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Unit 3 Science versus nature一、阅读理解。Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up e the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.This tension between what we feel we can have and what were seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的)suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think its easier to just give up. But were never meant to let go of part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us the real us. Its the part that believes in the life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little dead inside because youre dropping you. So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns?Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through todays challenges.While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind or the minds of those close to us usually says we cant. That isnt a reason to stop, its just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. Its all about starting simple and doing it now.Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and youll be on your way.1. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should _. A. slow down and live a simple lifeB. be careful when we choose to changeC. stick to our dreams under any circumstancesD. be content with what we already have2. What is the key to breaking the old patterns?A. To focus on every detail.B. To decide and take immediate action.C. To listen to those close to us.D. To think twice before we act.3. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?A. Escape from your punishment.B. Realization of your dreams.C. Freedom from your tension.D. Reduction of your expectations.4. What does the author intend to tell us?A. Its easier than we think to get what we want.B. Its important to learn to accept sufferings in life.C. Its impractical to change our way of thinking.D. Its harder than we expect to follow a new course.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。生活中有许多挑战，我们面对挑战、追求梦想时可能会陷入僵局。作者提供了一些建议不要杞人忧天，放下包袱，实现梦想很容易。1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句If you drop that，you begin to feel a little dead inside because youre dropping you. 可知，如果你放弃了梦想，就开始感觉自己内心死了，因为你失去了自己的追求。由此可以推理出，在任何情况下我们都应该坚持梦想。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的建议Decide and act before overthinking.(在过度思虑之前做决定和行动)可知，不要杞人忧天，你要感到放松。故C正确。4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者针对追求梦想提供了一些建议，告诉我们不要杞人忧天，放下包袱，实现梦想很容易。由此可知A正确。二、单项选择。1.Ive had a bad cough recently.Me too. Ive never experienced _ of air pollution in cities before.A. an acute problem B. a more acute problemC. a most acute problem D. the most acute problem【答案】B【解析】考查形容词比较级表示最高级概念的用法。句意：在城市中，以前我从来没经历过(比这)更严重的空气污染问题。从 never , before 可以看出原来从来没有比这更严重的，本句中用形容词比较级表达的是最高级的概念，一个的问题，用 a。2.Recently, a video _ “tiger attack in the zoo” became widespread on the Internet and aroused a heated discussion about who was actually responsible.A. being titled B. titled C. titling D. have titled【答案】B【解析】titled=which was titled。句意：最近，一段标题为“动物园里老虎的攻击”的视频在因特网上迅速传播开来，并引起了一场关于实际上由谁来承担责任的热烈讨论。3.The pupils in our school like reading after lunch, most of _ seated on the grass unless it rains.A. them B. whom C. that D. who【答案】A【解析】本题看似在考查代词、关系代词的用法，实际上最主要的还是与非谓语动词有密切关系。根据题干可知， 句中的seated 为过去分词， 因此选 A项， 构成独立主格结构“most of them seated on the grass unless it rains”。句意：我校学生喜欢午饭后读书，除非下雨，他们中大多数人就坐在草坪上读书。4.Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?It implies that drug users find themselves _ in a prison from which they cannot escape.A. to be trapped B. having trapped C. trapped D. trapping【答案】C【解析】句意：吸毒者发现他们被困于监狱中而不能逃跑。