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Unit 4 Helping people around the world一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词省时高效 .阅读单词(知其意)1troublesome adj.麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的2victim n. 受害者3vacant adj. 空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的4staff n. 全体员工5political adj. 政治的；政府的6chaos n. 混乱，杂乱，紊乱7mountainous adj. 多山的 8assistant n. 助理，助手adj. 助理的，副的9shelter n. 住所；藏身之处10wage n. (通常指按周领的)工资11damp adj. 潮湿的12muddy adj. 多泥的，泥泞的13heating n. 供暖；供暖系统，暖气设备14bacteria n(pl.) 细菌15angle n. 角度.重点单词(写其形)1urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的2expand vi.& vt. 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强3possession n. 个人财产；拥有，具有4worthy adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的5alternative adj. 可供替代的n. 可供选择的事物6means n. 手段，方法7acquire vt. 购得；获得，得到；学到8worthwhile adj. 重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间9obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得10barrier n. 障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物11colleague n. 同事12fetch vt. 售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来13remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的14export n. 出口产品，输出品；出口，输出vt.& vi. 出口，输出 .拓展单词(通其变)1lack n& vt.缺乏lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的 2description n描写(文字)，形容，说明describe vt.描述，形容；描绘describer n描写者3addition n增加；添加add vt.& vi.添加；相加，求和；增加additional adj.附加的；另外的4equal adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与相同或相等equality n平等；同等equally adv.相等地5voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的volunteer n志愿者v.自愿做，无偿做6contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致contribution n贡献；捐献；投稿contributor n贡献者；捐献者；投稿人7starvation n饥饿；挨饿；饿死starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿8mitment n承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事mit v犯罪，做错事；把托付给；使承担义务9crowd n人群 vi.& vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤crowded adj.拥挤的10remind vt.提醒，使想起reminder n暗示；提醒人的事物语境活用1All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)2The volunteers contributed much time to the project. Dr Win was a major contributor to the project and he made a great contribution.(contribute)3Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients. Lack of nutrients makes the soil poor.(lack)4His generous donation filled our need for additional funds, and in addition,_it encouraged more and more people to give a hand.(addition)5After three days without food, the men were close to starvation. If we had e later, they would have starved to death.(starve)6You reminded me of my deadline to hand in my paper. Thanks for your reminder.(remind)7This girl described what she had seen and heard, giving a vivid description of the event as if she had attended it herself. So she was a good describer.(describe) 8My son makes a mitment to me that he wont mit the same mistake any more.(mit) (二)练中记短语记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.refer_to谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考2in_addition 除以外(还)，此外3draw_someones_attention_to 使(某人)察觉到4under_the_umbrella_of 在的保护下，在的管理下5if_only 但愿6break_down 出故障；抛锚7in_chaos 处于混乱状态8get_hold_of 得到；抓住9remind_sb._of 让某人想起，提醒某人10think_back_to 回想11make_a_difference 有作用(关系、影响)12contribute_._to_. 把捐献给13far_from 离远；远非，远不是14put_up 建造，搭起；张贴15take_on 雇用，承担，呈现16stop_sb._from_doing_sth. 阻止某人做某事17look_up 查阅，向上看18be_made_up_of 由构成/组成1.This garden has the best collection of native plants. In_addition,_it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.2As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for our feet are under_the_umbrella_of them to avoid being hurt.3I was forgetting the matter he had told me if you hadnt reminded me of it.4He was on his way to the airport when his car broke_down.5His study is in_chaos and it will take a long time for him to put his papers in order.6It is necessary to draw readers attention_to the catalogue.7Join us! We will contribute some money to the orphans on Christmas Eve.8If he was able to get others encouragement, it would make_a_difference to him.9A notice was put_up in order to remind students of the changed lecture time.10The problem he referred_to in the report was difficult to understand.(三)仿写明句式以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields. 这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。“主语beadj.动词不定式”句式，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。(2017全国卷满分作文)外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真正含义和文化。The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems are_difficult_to_understand for a foreign learner.2.I would rather you hadnt told me about it.我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。would rather that .意为“宁愿，更喜欢”，从句用虚拟语气。(2016全国卷满分作文)我宁愿我现在在北京，这样我就会陪你去书店了。I would rather I were_in_Beijing now, in which case I would acpany you to the bookstore.3.If only there were more people donating money to charities!