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Unit 4 Body language一、课前基础自查 (一)分类记单词省时高效.阅读单词(知其意)1.flight n飞行；航班2.cheek n. 面颊3.facial adj. 面部的4.posture n. 姿势；体态5.crossroads n. 十字路口6.frown vi. 皱眉；蹙额7.fist n. 拳头8.yawn vi. 打呵欠9.respectful adj. 恭敬的10.subjective adj. 主观的11.employee n. 雇员12.misread vt. 读错；误解.重点单词(写其形)1.dormitory n宿舍 2.major adj. 主要的3.approach vt.& vi. 接近；走近；靠近n. 接近；方法；途径4.likely adj. 可能的5.hug vi.& vt. 拥抱6.function n. 作用；功能；职能vi. 起作用；运转7.represent vt. 代表；象征8.canteen n. 食堂9.ease n. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)10.adult n. 成人；成年人adj. 成人的；成熟的11.rank n. 等级；军衔12.dash vi. 猛冲；突进 .拓展单词(通其变)1.statement n陈述；说明；声明state v陈述；说明；声明2.greet vi.& vt.迎接；问候greeting n问候；招呼3.association n社团；联系；联想associate vt.联想；联系4.curious adj.好奇的curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n好奇；好奇心5.defend vt.保护；保卫defence n防御；保卫6.misunderstand vt.误解；误会misunderstanding n误解；误会7.spoken adj.口语的unspoken adj.(反义词)未说出口的；非口语的8.anger n怒气； 怒火angry adj.生气的9.truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地true adj.真实的truth n真实；真理语境活用1.The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)2.To tell you the truth,_Im truly grateful for your helping me make my dream e true.(true)3.In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)4.Entering a supermarket, I was warmly greeted by the greengrocer.His cheery greetings made me feel at home.(greet)5.I wouldnt want to be associated with the illegal association.(associate)6.He stated the other day that the statement was not made by him.(state)(二)练中记短语记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.be_curious_about对感到好奇2.defend_.against 保卫以免受；防御3.on_the_contrary 相反地4.be_likely_to 很可能；有希望5.in_general 总的来说；通常6.get_close_to 接近；靠近7.as_if 好像8.at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在9.turn_ones_back_to 背对10.lose_face 丢脸1.Alice didnt give up her dream.On_the_contrary,_she overcame the difficulty and realized it.2.Mr.Liu was so angry that he turned_his_back_to his son, without saying anything.3.Tom didnt answer the question and felt that he lost_face before his classmates.4.To make her family members feel at_ease,_Mrs Green lied that she was travelling together with her friends.5.Mountainclimbing is great fun.Youll get_close_to nature and take exercise at the same time.6.Peter can be really difficult to deal with at times even though hes a nice person in_general.(三)仿写明句式以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。the序数词n.to do sth.(2016全国卷)1931年，Addams 成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to_win_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize.2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they fortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。not all“并非所有的都”，表示部分否定。并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。Not_all_are_willing_to_do_such_work,_for it is quite hard for some of them.3.However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. 不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。如果你努力学习，你有可能考入理想的大学。If you study hard, you are_likely_to_be_admitted_to your ideal university.二、课堂重点深化1represent vt.代表；象征；描绘自主体验单句语法填空Last but not least, I feel it great honour to represent my class to_take (take) part in the speech contest.She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.系统归纳(1)represent .as/to be .把描绘成represent sb.on behalf of sb. 代表某人(2)representative n. 代表adj. 典型的；有代表性的重点强化佳句时时写(一句多译)(2017浙江高考写作)我非常高兴代表班级邀请你参加我们的郊游活动。I am pleased to represent_my_class and invite you to join us in the outing.On_behalf_of_my_class,_I am pleased to invite you to join us in the outing.2curious adj.好奇的自主体验单句语法填空People gathered round, curious to_know (know) what was happening.She opened her eyes and looked up at me with curiosity (curious) and hopefulness.系统归纳(1)be curious about对感到好奇be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心with curiosity 好奇地from/out of curiosity 出于好奇(3)curiously adv. 好奇地重点强化选词填空(curious/curiously)“How old am I at all？” the woman asked curiously. In fact, all the people in the bus were curious.佳句时时写(2015全国卷书面表达)美国的高中生生活是一个不错的选择，因为中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。The life of American high school students is a good choice because Chinese students are_curious_about the school life of American students.3approach vt.