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益阳市箴言中学2018年上学期高一期终考试英语第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节 （共5 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项. 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. 音频What does the man like to drink?A. Tea. B. Coffee. C. Water.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。2. 音频What does the man usually do on Sunday afternoons?A. He goes shopping.B. He works in the garden.C. He reads the newspaper.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。3. 音频When will the match begin, according to the man?A. At 2:30. B. At 3:00. C. At 4:00.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。4. 音频What will the man do next?A. Go to the movies. B. Keep on studying. C. Check out some books.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。5. 音频Who is the girl talking to?A. Her dentist. B. The police. C. A vet.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二节（共15 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。音频6. Where does the woman want to go?A. To a school. B. To a car factory. C. To a bank.7. How can the woman get there?A. Go along the road, turn left and go straight.B. Go along the road, turn right and go straight.C. Turn around and go along the road.【答案】6. A 7. B【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【6题详解】略【7题详解】略听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。音频8. What did the man do in Mr. Turners shop last week?A. He bought a suit. B. He ordered a suit. C. He returned a suit.9. What will the man do in the afternoon?A. Go to the shop. B. Call Mr. Turner. C. Attend a meeting.【答案】8. B 9. C【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【8题详解】略【9题详解】略听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。音频10. What will Millies mother receive for her birthday?A. A shirt. B. A skirt. C. A small cake.11. Who will cook the special dinner?A. Millies father. B. Millies friend. C. Millie.12. Where will the speakers go this afternoon?A. To a bakery. B. To a grocery store. C. To a gift shop.【答案】10. B 11. C 12. B【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【10题详解】略【11题详解】略【12题详解】略听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。音频13. What month is it now?A. January. B. February. C. June.14. Where will Lily spend Spring Festival?A. In the city center.B. In her hometown.C. In the mans hometown.15. What does Lily think of the festival?A. Boring. B. Ordinary. C. Interesting.16. Whats the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Friends. B. Brother and sister. C. Co-workers.【答案】13. A 14. C 15. C 16. A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【13题详解】略【14题详解】略【15题详解】略【16题详解】略听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。音频17. What day is it today?A. Sunday B. Monday. C. Tuesday.18. What should people be sure to do today?A. Stay inside. B. Wear sunglasses. C. Take an umbrella.19. How much rain will e tomorrow?A. Only a little. B. None at all. C. Quite a lot.20. What might the weather be like on Friday?A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Stormy.【答案】17. B 18. B 19. A 20. C【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【17题详解】略【18题详解】略【19题详解】略【20题详解】略第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题; 每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMagazines can help get kids psyched about reading. The thrill of flipping through a fresh magazine can totally drive a new reader to practice words and learn about topics they might not normally be exposed to. For young readers who want to be entertained and learn something new. Here are our favorite kids magazine subscription(订阅) picks.1.National Geographic KidsNational Geographic Kids is designed for children ages 6 to 14. The magazine is published by the National Geographic Society and has been in publication since September 1975. With each issue, young readers enjoy a wide range of regular features such as “Amazing Animals”, “Weird but True”, “Cool Inventions” and “Guinness World Records.” A one-year subscription (10 issues) is $15.2. MuseThis magazine, launched in January 1997, features nine cartoon characters known as the Muses. The articles expose kids ages 9 and up to history, science and the arts. Regular Muse content includes fun facts, a question-and-answer page and fun themes such as extraterrestrial life (外星生命), urban legends and pirates. A one-year subscription (nine issues) is $34.3. ChopChopThis is an award-winning, non-profit quarterly magazine for kids ages 5 to 12. ChopChop is filled with great recipes, interactive games and educational food facts and is intended to inspire and teach kids to cook real food with their families. ChopChop received the 2017 Parents Choice Gold Award and was named the James