但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款！if only意为“但愿/要是就好了”，常引导虚拟语气条件句或感叹句。(2015重庆高考写作佳句)要是我能回到过去重新设定我的目标该多好！If_only_I_could_go_back and reset my goals！二、课堂重点深化1lack n& vt.缺乏自主体验单句语法填空More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.You will not lack for money while I am alive.Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.一句多译她不受欢迎的原因是缺乏幽默。A_lack_of_humor accounts for her unpopularity. The reason why she is not popular is that she_lacks_humor.Lacking_in_humor,_she is not popular.系统归纳(1)lackn.缺乏not lack for sth. 某物应有尽有，不缺某物 (2)(a) lack ofn. 缺乏for lack ofn. 因缺乏(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的be lacking in (在抽象事物方面)缺乏重点强化易错处处防Lack in perseverance (毅力) can and in most cases will affect your effective time management.第一个inof佳句时时写(2013重庆高考书面表达)由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚(Yangtze Finless Porpoise) 的数量正变得越来越少。For_lack_of_human_protection,_the_number_of_Yangtze_Finless_Porpoise_is_being_smaller_and_smaller._名师指津lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。2worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的自主体验选词填空(worthy/worth/worthwhile)This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isnt worthwhile.一句多译这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。The reference book is_worth_buying,_because it is a great help for your study.(worth)The reference book is_worthy_to_be_bought,_because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)The reference book is_worthy_of_being_bought,_because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)It_is_worthwhile_buying/to_buy the reference book, because it is a great help for your study.(worthwhile)系统归纳(1)be worthy(2)worth adj. 值钱；值得的be worth(3)worthwhile adj. 值得花时间/金钱/精力的值得做某事重点强化易错处处防She said she was not worthy of honored the honor.honored前加being佳句时时写(2015全国卷书面表达)既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。Since_you_are_interested_in_traditional_Chinese_culture,_I_think_this_festival_is_well_worthy_to_be_experienced/of_being_experienced.3equal adj.平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的 vt.与相同或相等 n同等的人；相等物自主体验单句语法填空Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful.Its said that nobody can equal him in intelligence.Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations, big or small.完成句子I am_not_equal_to (不能胜任) the position, so I dont apply for it.His paintings are without_equal (无与伦比) in the Western world.系统归纳(1)be equal to (doing) sth. (in .)(在方面)等于；能胜任(做)某事equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物without equal 无与伦比(2)equality n. 平等，同等；均等equally adv. 相等地，相同地 重点强化易错处处防She was equal in performing the duty the pany had put on her.into佳句时时写(2014江西高考书面表达)其次，要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。For_another,_be_positive_and_cheerful,_for_your_mental_health_is_equal_to_your_physical_health.4contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿自主体验单句语法填空(2017江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.Failure can make a positive contribution (contribute) to your life once you learn to use it.系统归纳(1)contribute . to/towards .(把)贡献给；(向)捐款；投稿contribute to促成，导致；有助于；是的原因(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件make contributions/a contribution to/towards (doing) . 对(做)作出贡献重点强化易错处处防Reading may contribute to find solutions to our own problems.findfinding佳句时时写(2015全国卷书面表达)如果你想给我们的报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please_send_me_your_article_before_the_deadline.名师指津(1)contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。(2)表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。5alternative adj.可供替代的，供选择的；其他的n.可供选择的事物；选择对象自主体验单句语法填空Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline.If you dont like the school lunch, you will have the alternative of bringing your own.e with us, alternatively (alternative), meet us there.完成句子If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has_no_alternative_but_to_go by air.如果他今晚想去香港，除了坐飞机外别无选择。系统归纳(1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择an alternative to . 的替代品(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地重点强化易错处处防Having missed the last bus, Peter had no alternative but take a taxi home though he didnt like the idea.take前加to佳句时时写(2011北京高考书面表达)在追求梦想的过程中，我们可能只关注实现梦想的一种方式，忘记可能有其他选择。In_pursuing_a_dream,_we_might_focus_on_only_one_way_of_making_it_e_true,_forgetting_that_there_may_be_alternatives.名师指津“别无选择只好做”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth.; cant do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式 (does, did, done), but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。6means n手段，方法自主体验句型转换/完成句子The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.By no means is the problem as simple as we first thought.Students build up their vocabularies by_means_of_reading_more.学生们通过更多的阅读来积累词汇。