一般现在时的用法.doc

结构形成现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v（动词）+ing现在分词形式）第一人称单数I+am+动词的ing形式.第一人称复数We+are+动词的ing形式.第二人称单(复)数 You+are+动词的ing形式第三人称单数 He（She，it）+is+动词的ing形式第三人称复数 They+are+动词ing肯定句:主语+be（am/is/are）+现在分词（动词ing形式）否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词（动词ing形式）一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词（动词ing形式）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+其他?间接引语中改为过去进行时。变化规则1.一般情况下直接在动词后面+ ing(例：sleep+ing 变sleeping)2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再+ing(例：bite-e+ing 变biting)3.以重读闭音节结尾的词，要双写尾字母再加ing（例：swim+m+ing=swimming sit+t+ing=sitting)4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节，变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying）5.结尾为c且c读作/k/时，在结尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking现在进行时的基本用法A表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情在进行。We are waiting for you.B. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，说话时未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态.)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已经确定或安排好的但不确定会不会发生的将来活动。Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（我下周要去尼泊尔旅行)Were flying to Paris tomorrow.(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎）句型构成现在进行时助动词be 动词的现在分词（ing形式）。be的变化在现在时中，be 要根据人称代词和名词的单复数不同，而分别使用am/is/are，即：I /he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are.现在进行时注意：be 动词在现在时里算作“助动词”，翻译正在进行时的时候，be不能解释为“是”，否则不通顺。它只是和现在分词一起构成“进行时”。动词加ing的规则现在分词是在动词后加上ing 构成。如:starting,working, coming, sitting 等都是现在分词。现在分词的变化规则是固定的，大家用心记一下就可以了。(1)直接在谓语动词后加ing. 例如：going, starting, working,looking.(2)去掉词尾不发音的e，再加ing. 例如 leaving,making,coming,writing.注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing .(3) 对于重读闭音节词，双写末尾字母再加ing. 例如：sitting, beginning,getting,putting.running另外，有少数动词比较特殊，请用心记住：例如：lie - lying/die - dying/tie - tying/picnic - picnicking.这一条规律，必须要弄清什么是“重读闭音节”。下面再举一些双写的例子：run running stop stopping cut cutting control controlling put - putting时间状语可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语，常用的有：now, this week, at this moment，right now ,these days等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。Listen! She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。Its 6:30 now. I am getting up. 现在是6：30.我正在起床。句型分析1.一般疑问句是将be移到主语前面，句末加问号，读升调。be+主语+doing sth Are they putting up the scaffolding? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. Is he showing a foreign guest round the city? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.2.否定句式是在be动词后加not.主语+be+not+doing sth I am not working. He isnt runnig or the track. The students arent playing football.被动语态现在进行时，现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时应注意以下一些问题：now_(Look!Listen!)be+v-ing1.也像其它时态由主动语态变被动语态一样，首先弄清楚用现在进行时的句子中哪些可以由主动语态变为被动语态。我们知道，在简单句的五个基本句型中，有三个基本句型(S V O，S V o O，S V O C)可以由主动语态变为被动语态；有两个基本句型(S V，S V P)不能由主动语态变为被动语态。所以，当这三个基本句型(S V O，S V InO DO，S V O OC)的谓语动词用了现在进行时时才有可能由主动语态变为被动语态。例如：They are studying the milu deer at the research centre.(S V O)The milu deer are being studied at the research centre.She is teaching the boy a lesson.(S V InO DO)The boy is being taught a lesson.Now he is making the girl laugh.(S V O OC)Now the girl is being made to laugh.还应注意到一些动词很少用于被动语态，因此这些动词在句子谓语用了现在进行时时也常没有被动语态。如：We are having supper now.一般不能变为Supper is being had now.。2.及物动词现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时有三种句式：主语(第一人称单数I) am being 过去分词 其他成分；主语(第二人称单、复数you，第一人称复数we和第三人称复数they等) are being 过去分词 其他成分；主语(第三人称单数 he，she，it等) is being 过去分词 其他成分。所以，当句子谓语动词用了现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时谓语动词要由原来作宾语变为主语时的名(代)词的数来决定，从上面三种句式中选择合适的一种句式。例如：They are collecting money for the broadband project. Money is being collected for the broad-band project. They are not protecting some animals well enough. Some animals are not being protected well enough.3.当变为主语的原来的宾语(名/代词)有较长的动词不定式短语(复合结构)、介词短语、从句修饰或有补足语时，动词不定式短语、介词短语、从句和补足语等，一般都仍然保留在原来的位置上。例如：They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children. The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children. They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school. A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school. Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre. A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre(by scientists).4.如果用在现在进行时的句子中的谓语动词是动词短语或习惯用语，那么这个动词短语或习语只把动词变为被动语态，其他部分保持不变。例如：The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby.Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of(by the parents).5.当用了现在进行时的句子结构是S V In O DO句型时，既可以把间接宾语变为被动句的主语，也可以把直接宾语变为被动句的主语，但如果是后者，可根据动词的习惯用法，把间接宾语改写为to或for引起的介词短语。例如：George is sending his friends phone texts and pictures. His friends phone is being sent texts and pictures(by George). Texts and pictures are being sent to his friends phone(by George). She is making Toma new coat. Tom is being made a new coat. A new coat is being made for Tom.6.用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后，原来充当主语的名/代词(特别是人称代词)在一般情况下可以省略掉，如果有必要强调时可用by表示，常放在句子后面。例如：They are adding new functions to the phones. New functions are being added to the phones(by them). Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present. The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists.7.当用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后，其否定式的构成主要把not放在谓语动词中第一个助动词(am ，are或is)后面构成，而疑问式的构成则是把句子谓语动词的第一个助动词(am，are或is)移到句子前(第一个字母要大写)，然后在句子后面加上问号而成。例如： New nature parks are being started in China. New nature parks are not being started in China.(否定式) Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain. Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain?(疑问式)如果是特殊疑问句还要在这个助词前面加上适当疑问词。例如：Why is money being collected?