Beard 2015 Publication of the Year. A one-year subscription (four issues) is $15.4. HighlightsWho doesnt remember reading Highlights magazine - whether at home or at the dentists office? Every 40-page issue helps children explore exciting new topics, investigate cool subjects and learn about our wonderful world. Highlights is ideal for ages 6 to 12 and features stories, puzzles, games, riddles, science experiments and craft projects. High Five, the preschool version of Highlights, is intended for little ones ages 2 to 6. A one-year subscription (12 issues) is $40.21. How much is a two-year subscription to a magazine launched in 1975?A. $68. B. $34. C. $40. D. $30.22. What is special about ChopChop?A. It has a history of 42 years.B. It has nine cartoon characters.C. It is helpful for kids to learn to cook.D. It includes a question-and-answer page.23. What topic do Muse and Highlights have in mon?A. Science. B. Craft projects. C. Riddles. D. Animals.【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A【解析】本文是一则广告，属于应用文，介绍了四本少儿杂志以及这些杂志各自的特色。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句The magazine is published by the National Geographic Society and has been in publication since September 1975.可知本题题干中提及的1975出版的杂志应该就是National Geographic Kids。再根据本段最后一句A one-year subscription (10 issues) is $15.可知这份杂志订阅1年需要15美元，题干要求订阅两年，共30美元。故D项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句ChopChop is filled with great recipes, interactive games and educational food facts and is intended to inspire and teach kids to cook real food with their families可知ChopChop中含有很多菜谱和游戏方面的内容，同时这份杂志还还鼓励孩子和家人烹饪菜肴。故C项正确。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句The articles expose kids ages 9 and up to history, science and the arts.以及最后一段第三句Highlights is ideal for ages 6 to 12 and features stories, puzzles, games, riddles, science experiments and craft projects.可知Muse和Highlights中都有科技方面的内容。故A项正确。BIn many parts of the world, there are four seasons: spring, summer, fall and winter. In the U.S., there are only three: football, basketball and baseball. If you want to know what season it is, just have a look at what people are playing.For many people in the U.S., sports are not just for fun. Theyre almost a religion. Thousands of sports fans buy expensive tickets to watch their favourite teams and athletes play in person. Other fans watch the games at home. The most devoted sports buffs never miss a game. Many a wife bees a “sports widow (寡妇)” during her husbands favorite season.Americas devotion to athletics has created a new class of wealthy people: professional athletes. Sports stars often receive million-dollar salaries. Some even make big money appearing in advertisements for soft drinks, shoes and even toiletries (化妆品).Sports are an important part of Americans culture. Throughout their school life, Americans learn to play many sports. All students take physical education classes in school. Some try out for the school teams, while others join school sports leagues. Athletic events at universities attract scores of fans and benefit the whole munity.24. What does the underlined word “buffs” (in Paragraph 2 ) mean?A. athletes B. fans C. clubs D. teams25. By saying “sports widow”, the writer means .A. some American men love sports more deeply than their wivesB. some American men often quarrel with their wives during their favourite seasonC. some American men can hardly find time to be with their wives during their favourite seasonD. some sports starts wives are left home alone during their favourite season26. In general, professional athletes in America .A. are well paidB. often appear in advertisementsC. live a busy lifeD. make big money by selling products such as soft drinks and shoes27. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Sports seasons in America B. American sports fansC. Americans sports culture D. Sports in America【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了美国的体育运动，美国人非常喜欢运动，运动对美国社会也有一定的影响，文章中还提及了职业运动员以及球迷“寡妇”等相关情况。【24题详解】猜测词义题。根据本句“The most devoted sports buffs never miss a game.”的谓语动词部分“never miss a game从未错过一场比赛”以及后句“Many a wife bees a “sports widow (寡妇)” during her husbands favorite season.”可知本句介绍了极端球迷对运动的喜爱。故划线词意为“fans”。故B项正确。【25题详解】推理判断题。本文第二段主要介绍了极端球迷对运动的喜爱，当这些“寡妇”的丈夫所喜爱的运动项目的赛季开始的时候，这些球迷丈夫迷恋于比赛中，几乎没有时间陪伴妻子。所以才会出现球迷“寡妇”的社会现象。故C项正确。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段后两句often receive million-dollar salaries. Some even make big money appearing in advertisements for soft drinks, shoes and even toiletries可知职业运动员可以获得很高的薪水，有些运动员也可以从广告里挣很多钱。总之职业运动员的报酬很丰厚。故A项正确。【27题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了美国的体育运动，美国人非常喜欢运动，运动对美国社会也有一定的影响，文章中还提及了职业运动员以及球迷“寡妇”等相关情况。ABC三项都属于D项的范围，故D项正确。【点睛】本文考查了主旨大意题，作者在ABC三项中设置了比较强的干扰项来迷惑考生。