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第三讲 There be句型与it基本句型增分句型(一)存在于四海八荒的“There be”句型There be句型表示“存在；有”，应用十分广泛和频繁，同时也是考生在写作中易犯错误的一个句型，考生经常会按照汉语的思维习惯写英语句子，导致语法错误。它的基本结构是：There be (be可用各种时态)名词地点状语(2018全国卷书面表达)There are some relevant details about the English short film to tell you.,有一些有关这部英文短片的相关细节要告诉你们。(一)There be句型的常见变式 1There情态动词be .Today is National Day.I think there should be many cars on freeway.今天是国庆节。我认为高速路上车辆应该很多。2There be sb./sth.doing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语)(20176月浙江高考写作)At eight on the morning of October 1, we are to gather at the gate of Orient Hotel, and there will be a minibus waiting for us.十月一日上午八点，我们将在东方宾馆门口集合，将有一辆小型公共汽车等着我们。3There be sth.to do/to be doneThere is still much to discuss/to be discussed.We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.还有许多事情要讨论。因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。4There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/es/goes .Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前，这座庙里住着一个老和尚。5There seems/appears/happens/used to be .There happened to be a lot of people by the road.They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。注意(1)作“有”讲时，there be与have的区别：have/has表示所属关系，即“所有，占有”；而there be结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所属关系。There is a new puter on his desk.在他的桌子上有一台新电脑。(电脑在桌子上)He has a new puter.他有一台新电脑。(电脑为他所有)(2)There be句型中谓语动词的人称和数应与后面主语保持一致。若后面有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，则应采取“就近原则”，即谓语应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。There are going to be two basketball matches this afternoon.今天下午将有两场篮球比赛。There is a pencil and some notebooks on the desk.在书桌上有一支铅笔和一些笔记本。应用体验1用There be结构补全句子我们学校这个周末有一场电影。There_is_going_to_be a film in our school this weekend.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。There_is_a_teacher_and_many_students in our classroom.在那座山的山顶上矗立着一座高塔。There_stands_a_tall_tower on the top of the hill.机场外有很多粉丝正等着见那位著名的歌手。There_are_many_fans_waiting to see the famous singer outside the airport.(二)含有There be的重要的特殊表达方式1There is no denying that .“不可否认”There is no denying that it was my teachers encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。2There is no doubt that .“毫无疑问”(20186月浙江高考写作)There is no doubt that I have little difficulty municating with foreigners.毫无疑问，我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难。3There is no need to do .“没有必要做”There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.没必要为此担心，因为现在政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。4There is no sense/point in doing .“做是没有意义的/道理的”There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。5There is no use doing .“做是没用的”There is no use regretting when time passed by.时间流逝，后悔是没有用的。应用体验2用There be特殊表达方式补全句子毫无疑问，写英语日记对你的英语书面表达很有帮助。There_is_no_doubt_that_keeping_an_English_diary helps you a lot with written English.争吵是没有用的。你要学会让对方理解你所说的。There_is_no_use_quarrelling.You need to learn to make yourself understood.给孩子们购买昂贵的衣服没有意义，因为他们很快就长大而没法穿了。There_is_no_sense_in_buying_expensive_clothes_for_children,_as they soon grow out of them.这里一切都好，不用牵挂。Everything is fine with me; there_is_no_need_for_you_to_be_concerned.专题过关训练用There be结构补全句子1(2018江苏高考书面表达)毫无疑问，完全依赖消费排名是不明智的。 There_is_no_doubt_that_it_is_unwise_to_depend_pletely_on the ratings in consumption.2(2016全国卷书面表达)附在该邮件中的是我的工作申请表和个人简历。There_is_my_job_application_form_and_personal_resume attached to this email.3(2016全国卷书面表达)然而我担心附件里面有一些单词和格式的错误。But Im afraid that there_are_some_mistakes_about_the_words and format of the enclosure.4(2015天津高考书面表达)如果还有什么其他我可以为你做的事情，请尽快与我联系。If_there_is_anything_else_I_can_do_for_you,_please contact me as soon as possible.5(2015广东高考写作)不可否认，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。There_is_no_denying_that_it_can_enhance_peoples_consciousness_of_health,_but it is more likely to result in overanxiety.6那儿会有寄宿家庭还是大学宿舍？Would_there_be_host_family_or university dormitory?增分句型(二)避免头重脚轻的it句型it除了用作人称代词外，还常用作形式主语或形式宾语，有时也可以用在一些固定句型中。灵活地运用it句型可使文章更高级，结构更紧凑。(一)it作形式主语的常用句型在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真正主语的常为动词不定式(短语)或从句，有时也可用动名词(短语)。1It takes (sb.) some time/energy/effort .to do sth.“做某事花费(某人的)时间/精力”It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。