Can I e and have a look at your house?Yes, by_all_means.我能过来看看你的房子吗？好的，当然可以。系统归纳(1)a means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径means of production/transport/munication生产工具/运输工具/通信手段(2)by means of 用，依靠；通过by all means 无论如何；当然可以(口语)by no means 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要倒装)重点强化易错处处防Chester is easily accessible by many meanses of transport whether you are travelling by rail, car, bus or plane.meansesmeans佳句时时写(2013重庆高考书面表达)与父母交谈不仅是了解他们和避免误解的一种手段，而且是学习如何爱他们以作为回报的完美方式。Talking_to_parents_is_not_only_a_means_of_knowing_them_and_avoiding_misunderstanding_but_also_a_perfect_way_to_learn_how_to_love_them_in_return.名师指津means是单复数同形的名词，类似的单词还有series(系列)，species(种类)等。7remind vt.提醒，使想起自主体验单句语法填空You must remind him to_take (take) his medicine, in case he forgets.Passengers are_reminded (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.This reminds me of what we did together during our holiday.I always remind myself that time and tide waits for no man.完成句子Please remind_me_to_write an email to my mother tomorrow, for its her birthday.请提醒我明天给我母亲写一封电子邮件，因为明天是她的生日。系统归纳remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind (sb.) that/how/what . 提醒(某人)重点强化易错处处防Writing reminds you your dreams and keeps you moving toward them.your前加of佳句时时写(2015广东高考书面表达)这个结果有助于你预测一些重大疾病和食物偏好，并提醒你合适的锻炼方式。The_result_will_help_to_predict_some_major_and_severe_diseases_and_your_preference_for_diet_and_remind_you_of_suitable_ways_to_exercise.1refer to指的是；谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考自主体验写出下列句中refer to的含义When I study English, I like to put my dictionary within my reach so that I can refer to it when necessary.查阅，参考I mention this point now in passing and shall refer to it again.提到The new law does not refer to land used for farming.涉及What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to？指的是单句语法填空/完成句子The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.We were pletely in the dark in/with_reference_to his future plans.关于他的未来计划我们全然不知。系统归纳(1)refer to .as .把称作refer . to . 把提交给(2)reference n. 谈到，提及；参考，查阅in/with reference to 关于重点强化易错处处防We have referred on his former employer for information about his character.onto佳句时时写(2011安徽高考书面表达)当我遇到困难时，我通常会选择参考相关的学习资料或网页。When_I_am_faced_with_a_difficulty,_I_usually_choose_to_refer_to_relevant_learning_materials_or_web_pages.名师指津(1)refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写“r”，再加上“ed”或“ing”。类似的词还有prefer。(2)“查词典”的表达方式有：refer to a dictionary; look sth. up in the dictionary。2break down出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌；崩溃；(谈判、计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解；将分成若干部分；消除，破除自主体验写出下列句中break down的含义Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination.消除Lets break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. 将分成若干部分Men are left idle when machines break down.出故障You will break down if you take on more work than you can.(精神、身体)垮掉Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.失败，破裂系统归纳break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into 强行闯入；突然起来break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)break up 破裂，分手；结束；拆分，分裂break through 突破break away from 脱离，挣脱重点强化用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken_into the office during the night.Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe. War was soon to break_out.Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to break_away_from all of my friends and never contact them. Scientists think they are beginning to break_through in the fight against cancer.佳句时时写(2014北京高考书面表达)我的自行车半路出了故障，我从上面摔了下来，使得左脚受伤了。My_bike_broke_down_halfway_and_I_fell_off_it,_making_my_left_foot_injured._3make a difference有作用(关系、影响)自主体验完成句子The sea air has made_some/a_difference_to her health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。That will make_no_difference_to him, whatever you may decide.无论你做什么决定，对他都没有影响。Johnson didnt seem to be able to tell_the_difference between right and wrong.约翰逊似乎不能分辨是非曲直。系统归纳make no/little difference to对没有影响/作用make some/much difference to 对有些/很大影响/作用tell the difference between A and B辨别A和B重点强化易错处处防What you told me may have difference to my decision.have后加a佳句时时写(2013安徽高考书面表达)我不仅不会到处乱丢垃圾和吐痰，而且无论何时都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。Not_only_will_I_keep_from_littering_or_spitting_anywhere,_but_I_will_also_help_clean_up_the_roadside_litter_whenever_possible._I_hope_my_behavior_will_make_a_difference.4主语beadj.动词不定式教材原句This landwasdifficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields. 自主体验The story is very interesting for the students to_read.这个故事对学生来说读起来很有趣。Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is hard to_get_along_with.尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。归纳点拨用法规则本句属于“主语beadj.动词不定式”结构，在此结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的用于此结构的形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, fortable, (im)possible, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。