& vi.走近；接近；靠近n.接近；方法；途径；道路自主体验单句语法填空Approaching (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.All the approaches (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.The job market has changed and our approaches to finding (find) work must change as well.系统归纳(1)an approach to .的方法/通道(to为介词)(2)approach sth. 靠近/接近 .be approaching 快到了重点强化佳句时时写As the college entrance examination is drawing near, some students are getting more and more nervous.(升级加蓝词；with 复合结构)With_the_college_entrance_examination_approaching/around_the_corner,_some students are getting more and more nervous.联想发散表示“来临”的表达有：be approachingbe drawing nearbe around the corner4defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护自主体验单句语法填空When the dog attacked me, I defended myself (I) with a stick.The monument is in memory of the soldiers who lost their lives in defence (defend) of their country.系统归纳(1)defend .from/against保护以免受；防御defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫(2)defence n. 防御；保卫in defence of 保卫；为辩护重点强化佳句时时写母亲总会竭尽全力保护孩子免受伤害，这是母亲的天性。It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend_her_child_from harm and danger.僻义牢牢记He has employed one of the UKs top lawyers to defend him.辩护5major adj.主要的；重要的n.专业vi.主修自主体验单句语法填空As a graduate majoring (major) in English, I feel excited to write this letter for the position.In that pany I once worked, women workers are in the majority.系统归纳(1)major in主修(2)majority n. 大多数；大部分in the/a majority 占大多数a/the majority of 大多数重点强化易错对对碰Among trade union leaders, the majority is/are (be) against the proposal put forward at the meeting.Among trade union leaders, the majority of them are (be) against the proposal put forward at the meeting.佳句时时写Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, most of them are over the age of fifty.(升级加蓝词汇)Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the_majority_of them are over the age of fifty.1in general总的来说；通常系统归纳(1)as a general rule一般而言；通常generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言(2)on the wholeto sum up 总的来说as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说in a word 总之in short/brief 简而言之；总之重点强化易错对对碰(in general/in a word)In_general,_the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.In_a_word,_success is important, and so is failure, because its the mother of success.佳句时时写(一句多译)总体来说，酒后开车的人的数量越来越少。Generally_speaking,_the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.In_general,_the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.2at ease舒适；快活；自由自在自主体验单句语法填空At first, he didnt feel at ease in the strange surroundings.We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.系统归纳(1)feel at ease感到心情放松put sb.at ease 使某人放松(2)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地(3)ease ones mind 使某人安心ease sb.of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)名师指津at ease既可作表语，又可作状语；with ease只能作状语。重点强化易错对对碰(with ease/at ease)His mind was at_ease knowing that the children were safe.I heard from her that she passed the test with_ease,_which made us all surprised.佳句时时写当你感到紧张时，你最好听一些轻音乐使自己放松一下。When you feel nervous, youd better listen to some light music to put_yourself_at_ease.3the first/last (one/person) to do sth.“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”教材原句The_first_person_to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.自主体验If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to_contact (contact) you failed.She has only a little room to live in.The ability to_express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.归纳点拨(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。(4)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。佳句背诵(增分要点句)If you find you arent enjoying your course, the first thing to do is ask yourself why.(增分要点句)He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy forts.4be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”教材原句However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch them.自主体验That means the price is likely to_go (go) down because of the petition.I have learned that Mr.Brown disagrees with you.Your suggestion is unlikely (likely) to be accepted under present condition.If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.If you grow up in a large family, it_is_more_likely_that you develop the ability to get on well with others.