmonitor 2 动词 宾语 不定式 todo 宾补 adviseallowcauseenableencouragefindforbidforcewishinviteorderpermitpersuaderemindtellwarnexpectwish 3 动词 宾语 省略to的不定式 宾补 一些动词要掌握 have let和make 此三动词是使役 注意 观察 听到 see 还有feel和watch 使用它们要仔细 后接 宾补 略去 to 此点千万要牢记一感feel 二听hear listento 三让have let make 四看see lookat observe watch 4 动词 adj 做补语 colour keep find get leave make paint cutPleasecolouritred Ifinditinteresting 5 动词加现在分词做补语 get leave keep set catch havesb doing see find watch feel hear listento discoversb doing如 他让我等了整整一上午 Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning 6 动词加过去分词 补语 过去分词作宾补时 常见的词有have get makehavesthdone我理发了 Ihavehadmyhaircut 我让别人明白了 Imademyselfheard Imademyselfhearthatsong 3 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 bring hand lend mail offer owe pass post read return send sell show take teach tell throw write sb sth sthtosb book buy choosecook draw fetchfind fix getmake order pickpreparesavesingsparesteal sbsth sthforsb 不及物动词 1 没有被动形式的词happen occur rise lie die 2 主动表示被动的词 动词 well poorly easily sell wash burn cook cut drive dress play last open write start run read operate break measure weigh1 Drywoodburnseasily 2 Theclothwasheswell 既作及物又有不及物动词的词 他跑的快 Herunsfast 他经营一家工厂 Herunsafactory study fly run change 二 动词考察点分项说明 一 掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数 过去式 过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则 1 动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成 2 动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 规则动词的变化 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的 不规则动词的变化 见九年级英语下册不规则动词表 3 动词的现在分词的构成 三 掌握系动词be look feel smell get become turn keep等的基本用法 常见的连系动词有 become turn get grow keep feel look seem smell fall等 它们后面常接形容词 构成系表结构 Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean 请保持教室的干净 Thebreadlooksveryfresh 这些面包看上去很新鲜 状态变化系动词 go come turn grow fall getbecome 四 掌握助动词be do have shall will的基本用法 助动词是 辅助性 动词 一般没有词义 不能单独作谓语 但可用来帮助构成谓语 表示不同的时态 语态 和数的变化 常见的助动词有 1 be am is are was were being been 与现在分词结合 构成各种进行时态 或与过去分词结合构成被动语态 I mlookingformypen 我正在找我的笔 现在进行时 ThesecupsaremadeinChina 这些杯子是中国制造的 被动语态 2 have has had having 与过去分词结合 构成完成时 Theyhaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears 他们互相认识有二十年了 现在完成时 Hehadbuiltachemistrylabforhimselfattheageoften 他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室 过去完成时 3 助动词do does did 后只能跟动词原形 与not及其他动词结合构成否定句 或置于主语之前构成疑问句 HedoesnotspeakEnglish 他不说英语 Whendidhecomeback 他什么时候回来的 4 will would shall should will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后 would是will的过去时 能用于过去将来时 两者后面都接动词原形 Theplanewillarriveintenminutes 飞机十分中后将要到达 Iwassurewewouldwin 我确信用我们会赢 shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义 shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后 should是shall的过去时 只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后 两者后面都接动词原形 Weshallmeetattheschoolgatetomorrow 我们明天将在校门口见 ItoldthemthatIshoulddotheworkalone 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作 五 掌握情态动词can must need may等基本句型结构及主要用法 情态动词在英文中是 辅助性 动词 用来表示说话人的语气或情态 包括请求 命令 允诺 可能 需要 敢于 愿望 义务 能力等 情态动词本身有词义 但词义不完全 不能单独用作谓语 没有人称和数的变化 且后面只跟动词原形 情态动词的种类 一 连系动词类 变化类 become get turn grow make come go fallgobad hungry mad wrongfall fell fallen ill asleep feel felt felt sick sleepy 感观类 look sound feel taste smellHisvoicesounds A wellB beautifullyC excellentD wonderfully C 显得类 seem appear lookItlooksItseemsthat Itappearsthat 状态类 keep stay remain prove turnout1 Theweatherwill hotforanothertwoweeks A lastB remainC getD turn2 Thehotweatherwill anothertwodays A lastB remainC getD turn B A Theweatherturnedout tobe fine Heproved tobe honest anhonestperson 注 be become turn remain可带名词Heremainsateacher Heisstillateacher 1 Hebecame teacher A aB theC anD A 二 使役 感观动词类 let 不用于被动 make havesee lookat watch notice observe hearlistento feel1 Thebossmadethem 12hoursaday A workB toworkC workedD working2 Theyweremade 12hoursaday A workB toworkC workedD working A B 口诀 不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词 速记口诀 一感 二听 三让 四看 半帮助 妙语诠释 一感 feel 二听 hear listento 三让 make let have 四看 see notice watch observe 半帮助 help 三 主动表被动类 well poorly easily sell wash burn cook cut drive dress play last open write start run read operate break measure weigh1 Drywoodburnseasily 2 Theclothwasheswell 3 Themanalwaysdresseswell poorly 4 Yourcompositionreadswellexceptforafewspellingmistakes 5 Haveyougotaticketfortheconcert No thetickets wellandthey outlastweek A sell weresoldB sell soldC sell