trap 与 themselves 是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选 C。find 后面作补足语的不定式不带 to；B、D 两项为主动意义。5. _ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.A. Being attached B. Attached C. Attaching D. Having attached【答案】B【解析】我们可以将 Attached to the gift was a note 理解成 A note was attached to the gift 句意：附在礼物上的是一张便条，便条上说对在他在这里逗留期间我们给他的接待表示感谢。6.Trump Tower, _ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization, is a 58story skyscraper _ inMidtown Manhattan.A. serving, located B. served, located C. served, locating D. serving, locating【答案】A【解析】Trump Tower 与 serve 是主谓关系，因此用现在分词，由此可以排除 B、C 两项；表示“位于某地点”，用固定短语“be located in.”，因此第二空用过去分词。句意：川普大楼作为川普集团的总部，是一座坐落在曼哈顿的一栋 58 层的摩天大楼。7.The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when _ by the police determine thepunishment, _ from a small fine to life imprisonment.A. caught; ranging B. caught; ranged C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged【答案】A【解析】 catch 与 person 之间是动宾关系， 因此要用过去分词， 排除 C、 D 两项； range from.to.意为“从到”，不用被动。句意：一个人被警察抓获时所携带的非法毒品的种类和数量决定了惩罚的轻重。范围从少量罚金到终身监禁不等。8.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices _ in the world.A. heard B. having heard C. hearing D. to be heard【答案】A【解析】句意：女性应该得到尊重，她们的声音应该让全世界人听到。“make宾语过去分词”这个结构表示“使得被”，符合语境，make their voices heard 表示“让她们的声音被听到”。9.Sharon, why is the man so upset now?His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen【答案】B【解析】句意：由于他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷走了，所以警察正在调查，将把他送往一个社会救助站。根据句意可知，用“名词过去分词”这个独立结构，因为 steal 与名词 wallet、mobile 和 IDcard 都为动宾关系，所以用过去分词。10.The draft regulation on the online protection of minors, _ for public opinions by the cyberspaceauthorities, has drawn wide public concern.A. releasing B. having released C. to release D. released【答案】D【解析】 句意： 网络部门发布的未成年人网络保护条例草案， 引起了社会的广泛关注。 根据题意可知， release和 draft 之间是动宾关系，即用过去分词作定语。11.To prevent further pollution, many people are _ the use of alternative energy sources.A. applying to B. pensating for C. catering to D. pushing for【答案】D【解祈】句意：为了防止进一步的污染，许多人正在呼吁使用可替代的能源。apply to 适用于，应用于； pensate for 赔偿；cater to 迎合；push for 努力说服，力劝，呼吁。12.The guest was pleased with the waiter so gave him a small sum _ in consideration of his service.A. in terms of B. in place of C. in consideration of D. in need of【答案】C【解祈】in consideration of sth.=as payment for sth.作为的报酬，作为的酬劳。句意：客人对那位服务员很满意，所以给了他一笔小费以酬谢他的服务。13.Im sure that she will remember the great favour he has _ by offering her a home.A. promised B. made C. done D. instructed【答案】C【解祈】do sb. a favor 或 do a favor for sb. 的意思是“帮某人一个忙” 。the great favour 是先行词，后面是定语从句。句意：我肯定的说，她会永远记住他给予了她一个家的恩惠。14.Large quantities of information as well as some timely help _ since the organization was built.A. has offered B. had been offeredC . have been offered D. is offered【答案】C【解析】as well as 连接两个名词词组作主语时，动词要与前一个名词词组在数上保持一致。而“Large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；再结合语境可知，此处应该用现在完成时。故选 C 项。句意：自从该组织成立以后，它提供了大量的信息还有及时的帮助。15.Difficult as the task was _, they never gave up and kept trying all the time.A. to be acplished B. to acplish C. being acplished D. to have been acplished【答案】B【解析】句意：任务尽管很难去完成，他们却从未放弃并一直在尝试。此题是 as 引导的让步状语从句与 “sth+be+adj+to do”句式的结合，在“sth+be+adj+to do”句式中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。三、完形填空。