归纳点拨用法规则(1)sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/某物有可能做某事it is likely that . 很可能(2)unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的be unlikely to . 不可能注意事项likely用于“it is likely that .”和“sb./sth.be likely to do sth.”句型中，但不用于“it is likely for sb./sth.to do sth.”句型中。佳句背诵(增分要点句)(2018全国卷书面表达)It is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you dont know Chinese table manners.(增分要点句)Evidence has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“跨文化沟通”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)非语言类交流温故浅易词汇smilecrynodlaughvary touch approach bowculture treat识记生疏词汇embarrassment n窘迫involve vt.涉及；参加contact n接触 distance n距离universal adj.普遍的 gesture n手势effective adj.有效的 misunderstanding n误解emotion n情感 convey vt.表达子话题(二)语言文化交流温故浅易词汇excuseintroduceinvitethankwele wish apologize greetforgive pardon municate express识记生疏词汇reject v拒绝 appreciation n欣赏；感激remend v推荐 remendation n推荐acknowledge v承认 appreciate v欣赏；感激claim vt.声称；断言 force vt.强迫decline v谢绝；减弱 mand n& v命令常用词块忆一忆kiss sb.on the cheek亲吻某人的面颊introduce oneself 自我介绍shake hands with sb. 与某人握手stand close to sb. 站的离某人近express feelings and emotions 表达思想和情感facial expressions 面部表情municative skills 交际技能be aware of 知道have a better understanding of body language 对身势语有更好的理解pat sb.on the head 拍某人的头写作佳句背一背Eye contact is also very meaning, but it can also mean different things in different countries.To municate successfully, you must also learn the nonverbal language, or “body language” of that culture.This means of munication is so important that we may actually say more with our movements than with words.二、“分步写作”表达准一点话题应用文分步写作假定你是光明中学学生会主席李华，上周你校邀请Smith教授来校做了一场各国身势语的专题讲座。请你代表学校全体师生，用英语给他写一封感谢信。内容包括：1表达感谢；2通过讲座，师生了解了常用的肢体语言及其含义。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文属于提纲式作文，要求写一封感谢信，话题具有一定的开放性，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。文章可分三个层次：开头点明写信目的，介绍自己并真诚地表达对Smith教授的感谢；主体部分应对通过讲座师生了解了常用的肢体语言及其含义进行构思，如身势语与情感的关系；结尾应再次表达感谢，紧扣写信的目的，与首段相呼应。要点1：我是李华，我写信表达对您真诚的感谢。(convey)My_name_is_Li_Hua._Im_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to_you.要点2：通过您的讲座，我们了解到身势语是表达情感的最有效的方法之一。Through_your_lecture,_we_have_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings.要点3：再次感谢您精彩的演讲。Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使文章在内容上和形式上更丰满，我们在增加细节的同时，要学会使用较高级的语法结构和高频词汇给文章增加亮点。如：要点1可以增加v.ing作状语“代表我们学校”和现在分词短语作后置定语“上周你给我们的有关身势语的专题讲座”；要点2可以增加时间状语从句；要点2还可以补充个人观点，再次强调专题讲座上所学知识非常有益。拓展要点1：我是李华。代表我们学校，我写信表达对您上周给我们做的有关身势语的专题讲座的真诚感谢。(v.ing作状语，现在分词短语作后置定语)My_name_is_Li_Hua.Representing_our_school,_Im_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to_you_for_the_lecture_concerning_body_language_you_gave_us_last_week. 拓展要点2：通过您的讲座，我们了解到当涉及交际时，身势语是表达情感的最有效的方法之一。(when时间状语从句)Through_your_lecture,_we_have_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings_when_it_es_to_munication.补充要点2：我的确相信当我们与来自其他国家的人交流时这些知识非常有益。I_do_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_beneficial_when_we_municate_with_people_from_other_countries.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡结合写作要点，文章可分为三段来写。根据语篇表达中的逻辑关系，将所有要点顺序连接，使文章顺畅、过渡自然。Dear_Professor_Smith，My_name_is_Li_Hua.Representing_our_school,_Im_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to_you_for_the_lecture_concerning_body_language_you_gave_us_last_week.Through_your_lecture,_we_have_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings_when_it_es_to_munication._I_do_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_beneficial_when_we_municate_with_people_from_other_countries.Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.Yours，Li_Hua一、复现单元考点增强备考信心.高考中的语法填空1(2018全国卷)Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding (misunderstand) of traditions.They think tradition means old things from the past.2(2018天津高考)Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults (adult)3(2018天津高考)A childs day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.Curiosity (curious) gave us all a natural awareness.4(2018浙江高考)In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.5(2017全国卷)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions (function)6(2016四川高考)The female hormones also protect the body in another way.They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.7(2016浙江高考)Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to_develop (develop) depression (抑郁) than people who dont.8(2015北京高考)I truly (true) believe that beauty es from within.