干扰项使得考生不知不觉落入陷阱，导致失分。所以了解一些干扰性的设置技巧会提高我们的解题准确率。1. 张冠李戴：要起到干扰的效果，出题专家常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴。通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况，考生可能只看到了文中出现过的字词，却没有注意到选项是否针对提出的问题作出回答，是否符合题目的要求，造成误选。2. 偷梁换柱：设计阅读理解题的选项时，命题者还可能在干扰项中保留原文的很多词句，给考生一种错觉，选项与原文意思差不多，但实际上内容有所改动，产生了不一样，甚至相反的意思。3. 断章取义：指干扰项去掉原文信息中的某个或某些重要组成部分，导致剩下的信息不完整，歪曲原文的意思。4. 以偏概全：阅读过程中，我们可能会发现文章中提到几点，在一个备选项中却只出现其中一种或两种情况，这种干扰项的特点是以偏概全，以部分代替整体。这样的干扰项通常在细节题中较多见。CThe sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to munity tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighborhoods throughout the US and around the worldLittle Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighborhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries e in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi River town of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honor his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his munity gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.“We have a natural sense of wanting to be connected, but there are so many things that push us apart, Bol told The Atlantic.Since then, his idea has bee a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to Littlefreelibrary.org, there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads.The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. When you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbors tastes determine what youll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal. A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life,” said The Atlantic article. Every book is a potential source of inspiration.”28. What can we know about Little Free Libraries?A. When you take a book, you need to put another back.B. Some libraries have specific themes.C. The books in it have to be the same size.D. Most of the books are donated by local libraries.29. Why did Tod Bol want to build more Little Free Libraries?A. He wanted to honor his mother.B. He wanted to build up a sense of munity.C. He longed to promote his idea worldwide.D. He was inspired by the sharing economy.30. Little Free Libraries appeal to many people mainly because_.A. the books are more about humansB. they can satisfy various tastesC. they provide chances to make surprising discoveriesD. the books are free to take out and put in31. The purpose of writing this passage is to .A. tell us about a new form of the sharing economyB. encourage us to read more booksC. introduce a famous library to usD. give advice on how to build libraries【答案】28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章第一段提及世界上的共享项目越来越多，在第二段中提及了共享图书的项目“Little Free Libraries”，文章其余部分详细介绍了这一项目的具体内容。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.可知有些“Little Free Libraries”有特别的主题。故B项正确。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句When he saw the people of his munity gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further. 和第四段“We have a natural sense of wanting to be connected, but there are so many things that push us apart, Bol told The Atlantic.可知Tod Bol看到社区里的人聚在一起交流信息的时候，他想他要做一些事情把这些人联系在一起。于是他创办了“Little Free Libraries”，希望用“Little Free Libraries”把社区里的人联系在一起，产生一种归属感。故B项正确。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal.可知让人们产生发现的快乐是Little Free Libraries吸引人的原因所在。故C项正确。【31题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段提及世界上的共享项目越来越多，在第二段中提及了共享图书的项目“Little Free Libraries”，文章其余部分详细介绍了这一项目的具体内容。所以本文主要是为了介绍“Little Free Libraries”这一共享项目。故A项正确。DResearchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence(人工智能) system, to write fake(伪造的) reviews(评论) on Yelp, a website showing customers reviews on shopping or something else, and its pretty hard to tell them apart from a human review.Their study, which will be presented at the ACM Conference on puter and munications Security in October, aimed to throw attention onto how easily these systems can write reviews like humans and how damaging they can bee if theyre not monitored properly.Since many small businesses rely on online reviews to help grow and keep their reputation, a future where someonelike a rival or angry customercould crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying.And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond a bunch of fake reviews on Yelp. “In general the threat is bigger,” Ben Y. Zhao. one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not. I think that s going to be even unimaginable.”To test how believable these reviews came across, the researchers invited 40 volunteers and had AI generate five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the review was and whether or not they thought it was fake. The AI reviews ranked as “effectively indistinguishable” from real reviews，according to the study. Further, the fake reviews were given a 3.15 usefulness rating, pared to a 3.28 rating for human reviews.32. What can the new artificial intelligence system do according to the passage？