注意事项动词不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若动词不定式为不及物动词，其后必须要加相应的介词。The armchair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very fortable to sit in.这把扶手椅看上去很硬，但坐上去很舒服佳句背诵(增分要点句)(2018北京高考写作佳句)Beijing Language and Culture University is ideal for you to learn Chinese culture.(增分要点句)(2014四川高考写作佳句)Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar to me, they are easy to answer.5if only引导的虚拟句教材原句If only there were more people donating money to charities!自主体验If only she would_listen_to_me carefully at the meeting tomorrow.但愿在明天的会上她能仔细听我讲话。If only it were possible for me to see her once more!但愿我还能再见她一次！Its too bad that I failed in the math exam. If only I had_worked hard at it!我数学考试不及格真是太糟糕了。要是我之前努力学习就好了！归纳点拨用法规则if only意为“要是就好了，但愿”，常用来表示强烈的愿望和遗憾，它引导的句子要用虚拟语气。if only句式中虚拟语气的三种情况：(1)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. would/could do .(2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. did/were .(3)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. had done sth. .注意事项only if表示“只有”，引导条件状语从句。only if本身不是一个固定词组，only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没有逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装语序。In a word, only if you learn English by using it can you learn it well.总之，只有通过使用英语的方法学英语，你才能学好它。佳句背诵(增分要点句)(2013北京高考写作佳句)If only he had kept on trying, he would have got a bigger fish.(精彩收尾句)(2011江苏高考写作佳句)If only I had seen the picture earlier, I would have helped my parents more.单词拼写1Would you tell me the general description (描写) of your present job?2Many young workers gave up their days off to do voluntary (志愿的) labor.3If you want to acquire (学得) profound knowledge, you must start from the ABC.4China exports (出口) many raw materials to foreign countries every year.5The matter is urgent (紧急的) and something has got to be done about it at once.6All over the world many people still suffer from starvation (挨饿)7He spent his childhood in the remote (遥远的) mountain area.8Unfortunately, they lost all their possessions (财产) in the fire.9We have obtained (得到) permission from the directors to use some of our funds.10He did not want his life to be prolonged by artificial means (方式)11Staff (全体员工) are encouraged to use the library for professional selfdevelopment.12The government provides them with not only food and shelter (避难所), but also the basic skills for their living.13We need to encourage more people to take up the project because it lacks (缺少) labor force.14Apart from what you have mentioned above, do you have any alternative (供选择的) suggestions?15Before my best friend went abroad, he sent me a book as a gift, which always reminded (提醒) me of him.单句语法填空1He just graduated from the university last month, so he is lacking in working experience.2I dont think I am worthy of such an honorable title.3You must have a good education, but practical training is equally (equal) important.4I have no alternative but to_report (report) him to the police.5At every moment I was reminded of the difficulties we have.6He has made an important contribution to the panys success.7This is by no means a good way to make a living.8I made a mitment (mit) to him to pay all of the debts.9The house used to be in my possession, but now it is in the possession of an old lady.10Its worthwhile reading/to_read (read) literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life.单句改错1She reminded me of that I had a meeting to attend that evening.去掉of2The fact that the miners there work in dreadful conditions attracts the publics attention and contributes to make laws to protect the miners right.makemaking3To be punctual one has to have selfdiscipline, and the lack for it affects others.forof4When she was forty, she still kept a good figure by the means of exercising regularly and sticking to a diet.去掉the5I think your plan is very good, but do you have an alternative of it？ofto6He is a man worthy of to be trusted.We can count on his support.去掉of7There are many shops around the railway station.In addition to, there are some newlybuilt hotels.去掉to8If only I am a bird, I should fly through the thick clouds to my dream！amwere9After the failure of electricity supply the city was on chaos.onin10The flat, which is near the sea, is fortable to live.live后加in.完成句子1In some poorest regions many children died for_lack_of_proper_nourishment.在一些极度贫困地区，许多儿童因缺乏必要的营养而死去。2By_no_means_will I make the same mistake.我决不会再犯同样的错误。3The pills might have cured him, if_only_he_had_taken_them_regularly.他要是按时服用这些药丸，本来是可能治得好的。4Sometimes a small act of kindness can_make_a_difference_to others life.有时候一个小小的善举可能对别人的生活产生影响。5The problem you_referred_to_is_difficult_to_solve.你提及的这个问题难以解决。6His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worth_considering.他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。
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