高考英语 阅读理解专题 猜测词语意思复习课件.ppt

考点分类导练 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能 因此 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型 这类题包括猜测单词 短语 句子的意思和判断指代内容 要求考生根据语境猜测生词 短语或句子的意思 或者推断熟词生义 题干中常含有mean referto bereplacedby等 如 技巧点拨 解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文 也就是人们常说的语境 来推测其意思 以下是可供参考的几个小技巧 1 根据接近或递进关系 由and或or等可确定生词的义域 推知它的大致意义 2 根据选择或相对关系 对比or 要么 或者 前面和后面的句子或词语 来猜测生词的含义 3 根据同位或解释关系 通过生词后的定语 定语从句或分词短语等 表语 同位语 逗号 括号 破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思 4 根据转折或对比关系 由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义 5 根据因果关系 根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思 既可由因推果 也可由果推因 6 根据列举的实例 根据suchas forexample等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思 7 根据并列同类关系 一般说来 并列的几个事物应属同类事物 由此可推测其中一个的大概意思 考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思 我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思 那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案 注意 经典例题 阅读下列文段 从每题所给的A B C和D项中 选出最佳选项 Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse However beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotbringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace 61 Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thatover consumption referto A Usingtoomuchpackaging B Recyclingtoomanywastes C Makingmoreproductsthannecessary D Havingmorematerialthanisneeded 解析 据上文推测 由上文的wealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed很易选出D 但我们也可根据构词法来猜测 我们学过动词consume 消费 消耗 可知consumption应为其名词形式 前面加上over 超过 的over consumption应为 过度消费 过度消耗 之意 故选D 课堂练习 阅读所选文段 从每题所给的A B C和D项中 选出最佳选项 1 Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess Accordingtothestudy ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung lessthan6monthsforcats ayearfordogs itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly Two thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog 31 TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto A EarlyB sweetlyC QuicklyD smoothly 1 D据上下文推测 本文首句以疑问句Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome 开头 接着就是与此相关的调研结果或回答 由表明研究结果的句子 Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess 和调查结果的句子 Two thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog 可知 两者 相处得好 故选D 2 Whensomethinggoeswrong itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay Well it sso and so sfault or IknowI mlate butit snotmyfault thecarbrokedown Itisprobablynotyourfault butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation youarealoser Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation However youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation Thisisthewinner skeytosuccess 47 TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto A AvoidB acceptC improveD consider 2 C据上文推测 由上文 你没有能力也不可能 改变the bad situation 然而 你可以remedythesituation 根据这种转折的逻辑关系可推出 remedy应是 改善 之意 3 Weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass Youcouldwinprizes ourteachertoldusasshewrotetheposterinformationontheblackboard Westudiedtheboardcritically Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought Wehadplansforthatten dollargrandprize eachandeveryoneofus 3 A据近义推测 上下句是Some Other 句式 whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought 可见conjuredup是deepinthought的近意表达 意为 思考 构想 故选A 47 Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans A formedanideaforB madeanoutlineforC madesomespaceforD chosesomecolorsfor 3 A据近义推测 上下句是Some Other 句式 whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought 可见conjuredup是deepinthought的近意表达 意为 思考 构想 故选A 4 Parentsandkidstodaydressalike listentothesamemusic andarefriends Sometimes whenMr Ballmerandhis16 year olddaughter Elizabeth listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy suchaspopculture heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom Hey thenewWeezeralbum 威瑟乐团的专辑 isreallygreat Howdoyoulikeit saysBallmer Therewasjustacompletegapintaste Musicwasnottheonlygulf Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits 41 Theunderlinedword gulf inPara 3mostprobablymeans A InterestB distanceC DifferenceD separation Today thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies 4 C据近义或反义推测 因 Musicwasnottheonlygulf 与上段末句是递进关系 可见gulf与gap是近义关系 这里是回忆过去与现在 文章首段 的对比 可见这里的gulf与文章首段首句中的alike和same是反义关系 因此 gulf的意思是 差异 difference 5 Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay 有发言权 Myparentswereonthe before sideofthatchange buttoday sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side explainsMr Ballmer 44 Bysaying today sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side theauthormeansthattoday sparents A followthetrendofthechangeB cansetalimittothechangeC failtotakethechangeseriouslyD havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange 5 A据上文推断 结合上一段可知 today sparents就是60年代后的父母 他们与孩子有更多的交流 更加民主 他们应当是 顺应这种变化趋势 的 故选A 课外作业 1 Wehavetwodaughters KristenissevenyearsoldandKellyisfour LastSundayevening weinvitedsomepeoplehomefordinner Theguestsarrived Iintroducedmytwodaughterstoeachofthem Theadultswereniceandkindandsaidhowluckyweweretohavesuchgoodkids EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig todo overtheyoungeronebecauseshe stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt Wedoitwiththebestofintentions Butweseldomthinkofhowitmightaffecttheotherchild 56 Theunderlinedexpression makeabig todo over paragraph4 means A showmuchconcernaboutB haveaspecialeffectonC listjobstobedoneforD dogoodthingsfor 1 A据因果关系或近义推测 本句 因为她是似乎更易受到伤害的那一个 所以我们成年人就对年幼的那个格外关注 可见答案为A 另外 由上句中与之近义的madeaparticularfussoverKelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile也可推出 2 Beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise Leadershipmeanspower commandsrespectand mostimportant encouragesachievement UnlikevitaminC leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown Theymustbecarefullycultivated Differentfrompopularbelief mostgoodleadersaremade notborn Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives Butwhichdotheydevelop Howdothey andhowcanyou getotherstofollow 60 Theunderlinedword cultivated paragraph1 roughlymeans A encouragedB comparedC examinedD developed 2 D据对比关系和下文解释 由前句 领导艺术不像 unlike 维生素C一样一口吞下 可知 领导艺术必须是慢慢培养的 下段的解释就更为清楚 aremade learn intheireverydaylife 特别是Butwhichdotheydevelop 中的develop 非常明显地告诉我们答案是D 3 Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples 涟漪 butiftheykeeponblowing thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves Taylorsaid Wavesareoneofnature swaysofpickingupenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney 65 Theunderlinedphrase pickingup paragraph2 isclosestinmeaningto A startingagainB speedingupC gatheringD improving 3 C据前提条件与结果推测 首先要 聚集 gather 能量 然后才能将其发送出去 sendingitoff 也可用代入检验法排除法 用其他选项代入原句 也后面的sendingitoff在逻辑上也都讲不通 此外 还可从前句中的getbiggerandbigger得到提示 4 Iftheworldwereavillageof1 000people One thirdofthepeopleinthevillagearechildren andonly60areovertheageof65 Justunderhalfofthemarriedwomeninthevillagehaveaccesstomodernequipment Aboutone thirdhaveaccesstoclean safedrinkingwater Ofthe670adultsinthevillage halfcannotreadnorwrite 62 Theunderlinedpart haveaccessto inPara 4 means A useB buyC produceD try 4 A代入检验排除法 用 生产 和 试验 代入句中 根据常识即可排除选项C和D 由下文 Ofthe670adultsinthevillage halfcannotreadnorwrite 可知 还有半数成年人非常贫穷 用 不起现代设备 5 Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective 65 Theunderlinedpart thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff meansthatthecolours A attractedthecustomersstronglyB hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD causedthecustomerstoloseinterest 5 D据因果关系推测 由 becausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective 因为这些颜色使这种药看起来没有效果 可知 这些颜色会使顾客对这样的药失去兴趣