主谓一致和倒装句.doc

主谓一致和倒装句 主谓一致一 就近原则：在 not onlybut also, notbut , neithernor , eitheror , there be 句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。例： 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project. 2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager. 二 集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数；指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。例： 1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment . 2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .三 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例： 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week. 2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)四 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。例： 1.Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class. 2.Someone is expecting you at the school gate .但 none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。例： None of them are / is interested in local music.另外：当 every, each, no 做定语时，即使用and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数。例： 1.Each student is preparing for the final examination now. 2.Every boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment. 3.No teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place . 4.They each have an English dictionary .(此句中each 做同位语，谓语由主语they确定) 五.当主语表示时间，重量，距离，价格时，谓语动词用单数。例： 1.Five hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航)。 2.Seven kilometers was covered in two hours .但算式做主语时，谓语用单数，复数都可以。例： 1.Four times five is / are twenty. ( Four times five make /makes twenty .)六 当主语是一个从句，不定式或动名词时，谓语一般用单数。但由 and 连接两个不定式或动名词时，动词则用复数，表示不同的两件事。例： 1.whether he succeeds or fails doesnt concern me . (他成功或失败与我无关) 2.Swimming in the Yangtze River needs great courage. 3.To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 4.To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use for character-training.另外：当 what, all (that) 或such 引导的句子做主语时，谓语用单数或复数应看后面的表语来确定.例： 1.What he wants is some advice on how to learn English, while what he looks forward to are some English dictionaries. 2.All that they ask for are vegetables, fruits , quilts and clothes . 3.Such are the things I often do in a day. 4.Such is my best friend Mary.七.当一个复数名词用做书名，人名，学科名或报刊名时，谓语用单数。例： 1.Guilivers Travels is a novel written by Jonathan Swift .（ 格列佛游记 ） 2.The Times is a very helpful newspaper for our studies . （泰晤士报）八.定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时，从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。例： 1.She is the only one of the students who has passed the examination. 2.They told us something about the houses which were built in the 1540s / 1540s.九.在强调句中，强调主语时，后面的动词还是由被强调的主语来确定。例： 1.I am in the search for my missing gold ring .其强调句为： It is I who am in the search for my missing gold ring .十.几种较为特殊的主语与谓语的一致。A. 当and 与 bothand 连接两个主语时，一般用复数的谓语。但如果由and并列的两个主语是指同一人时，此时后面一个主语没有冠词，其谓语用单数，表示一 个人具有双重身份。若后一个名词前有冠词，则表示两个人，谓语则用复数。例： 1.The teacher and writer is giving the boys a very wonderful lecture . 2.The teacher and the singer are talking in the hall.B. the +形容词 / 分词 做主语表一类人时，谓语一般用复数；但 the rest 要看它代表的东西来确定。例： 1.The wounded are being done first aid beside the road now . 2.She has taken some of the vegetables. The rest are still on the table . 3.He has eaten up some of the cheese . The rest has gone bad . 4.The rest of the story was wonderfully moving and I was moved to tears C many 修饰主语时，谓语用复数。但 many a , more than one +单数名词（意为不只一个），虽说具有复数意义，但谓语仍用单数。例： 1.Many students have made that mistake before . 2.Many a student has made that mistake before . 3.More than one student has made that mistake before .D. 当trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes, socks, gloves等由两个部分构成的物品做主语时， 谓语一般用复数。但若与 a pair of, a kind of 等连用时，谓语用单数。例： 1.His trousers are torn into pieces in the bike accident . 2.This pair of trousers belongs to my sister . Mine are being washed .* 由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数* the number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。a number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。* More 复数名词 than one 和 more than one 单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。又如：More students than one were punished.More than one student was punished* all, most, half, rest等词作主语时，所指的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数形式。