havebeensoldD aresell sold A 6 Don tgetthatinkonyourwhiteshirt forit A won twashoutB doesn twashawayC isn twashingoutD hasn twashedaway7 Theytriedtogetthecar butitwon t A started startB tostart startC started startedD tostart tostart A A 四 只接动名词做宾语的词 词组 mind risk avoid enjoy miss keep suggest appreciate practice delay finish dislike excuse imagine consider forbid escapeadmit advise allow putoff giveup beworth bebusydevote to lookforwardto beusedto leadto succeedin spend wastetime in haveagood hardtime in havedifficulty trouble in thereisnouse in 1 Shelookedforwardeveryspringto theflower linedgarden A visitB payingavisitC walkinD walkingin2 Iwouldappreciate backthisafternoon A youtocallB youcallC yourcallingD you recalling3 Thedayhehaslookedforwardto atlast A comingB cameC comeD comes D C B 口诀 喜欢 考虑不可免 enjoy consider escape avoid 停止 放弃太冒险 stop giveup risk 反对想象莫推延 mind imagine delay putoff 要求完成是期望 require finish lookforwardto 建议继续勤操练 suggest goon practice 不禁原谅要坚持 can thelp excuse insiston 继续注意使成功 keepon mind succeedin 五 只接不定式作宾语的词 词组 decide expect hope wish order refuse promise pretend agree seem attempt fail offer happen warn affordmakeupone smindto bedeterminedtousedto beaboutto beableto havetowouldlike loveto shouldlike loveto1 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnight A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone A 2 MrSmithwarnedherson afterdrinking A nevertodriveB toneverdriveC neverdrivingD neverdrive3 Shepretended mewhenIpassedby A nottoseeB notseeingC tonotseeD havingnotseen A A 口诀1 三个希望两答应 hope wish want agree promise两个要求莫拒绝 demand ask refuse设法学会做决定 manage learn decide不要假装在选择 pretend choose口诀2 要想干 同意办 愿意不愿意 决定尽量干 a要求 想要 希望 want wish hope expect intend mean b同意 agree promise c意愿 care hate refuse d决定 企图 determine decide offer attempt try manage 六 宾语不同 意义不同 1 goontodo goondoing2 stoptodo stopdoing3 remembertodo rememberdoing4 forgettodo forgetdoing5 meantodo meandoing6 regrettodo regretdoing7 trytodo trydoing8 can thelp to do can thelpdoing can thelpbutdo can tbutdo havetodoIcan thelpbuttellhimthetruth 1 Iusuallygotherebytrain Whynot byboatforachange A totrygoingB tryingtogoC totryandgoD trygoing2 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot A turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff D C 口诀 能接不定式 又能接动名词 但意思不同的动词或词组 forget goon mean remember stop try regret 巧记 即 四 记 力争不后悔 四记指 记得 记住 忘记 计划 打算 继续 力争指try 不后悔指 stopregretting stop与regret 七 接动名词 不定式意义区别不大 begin start continue like love hatepreferItbeganraining Itisbeginningtorain Ipreferstayinghometogoingout Iprefertostayhomeratherthangoout Tiredashewas hecontinuedtowork Thoughhewasverytired hecontinuedworking Helikesplayingfootball buthedoesn tliketoplayfootballtoday 八 宾语不同 但意义相同 need require want deserveTheroomrequirestobecleaned Theroomrequirescleaning 1 Thissentenceneeds A animprovementB improveC improvingD improved C 2 Thebabyneeds A lookedafterB lookingafterC lookafterD tolookafter B 九 接宾语和宾补 形式不同 allow permit forbid advise admitconsiderWeforbidsmokinghere Weforbidanybodytosmokehere Youareforbiddentosmokehere 口诀 advise forbid understand suppose consider allow permit 连接首字母即为afu scap 阿福的帽子 阿福的帽子 代表七动词 宾补不定式 宾语动名词 十 接虚拟语气的词 1 insist2 order command4 advise suggest propose recommend4 demand ask require request1 Heorderedthatwe should leaveatonce 2 Hisorderthatwe should leaveatoncewasright 3 Heinsistedthathisbrother there A goB wentC goingD togo4 Heinsistedthathe nothingwrongand setfree A do beB haddone wasC haddone beD did was5 Hisvoicesuggestedthathe angry A isB beC wasD were6 Hesuggestedthattheboy senttohospitalatonce A wasB beC isD were A C C B 坚持说 坚决认为 接that从句 用陈述语气即是陈述已知或发生过的事 口诀1 一坚持 二命令 三建议 四要求其宾语从句用 should 动词原形 should既可以省略 should也可以保留 一坚持 即insist 二命令 即order command 三建议 即suggest propose advise 四要求 即ask demand require request 口诀2 idropcaps 在某些表示请求 命令 建议等动词后面的宾语从句中 谓语动词要用动词原形或should 动词原形 i insist d demand r request require recommend o order p propose c command a advise p prefer s suggest 十一 瞬间非延续性动词 go come leave start return arrive stop finish borrow lend open close die become break join kill marry graduate buymarry bemarriedseat beseatedhide behiddenengage beengageddie bedeadbegin beonjoin beinborrow keepcome be stayleave beawaybuy have havegot 1 Hediedtenyearsago that stosay hehas fortenyears A beendiedB beendeadC diedD beendying2 WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary foralmostanhour A hadgoneB hadsetoffC hadleftD hadbeenaway B D