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阅读理解-词义猜测二1、 Supportive text messages can double the chance of someone successfully quitting smoking, according to UK researchers. The study, published in The Lancet, called for texts to be included in services to help people kick the habit. Other scientists said a text service could be offered globally. According to government statistics two-thirds of UK smokers say they want to stop. This study looked at 5,800 of them. Supportive texts were sent to 2,915 of the smokers for six months. The rest received only messages thanking them for taking part. They were sent five texts a day for the first five weeks and then three a week for the next 26 weeks. Participants could also text back for specific advice when they had strong desire or had begun to smoke again. Saliva tests for cotinine,which is made when nicotine is broken down by the body,were taken to determine if people had really given up. After six months,10.7% of those receiving texts had quitdouble the proportion among those doing it on their own. Dr Caroline Free, who led the txt2stop trial at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,said: Text messages are a very convenient way for smokers to receive support to quit. People described txt2stop as being like having a friend encouraging them or an angel on their shoulder.” It helped people resist the temptation to smoke. The World Health Organization says nearly sixmillion die each year because of smoking, mostly in low-and middle-ine countries. “The lessons learned from the txt2stop trial could not only provide a new approach to stop in high-ine and middle-ine countries, but could also provide a useful starting point for implementing behavioural change in resource-poor settings. It has also been suggested similar text messages could be used to help people modify other behaviour.1.What can be the best title of the passage?A.Text Messages Help Smokers QuitB.How to Quit Smoking EffectivelyC.Smoking Is Very Harmful to HealthD.The Function of Text Messages2.How did the researchers judge if a participant had really given up?A.By sending text messages to the participant.B.By making saliva tests for cotinine.C.By observing the participant for five weeks.D.By making a questionnaire.3.The underlined “It” in the passage refers to _.A.a friendB.txt2stopC.an angelD.quitting smoking4.In which part of a website may the passage appear?A.Entertainment.B.Advertisement.C.Education.D.Health.2、 The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit card(信用卡) fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal website(非法网站). Websites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. On-line shoppers who enter their credit card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card numberor sell the information over the Internet. puter hackers(黑客) have broken down security (安全)systems,raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago,25, 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer(零售商), were not lucky. Their names,addresses and credit card numbers were posted on a website after the retailer refused to pay US $157, 828 to get back the information. Credit card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Web-only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated (欺骗). Ask about your credit card firms on-line rules: Under British lawt cardholders have to pay the first US $ 78 of any fraudulent(欺骗性的) spending. And shop only at secure sites; send your credit card information only if the website offers advanced secure system. If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The website address may also start s: /the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit card information over the telephone. Keep your password(密码) safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your password with care.1.What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?A.A lot of stolen credit cards were sold on the Internet.B.Fraud on the Internet.C.Many websites are destroyed.D.Many illegal websites are on the Internet.2.What is the meaning of “fraud”?A.Cheating.B.Sale.C.Payment.D.Safety.3.How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?A.Four.B.Three.C.Five.D.Six.4.You are shopping on the site: : / . Shopping, , and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do?A.Order the TV set at once.B.Do not buy the TV set on this site.C.E-mail the site your credit card information.D.Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.3、 At school, I was in the top set for maths. My teachers remended that I study economics and statistics as my A-level subjects, but I had my mind set on a life fulfilled by the arts. In fact, I was a victim of a gender stereotype made stronger since birth, that men do science and maths and women do arts or languages. puter science, technology and physics just did not figure in my teenage world view. Nobody popular in my school chose to study those subjects. Reality struck hard when I began attending job interviews and interviewers would say: “Its great that you speak foreign languages, but what else do you do?” Nobody asked my friends who had studied science or technology those questions. A survey recently showed that three of the best-paid jobs for women arc in the technology sector. Its a sector that really can change the world. We must show girls that technology has an effect on every industry out there, from fashion to architecture to journalism. Anybody can learn to code and these days its as important as reading and writing. Ive realized that at university Id achieved the wrong kind of literacy. Not being able to code limit your impact on the world far more than an ignorance of great literature. Now I have a five-year-old daughter. I dont want her to blindly follow gender roles the way I did. I want her to know the fact that a science or technical degree will not limit her creativity but expand it and broaden her horizons far more than my arts background could. Im exposing her to Minecraft and apps, which help improve analytical thinking and problem solving skills. Im hoping that my daughter will discover and accept her potentials in science and want to change the world.1.What does the underlined phrase “gender stereotype” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Personal learning style.B.Sex characteristic.C.Conventional sex concept.D.Profession difference.2.According to the author, which may be the benefit of learning science?A.Increasing job possibility.B.Winning popularity.C.Improving language petence.D.Enriching imagination.3.How did the author feel for her major choice?A.Satisfied.B.Active.C.Discouraged.D.Regretful.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Art or Science, Either is OKB.Good Subjects, Good FutureC.Girls, Choose More WiselyD.Catch Chances, Change the World4、 Languages have been ing and going for thousands of years, but in recent times therehas been less ing and a lot more going. When the world was still populated byhunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when theworld had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to bee farmers, andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal pulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better munications in the past few decades, allhave caused many languages todisappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages ishugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, oftenspoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europehas only around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia andthe Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. Themedian number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worldslanguages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A.plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800B.About 3,400C.About 2,400D.About 1,2004.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.5、With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting(警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the night owl schedule of sleep. This is opposed to the early bird schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as night owls and only 10 percent can be classified as early birdsthe other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.1.What docs the author stress in Paragraph 1?A.Many students are absent from class.B.Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C.Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D.Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.2.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A.Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.B.Students dont sleep well because of alerting systems.C.Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.D.Adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred pattern.3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word classified in Paragraph 3?A.Criticised.B.Grouped.C.Organised.D.Named.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Functions of the body clock.B.The night owl phenomenon.C.Human beings sleep behaviour.D.The school schedule of early birds. 6、 In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Takevisual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldnt tell how much theyd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spendingbad tables, crowding, high prices dont necessarily. Diners at bad tables next to the kitchen door, say spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not be overly concerned about bad tables, given that theyre profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.1.The underlined phrase none the wiser in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were_.A.not aware of eating more than usualB.