如：All of us are eager to leave now.Half of the water has been drunk.* the+ 形容词表示一类人，如the blind, the deaf, the living(生者)，the dead, the rich, the poor, the young, the old等，谓语动词用复数主谓一致专练 1-_ either he or I proud of the job ? -Neither he nor you _.A. Am, are B. Is, are C. Are, are D. Am, is2. A knife and fork _ lying on the floor .A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees 3.The factory, including its equipments and buildings ,_burnt last night .A. is B. are C. was D. were4 .I, who _ your close friend, will share your joys and sorrows ( 悲伤).A. was B. are C. is D. am5. Over 70 percent of the population in this province _ farmers .A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. Some person _asking for you at the entrance to the cinema .A. will be B. is being C. is D. are 7.The rest of the novel _ very wonderful and instructive .A. were B. are C. is D. seem8.Every means _ tried, but there is no absolute result yet.A. have been B. has been C. will be D. were 9.What I want _ an interesting book while what he expects _ two cups of coffee .A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are10.A teacher, together with four students, _ sent to help with this research the next week .A. was B. has C. were D. are11.He lost one of the books which _borrowed from the library yesterday.A. were B. was C. had D. have12.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, _a party at home now.A. are having B. is have C. is holding D. are holding13.The 26th Olympic Games _ held successfully .A. is B. will be C. are D. were14.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were15.On each side of the road _ a lot of tall trees .A. stands B. is standing C. grow D. is growing16.Three hours with your old friends_ to be a short time .A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed17.When and where to build the new first aid center _ yet.A. hasnt been decided B. doesnt decidedC. havent been decided D. arent decided18.The United Nations _ in 1959 .A. were found B. were founded C. was found D. was founded 19.Each teacher and each scientist _ invited to take part in the conference.A. are B. was C. has D. were 20.One and a half apples _ left on the table . A. are B. is C. has D. have十二。倒装句种类倒装条件例句完全倒装here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.部分倒装never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首Hardly did I know what had happened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realized the importance of English.not onlybut also连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.neithernor连接并列的句子，前后都倒装Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.sothat, suchthat中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.as引导的让步状语Child as he is, he has learned a lot.so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。He can play the piano. So can i.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health!省略if的虚拟条件Were I you, I would not do it in this way.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV,but . A. a little did he hear B. little did he hearC. little heard he D. a little heard he2. Hello,Zhu Hua. Ill have to return to Canada because Ive worked here for a year. !A. What tim?flies B. How time fliesC. What does time fly D. How does time fly3. During the war, but also he lost his wife and his child. A. not was his job in the lab taken away B. not only was his job in the lab taken awayC. not merely his job in the lab was taken awayD. not just was taken away his job in the lab4. We have to stop talking here outside. Listen,! Hurry up, or well be late. A. There goes the bell B. There does the bell goC. There the bell goes D. Goes the bell there5. I think this is the first time that we have met. anywhere. A. Before have we never seen each other B. Never before we have seen each otherC. Each other have we seen never before D. Never before have we seen each other6. ! You should take this chance to attend it. A. How important conference is it B. How an important conference it isC. What an important conference is it D. What an important conference it is7. She didnt come to the party last Sunday. ,she must have made the party more exciting. A. If she came B. Would