2It is (was)形容词(of/for sb.) to do sth./It is (was)形容词that .(2018江苏高考书面表达)In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.在那种情况下，按消费排名购买图书既方便又经济。(2017全国卷书面表达)Its necessary that you have a good knowledge of Tang Poetry.你对唐诗有很好的了解是很有必要的。3It is (was)名词(for sb.) to do sth./It is (was)名词that .It is a tradition and virtue for us Chinese people to help those in need.帮助需要帮助的人是我们中华民族的传统和美德。(2017全国卷书面表达)Its really a good idea that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.我们应该花点时间简要了解唐朝的历史，这的确是个好主意。4It is/was过去分词that .(2018全国卷书面表达)It is believed that the English short film will be not only meaningful but also interesting.相信这部英文短片不仅有意义，而且很有趣。5It seems/appears/happensthat .“似乎，碰巧”It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。6It is the first/second .time that .“这是第一/二次”(2017天津高考书面表达)It is the first time that I have been a volunteer, so I am now receiving all the training involved.这是我第一次做志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。7It is/has been一段时间since .“自从以来已经有多长时间了”It is already three months since he worked in this pany, and now he still cant find a job.自从他离开这家公司以来已有三个月了，他现在还没有找到一份工作。8It is/was (about/high) time that .“是的时候了”It is high time that you should make/made a decision.该是你做出决定的时候了。9It goes without saying that .“不用说”Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this proverb that brings me motivation and encouragement.因此，不用说是这句谚语给我带来了动力和鼓励。应用体验1用it作形式主语补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)这是体验中国文化非常好的一个机会。It_is_a_really_good_opportunity_to_experience Chinese culture.(2017全国卷书面表达)据说将会展出来自全中国的专家制作的大量的剪纸作品。Its_said_that a large number of papercutting works by experts throughout China will be on shown.(2016全国卷书面表达)非常遗憾星期天下午我不能和你一起去书店了。Its_a_great_pity_that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Sunday afternoon.我有可能会在这所学校里以一名志愿者的身份当助教。It_is_likely_that_I_will_work_as_a_volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.而且，多与你的美国朋友一起参加户外活动对你更好，这会有助于你放松，玩得开心。Whats more, it_is_better_for_you_to_join_in_more_outdoor_activities with your American friends, which may help you relax and have fun.(二)it作形式宾语及其他的常用句型it除了可以作形式主语外，还可作形式宾语。it作形式宾语和在一些常用句型中的应用都可以提升文章的档次，使文章更高级。1动词it形容词/名词to do/doing/that从句(常见的动词有：find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume)(2017全国卷书面表达)I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.我觉得和你一起学习唐诗是很有趣的。2I would appreciate it if .“如果我将感激不尽”(2016全国卷书面表达)I would appreciate it very much if you could check the contents and format for me.如果你能为我检查一下内容和格式，我将不胜感激。3Sb.likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when .“某人喜欢/不喜欢”I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.我不喜欢在电话上不得不说法语。应用体验2用it作形式宾语补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)我认为采纳我的建议对你有很大帮助。I consider it_of_great_help_to_you_to_take_my_suggestions.(2017全国卷书面表达)作为你亲密的朋友，我认为这对你来说是一个很好的机会，所以我想告诉你一些有关它的细节。As your close friend, I_think_it_a_great_opportunity_for_you,_so Id like to tell you some details about it.父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难达到父母的期望。Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find_it_hard_to_live_up_to_them.不论他在哪里，他都把早餐前散步当成一种习惯。No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go for a walk before breakfast.专题过关训练用it句式补全句子1(2018北京高考书面表达)我突然想到，像茶文化这样的传统文化具有极大的魅力和巨大的价值。It_suddenly_hit_me_that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value.2(2017全国卷书面表达)我认为这会让你感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于乒乓球运动。I_consider_it_interesting_for_you,_for you have been enthusiastic about table tennis.3(2016北京高考书面表达)在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。As far as Im concerned, it_is_everyones_duty_to_protect_the_earth.4(2016北京高考书面表达)更好地利用用过的材料是个好主意。It_is_a_good_idea_that we make better use of used materials.5(2014北京高考书面表达)不久之后，我们学校存车处有了两个入口，使得我们在那里存放自行车更加容易。Soon afterwards, there are two entrances to the parking place in our school, making_it_easier_for_us_to_park_our_bikes_there.6这是我第一次跨出国门，踏上异国土地。It_is_the_first_time_I_have_left my country and set foot on foreign soil.7我们从第一中学毕业已经十年了。It_is/has_been_ten_years_since we graduated from the No.1 High School.8据说教授已经成功完成了这个实验。Its_said_that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.
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