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food qualityD.not fond of the food provided2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical music.B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brighter.D.Using plates of larger size.3.What does the last paragraph talk about?A.Tips to attract more customers.B.Problems restaurants are faced with.C.Ways to improve restaurants reputation.D.mon misunderstandings about restaurants. 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.B; 4.D解析：1.主旨大意题:根据文章第一段可知,根据英国的研究者们所言,支持性的短信息能加倍成功戒烟的机会。且接下来的文章中介绍了具体的研究过程及研究效果。故可知,A项正确。而B和D项范围太广,故排除;C项是正确的,但是并非文章的主题,故也排除。2.细节理解题根据第八段“Saliva tests for cotinine,.可知,B项正确。而其他三项文中并未提及。3.词义猜测题.根据上文的“People described txt2stop as being like.”可知,这里的“It”指的就是txt2stop.4.推理判断题.因为文章是有关支持性的短信息帮助戒烟的, 故可知,它很可能出现在网站上有关“健康”的部分。故选D项。 而A意为“娱乐”;B意为“广告”;C意为“教育”。 2答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句(因特网已导致信用卡欺骗行为大量增加)可推知此题答案为B。2.词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句(你的卡上资料可能会在非法网站出忾)和第四段最后一句(然而,可采用下列步骤防止受欺骗.)可推知此题答案为A。3.细节现解题。根据对文章第五、六、七、八段的归纳可推知此题的答案为A。4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的说明:安全的网址应在电脑的右下角有一个小字母,或在网址中有一个字母“s”,而题干中的网址中没查字母“s”,从而可推知此题答案为B。 3答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.C解析：1.词义猜测题,由第一段和第二段的描述可知,说的是作者是传统的性别定型观念的受害者。故选C。2.推理判断题.由第三段作者找工作时面临的闲境和第四段首句可推知学习理科符合时代发展趋势、能增加就业机会。故选A。3.推理判断題,由第二段首句及其中的关键词victim可推知“作者认为自己是传统性别定型观念的受害者”,故选D。4.主旨大意题,纵观全文,作者现身说法,呼吁人们尤其是女孩子(文章尾段专门谈到自己的女儿)改变观念和思维方式。故C项符合文章主旨,故为最佳标题。 4答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知,当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候,小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时,语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知,当时的语言种类很多。故选B。2. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为:强有力的语言。故选C。3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知,目前世界上大约有6800种语言,但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。4. 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been ing and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less ing and a lot more going.可知,语言的产生和消失进行了几千年,但最近时代语言产生的少,消失的太多。故选C。点睛:长难句解读In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal pulsory education, especially globalisation and better munications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.分析:and连接两个并列句,前面的介词短语in. . .作时间状语,all和前面的名词短语是同位语。句意:在最近的几个世纪,贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延,尤其是过去几十年来,全球化和更好的交流,这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。 5答案及解析：答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.B解析： 1.本文属于说明文范畴。在文中作者通过介绍一堂课中学生迟到和准时到的情况,提出了学生不擅长调整自己的生物钟而去适应白天的学业安排。然后在文中分析了目前青少年睡眠存在的问题,提出了两种不同的睡眠模式,即“early bird ”(早起型) 和“night owl”(夜猫子型),并主要介绍了晚上不困,白天困的“night owl” 现象。考查主旨大意。在文章首段作者首先通过数字说明许多学生早晨不能准时起床的一种情况,然后用一句话Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.来解释这种现象的原因,提出文章中心,然后围绕此中心展开行文,故答案选C。2.考查细节理解。根据第二段Typically, the preferred sleep / wake cycle is delayed in adolescents可知学生们对他们自己的睡眠模式不熟悉,没有能够恰当地去调整适应自己的生物钟,因而造成了睡眠问题,故答案选D。3.考查词义推断。A批评;B分类;C组织;D命名。根据上文第三段末句This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the night owl schedule of和第四段首句This is opposed to the early bird schedule,可知睡眠模式有两种,即night owl” 和early bird”,而此处把20%归到night owls类,由此判断该词意思为“分类”,选B。4.考查主旨要义。在文章开头介绍一堂课中学生的迟到和准时到的情况,提出了学生不擅长调整自己的生物钟而去适应白天的学业安排这一问题。然后在下文对此现象进行分析并介绍造成这种情况的原因,所以答案选B。A选项内容“人体生物钟的功能”,B选项“人体的睡眠行为”都比较片面,不能反应文章中心;而D选项“早起者的时间安排”在文中没有涉及。【长难句分析】Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.尽管这很明显对于所有的学生并不是真实的,但是对于那些真正的“夜猫子”来说这就为他们错过在中午之前不幸到来的演讲提供了一个极好的借口。该句为主从复合句。其中Although引导让步状语从句,who引导定语从句修饰the ones, which引导定语从句修饰their lectures。 6答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.D解析：本文为议论文。本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法,以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。1. 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线部分的前句they couldnt tell how much theyd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,可知,在黑暗中,他们说不清自己吃了多少,再根据划线后的句子they didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.可知,他们虽然吃得很多,但并没有感觉更饱,仍然在等着吃甜点,所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了,故A正确。2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特)可知,要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香,而D项文章没有提及,所以用排除方法可以选A。3. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spendingbad tables, crowding,high prices dont necessarily.可知,你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如:不好的桌子,拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费,然后依次举例进行了证明,所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解,故选D。点睛:概括主旨的方法是:先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时,要注意一些转折词,如but,yet,however,although,in spite of,by contrast,on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息,准确归纳主旨大意。本题的最后一题是主旨大意类,要求概括本段的主旨大意,根据寻找主旨大意的方法,通过阅读第一句话可以简单地总结出主旨大意为人们对于饭店的几个
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