she comeC. Had she come D. Did she come8. They finally managed to climb to the top,but then. A. went the children down the hill B. down the hill did the children goC. down the hill went the childrenD. down the hill the children went9. I received his mothers telephone call at eleven. that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday. A. Then did I know B. Only then I knewC. Only then did I know D. Only then knew I10. What sport do you like best? Springboard diving(跳板跳水). to dive into water from high board!A. What a fun is it B. How fun it isC. How a fun is it D. What fun it is11. The old man wouldnt stay at home for a rest even if it rained. . He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day. A. So would my grandpa B. So wouldnt my grandpaC. Neither would my grandpa D. Nor wouldnt my grandpa12. for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!A. What exciting is it B. How exciting is itC. What exciting it is D. How exciting it is13. By no means to our plan for the trip. A. will she agree B. she will agreeC. agrees she D. will agree she14. The child tiptoed(翘起脚尖走) quietly to the bird. into the forest when he was about to catch it. A. Flew it away B. Away flew itC. Away it flew D. Flew away it15. Little Tom is an orphan. ,he has to make a living by himself. A. A child as he is B. Child as he isC. Child as is he D. A child though he is 16. he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!A. What a good advice B. How a good adviceC. What good advice D. How good advice17. Hardly had she walked out of the woods she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree. A. than B. until C. since D. when18. that we couldnt catch up with him. A. So fast he ran B. So fast did he runC. So fast ran he D. Such fast did he run19. We have been on duty for four hours and . A. now comes your turn B. now does your turn comeC. now your turn comes D. comes now your turn20. We havent seen each other for many months. !A. What I missed you B. What did I miss youC. How I missed you D. How did I miss you 21. can you find out how many chickens there are!A. Counting them B. By counting themC. Only by counting them D. Only have you counted them22. Between the two mountsand they decide to build a ropeway(索道). A. lies a very deep valley B. does a very deep valley lie C. a very deep valley lies D. a very deep valley lays23. They went into a small house but . A. no persons did they findB. not a person found theyC. not a person did they findD. not a person they found24. My mother does a lot of housework before going to work,but she has never been late. . A. So does my mother B. Neither does my motherC. Nor has my mother D. So it is with my mother25. Everyone has arrived at eight and . A. then does the meeting beginB. then begins the meetingC. begins the meeting thenD. does the meeting begin then26. it is for us to see that he does his work so well!A. What surprise B. How surpriseC. What a surprise D. How a surprise27. Look over there. !A. Around the corner is walking a policemanB. Around the corner is a policeman walkingC. Around the corner a policeman is walking D. Is around the corner walking a policeman28. ,we could forgive him for his mistakes!A. Were he still a child B. If he is still a childC. Is he still a child D. He were still a child29. Henry often helps look after Granny Wang,but. A. seldom is George B. seldom George does C. seldom does George D. seldom looks George after Granny Wang30. The water changes into thick ice covering rivers and lakes in winter in Harbin. in Urumqi and children go skating on it then. A. So is it B. So it doesC. So it is D. So does it31. I remember that an old church on the top of the hill many years ago. A. used to be there B. there used to be C. there used to have D. there had32. Could you write me a letter ?A. when will you get home B. when do you get home C. when you will get home D. when you get home33. Mother told Rose to buy some sugar in the supermarket and . A. she did so B. so she didC. so did she D. she did such34. shortly after it stopped raining. A. There appeared a colorful rainbow in the skyB. In the sky did a colorful rainbow appearC. There a colorful rainbow appeared in the skyD. There in the sky a colorful rainbow