高考中的完形填空(选用approach, curious, spoken填空)1(2017全国卷完形填空)I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.The _44_ languages were enough in all my interactions (交往)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.spoken2(2016全国卷完形填空)The man who had his bright lights on came over and told Larry he had made an emergency call.They then heard a womans voice ing from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle._51_ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.Approaching3(2014四川高考完形填空)This grouse came into our lives in spring.Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field.She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be _16_ about what he was doing.curious二、复现话题词汇提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：随着全球经济的迅速发展，越来越多的国际商务谈判活动出现，在国际商务谈判中，语言在沟通中扮演重要的角色，其中身体语言作为辅助工具能够帮助人们完整的传递信息，并可以打破语言障碍。鉴于以上事实，高考也青睐于此方面内容的考查，平时考生要多关注沟通方面的素材。话题感悟学习目标 语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)1 Though Thaler, a behaviorism psychologist, hasnt specifically studied the field of munication, his principle works just as well if your mission is to reach and engage your audience.“If you want to get somebody to do something, make it easy.”_1_ Herere the ways of applying Thalers approach：2 Develop a single high concept to summarize your message.The idea is that to make it easy for your audience, you should distill (提炼) what youre trying to convey in a short phrase or sentence.3 Lead with your point.And now that youve figured out the most important message to municate, you should make that your headline or subject line._2_It attracts their attention.It promises the solution to a problem.4 Emphasize the benefit.Answer your audiences key questions: “_3_”“Whats in it for me？”5 Be briefer than you ever thought possible.Dont worry about the word count; just cut and cut until only the most important is left.6 _4_ Were living in a visually mediated society, and most people would much rather watch a video or scan a photo or spend time on an infographic (信息图) than read.7 Reduce friction.In munication, friction occurs when an audience member is intrigued (使着迷) by a topic, but then meets with resistance on his or her quest (追求) to engage with content._5_8 Provide a clear way to learn more.Most people will want just a bite of information, but some will long for a snack.So provide an easy way to get more substance.AWhy do you think so?BHow does this affect me?CUse visuals to instantly convey your meaning.DThats the first thing audience members notice.ESo you should lower your voice before the audience.FSo think about how to make the experience easier.GHow does this relate to improving munication?语篇解读：本文是说明文，主要介绍了与观众交流沟通时的一些技巧。1选G该空前讲到Thaler所提出的原理同样适用于与观众的交流沟通中，空后的句子“Herere the ways of applying Thalers approach”表示作者下面要介绍Thaler的原理如何适用于与观众的交流沟通中，故空处为一个过渡句，而G项“这与改善交流沟通有什么关系”符合文意，所以选G项。2选D根据该空前的句子“And now that youve figured out the most important message to municate, you should make that your headline or subject line.”可知，把最重要的信息置于头条，这样观众第一眼就能够注意到，所以选D项。3选B根据该空前的句子“Answer your audiences key questions”以及空后的句子可知，空处应是问句，又根据第二个句子的特点和本段的主题“Emphasize the benefit.”可知，应选B项。4选C本题考查段落的主题句。本段的关键信息“visually mediated”与C项中的“visuals”相照应，所以选C项。5选F本空位于句末，空前提到与观众产生争执及其原因，故空处应讲如何减少与观众的争执，F项中的the experience指的就是前面提到的与观众产生争执。所以选F项。学习目标 题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透阅读七选五技法(1)依据设空位置，巧解4类题型(1)段首主题句如果空格出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。如本文第4题。(2)段首过渡句在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要考生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。(3)段尾总结句空格在段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等。(4)段尾过渡句与前文之间是并列、递进、转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示并列、递进、转折或对比的关联词。所选答案引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。
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