A. It can help train new reviewers.B. It can tell the real reviews from the fake ones.C. It can write human-like reviews.D. It can easily damage the businesses.33. What does the underlined word rival mean in the passage?A. A person who respects you deeply.B. A person who petes with you.C. A person who loves to give fake reviews.D. A person who can control you from distance.34. What can we infer from Ben Y. Zhaos remarks?A. Artificial intelligence can put the society in danger.B. The artificial intelligence is only used by the researchersC. Ben Y. Zhao is optimistic about the further development of artificial intelligence.D. The artificial intelligence will help people shake.35. What is the best title for the passage?A. Tips Suggestions on Giving Reviews.B. How to Tell the Fake Reviews.C. Development of AI in Review on Yelp.D. AI is ing to Steal Your Reviews.【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D【解析】【分析】本文介绍了芝加哥大学的研究人员运用人工智能在评论网站上写虚假评论，以此引起对人工智能给我们的社会带来的影响的讨论。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一句Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence(人工智能) system, to write fake(伪造的) reviews(评论) on Yelp可知这一人工智能系统可以在Yelp上写伪造的评论。故C项正确。【33题详解】猜测词义题。根据本句后半句“could crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying.”用负面评论占领对方网页的只有“敌人”或者“对手”才会这样做。故B项正确。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“In general the threat is bigger,” Ben Y. Zhao. one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not.可知Ben Y. Zhao认为人工智能会给我们带来很大的威胁，并且可能破坏社会。故A项正确。【35题详解】主旨大意题。本文介绍了芝加哥大学的研究人员运用人工智能在评论网站上写虚假评论，以此引起对人工智能给我们的社会带来的影响的讨论。D项可以很好的抓住读者的兴趣，可以作为本文的题目。AB两项与文章主要内容无关，C项过于片面。【点睛】本文考查主旨大意题中的标题类题，对于此类题型，我们可以运用“假定标题写作法”；这是一种逆向思维的方法。这种方法就是先设定某一个选项为正确的文章标题，那么，按照这个标题文章通常应该怎么写、写什么呢？根据标题里的核心词，我们可以在头脑里大致确定一下文章的结构和内容，如果二者与阅读短文基本相同，就可以判断该项正确；如果与短文大相径庭，就可以判断该项不对。使用这种方法的关键是找出标题中的核心词。第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Chopsticks1. When chopsticks were invented?In fact, before the invention of chopsticks, Chinese ancestors actually used hands to eat, but how did they eat soup and porridge? _36_Chinese started to use chopsticks about 3,000 years ago in Shang Dynasty.2. Who invented chopsticks?The records of using chopsticks have been found in many written books but lack physical evidence. However many stories are about the invention of chopsticks. One says that Jiang Ziya, an ancient wise man, created chopsticks. _37_But there is no exact history record about the invention. We can only say that smart ancient Chinese invented chopsticks.3. How to use Chinese chopsticks.Using two slim sticks to pick up food is actually not difficult. You can do it if you practice it for some time, even if you are a foreigner. The key to managing chopsticks is keeping one chopstick in position while moving the other to pick up food. _38_4. Chopsticks MannersChopsticks are usually held in the right hand, and left-handed chopstick use is considered as improper in China. Playing with chopsticks is thought to be impolite. _39_5. The philosophy of Chinese chopsticksChinese philosopher Confucius advised people to use chopsticks instead of knives because the metal knives remind people of cold weapons, which mean killing and violence.6. A chopsticks-themed museum can be found in ShanghaiIf you are truly interested in chopsticks, you can pay a visit to the Shanghai Chopsticks Museum. The museum gathered more than 1,200 pairs of chopsticks from China, Korea, Japan and Thailand. _40_A. Chopsticks were introduced to many other neighbor countries due to its lightness and convenience.B. It is considered to be polite and thoughtful to pick up food for the elderly and children.C. Bamboo chopsticks are most frequently used in Chinese daily life.D. The oldest one was from the Tang Dynasty.E. There also go around some other stories.F. Remember to practice with patience.G. They had to use sticks to eat them.【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. B 40. D【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，详细介绍了与筷子相关的历史知识、礼仪、哲理以及上海的筷子博物馆等信息。【36题详解】G 横线前句Chinese ancestors actually used hands to eat, but how did they eat soup and porridge?告诉我们中国人之前用手吃饭，但他们怎么喝汤和粥呢？人们不得不使用木棍帮助自己吃这样的流食。故G项“They had to use sticks to eat them.”符合语境。【37题详解】E 本段介绍筷子是由谁发明的。横线前句One says that Jiang Ziya, an ancient wise man, created chopsticks.告诉我们：有人说筷子是姜子牙发明的。横线后句“But there is no exact history record about the invention.”告诉我们这些说法都没有准确的历史记录。所以E项“There also go around some other stories.还有另外的故事”告诉我们“还有其他发明筷子的故事”与本段中心思想一致。【38题详解】F 本
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