appeared35. After the patients went into the office,working. A. only a doctor did they see B. only a doctor saw theyC. only a doctor they saw D. only a doctor had they seen36. We have looked for the lost sheep almost everywhere,but nowhere . A. we can find it B. can we find itC. can find we it D. we can it find37. Only since they gave up that good chance to show their invention again. A. have they had no chanceB. they have had no chance C. they have no chance D. have they no chance38. You can see a large signal on the wall： !A. Long lives the PRC B. Long live the PRC C. Long does the PRC live D. Long do the PRC live39. ,she may not catch up with her sister Lisa. A. Hard though she worksB. Hard although she worksC. Hard works she D. Hard even if she works40. these ancient buildings in this city are!A. What perfectly protectedB. How perfect protectedC. How perfectly protectedD. What perfect protected41. Nothing but two ancient Chinese coins after they took out the jar. A. did they find in it B. they found in itC. in it did they find D. in it found they42. He is strict in everything and strict with everyone. . A. My father is always suchB. My father is always so a strict manC. Such is my father D. So a strict man is my father43. If you dont go to his birthday party next Friday,. A. so do I B. so will I C. nor do I D. nor will I44. Since everyone has come back here,. A. on goes our discussion B. goes on our discussionC. on does our discussion go D. does on our discussion go45. when we passed by its nest. A. Up into the blue sky did the bird fly B. Up into the blue sky the bird flewC. Up into the blue sky flew the birdD. Flew up into the blue sky the bird主谓一致答案：（参考答案：BACDB CCBAA ACDDC BADBA/B ）倒装句及感叹句专练45题参考答案及简析1. B。具有否定意义的副词如：little,seldom,never,hardly,scarcely,rarely等位于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。2. B。how time flieshow fast time flies“时间过得真快”。因为被感叹的部分是副词fast，因此感叹词用how，感叹句需用陈述语序。3. B。not only. . . but also连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，该分句主谓部分倒装。4. A。在以here,there,up,down,in,on,out,away,off等副词开头的句子里，主语是名词时，句子主谓全部倒装，以示强调。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。5. D。否定副词never before提前到句首时，句子用部分倒装。6. D。由于被感叹的部分是可数名词单数conference，所以感叹词用what，感叹句需用陈述语序。7. C。Had she comeIf she had come。if引导虚拟语气条件状语从句，在口语中或非正式场合可以把if省略掉而改用部分倒装。8. C。介词短语位于句首，且谓语为不及物动词的句子，句子的主谓全部倒装。9. C。only修饰句子的状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）位于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。10. D。句子中fun是不可数名词，感叹词需要用what。11. C。Neither would my grandpaMy grandpa wouldnt stay at home for a rest,either. 否定副词neither,nor提前到句首，句子用部分倒装。12. D。形容词exciting前用感叹词how,感叹句用陈述语序。13. A。表示否定意义的介词短语在句中作状语置于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。这样的介词短语有：by no means,at no time,in no way,not in the least等。14. C。参见注4。15. B。Child as he isAlthough he is a child。as引导让步状语从句时，通常要把作表语的形容词或名词、作状语的副词或动词原形提前到句首，同时注意，作表语的单数名词前无形容词时要把不定冠词去掉。16. C。名词advice用感叹词what,advice是一个不可数名词。17. D。hardly. . . when. . . 表示“一就”。注意，主句主谓要用部分倒装。18. B。在so. . . that的句型中“so形容词或副词”提前到句首时，主句主谓部分倒装。19.C。时间副词nowthen置于句首，其谓语又是come,go,begin等，这时应该用全部倒装语序。20. C。how修饰句子的谓语动词，句子表示“我是多么想念你啊！”21. C。参见注9。22. A。参见注8。23. C。“not a (an)可数名词的单数形式”提前到句首时，句子要用部分倒装。24. D。如果前面提及不止一件事情，说明另一个人也是如此要用so it iswas with sb. 。25. B。参见注19。26. C。surprise是一个抽象名词，通常作不可数名词，但这里说明某次具体情况，surprise可以用作可数名词，前面加不定冠词a (surprise没有复数形式）。类似词有shame,pity等。27. A。参见注8。28. A。Were he still a childIf he were still a child。29. C。参见注1。30. D。so does itthe water also changes into thick ice covering the rivers and lakes in winter in Urumqi. 说明乌鲁木齐的天气也是如此。31. B。there used to be构成倒装句式，表示过去曾出现过的情况。32. D。when you get home时间状语从句用陈述语序，一般现在时表示将来。33. A。so替代前面提到的要求所作的事情，此时不用倒装。34. A。there后面可以跟不及物动词appearlivestandlie等，说明某处出现存在某现象或某事物，此时句子主语必须是名词。35. C。only修饰句子的宾语位于句首时，句子不倒装。36. B。具有否定意义的副词nowhere提前到句首时，句子用部分倒装。37. A。句子中only修饰since引导的时间状语从句置于句首，主句用部分倒装形式。38. B。口语中一些祝福语可以用倒装语序。“Long live(动词原形)主语”表示“祝某人或某事物万岁”。39. A。though引导让步状语从句时，有时把句子的表语或状语提前到句首。40. C。句子中perfectly protected相当于形容词作表语，因此感叹词用how。41. B。表示否定意义的不定代词nothing在句中用作宾语置于句首，句子不需要用倒装语序。42. C。当such作句子的表语，位于句首代替上文情况时，句子通常用倒装语序。43. D。nor will II will not go to his birthday party next Friday, either. if 引导说明将来情况的条件状语从句，主句的时态应该是将来时态。44. A。参见注4。45. C。表示方位的副词及介词短语置于句首，名词作句子的主语时，句子的主谓用全部倒装。