Research confirm that performing acts of kindness and sharing thankful thoughts have many positive effects on mood and health. They are among the top five predictors of happiness.When you feel thankful for something.thats gratitude. You never get it out of _1_; you are clear who or what is responsible,whether thats a loved one, a strange, or a higher power.Gratitude is how you _2_ to otherswhen you see yourself in connection with things larger than yourself. _3_, this understanding of our reliance on others is being more _4_ today. With mercial and social media, everythi8ng makes the younger generation feel that they are the _5_ of the universe. If its all about them,why thank others?If true, there would be a disturbing _6_ trend. Canadian researchers found that people who wrote thank-you letters or performed good deeds for a six-week period decreased their pain, upped their energy,and improved their mental health.And you can _7_ these benefits at any age. Old people who choose to be thankful are less likely to worry about their _8_ health.Gratitude tends to be easily spread,as well. Those who are helped are more likely to pay kindness _9_.One study found that when someone is thanked, it more than doubles his or her chances of being _10_ again, likely because he or she enjoys feeling socially _11_.If you arent particularly grateful now,you can learn to be. People who keep a journal of three positive things that happen to them each day _12_ health-including thankfulness. At first, it may be difficult to _13_ the good things that occur. But _14_, your train gets trained into a more appreciative mode. And in the end, the journal bees a book of joyful _15_. Gratitude training certainly es to your aid during the _16_ times because a greater appreciation for life is the_17_you focus on. _18_ your gratefulness directly with the person you feel grateful to, the benefits of happiness _19_.You dont need a scientific study to know that showing and accepting gratitude can ensure you an _20_ life, a much better life than you thought.语篇解读：心存感恩会给你的情绪和健康带来益处，现在的人们越来越缺少感恩之心，作者认为我们应该从日常训练感恩意识开始，培养我们的感恩情怀。做题时，把握作者态度，考虑上下文语境。1.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything.【答案】C【解析】结合空白处上一句，当你为某事感到感激的时候，这就是感谢。接着下一句 You never get it out ofnothing ，这里的意思是，“你绝不会无缘无故明白它”，短语 out of nothing 指“无中生有”，故选 C。2.A. refer B. submit C. subscribe D. relate【答案】D【解析】refer to 参考，涉及；submit to 屈服于；subscribe to 订阅；relate to 关系到。结合语境，感恩就是在和他人建立联系的时候，不只是关注自身。用 related to，表示与他人建立联系。故选 D。3.A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Besides D. However【答案】D【解析】therefore 因此；meanwhile 同时；besides 除此之外；however 然而。结合下文，现在的人变得越来越以自我为中心，大家的感激意识变得越来越淡。此处表转折，用 however,故选 D。4.A. beneficial B. difficult C. stubborn D. ridiculous【答案】B【解析】beneficial 有益的，有用的；difficult 困难的；stubborn 顽固的；ridiculous 荒唐的。结合语境，现在的人们把得到别人的帮助当做理所当然的事情，所以这种 understanding 变得越来越困难了，用difficult。故选 B。5.A. master B. center C. survivor D. creator【答案】B【解析】master 大师；center 中心；survivor 幸存者；creator 创造者。结合语境，商业和社会媒体，让年轻的一代认为自己是宇宙的中心。言外之意就是年轻人现在越来越以自我为中心，不懂得感恩。故选 B。6.A. health B. mental C. cultural D. vital【答案】A【解析】health 健康；mental 情绪的；cultural 文化的；vital 极其重要的。结合语境，如果这一切是真的，那么这是一个不健康的趋势。结合文章可知作者持否定态度，故选 A。7.A. continue B. approach C. sustain D. reap【答案】D【解析】continue 持续；approach 接近；sustain 支撑；reap 收获。结合空白处前面一句“Canadian researchersfound that .”介绍了常怀感恩和行善能够得到一些好处，所以这里应该是收获 these benefits，用reap，故选 D。8.A. original B. improving C. failing D. falling【答案】C【解析】original 最初的；improving 提高的；failing 失败的；falling 下降的，跌落的。前一句谈论了任何年龄的人都可以获益，这里形容老年人的糟糕的健康问题，用 failing，故选 C。9.A. upward B. downward C. backward D. forward【答案】D【解析】空白处前一句“Gratitude tends to be easily spread,as well.Those who are helped are more likely to .”感恩很容易传播出去，这些被帮助的人更愿意把善良传下去。pay kindness forward，把善良传递下去。故选 D。10.A. thankful B. respectful C. helpful D. careful【答案】C【解析】结合上一句“one study found that when someone is thanked.it more than doubles his or her chances ofbeing.”一个研究发现，当某人被感谢过，那么他会有两倍的概率去再次帮助别人，being helpful乐于助人，同时符合前文所说的感恩很容易被传播的观点。故选 C。11.A. valued B. influenced C. attracted D. noticed【答案】A【解析】valued 有价值的；influenced 有影响的；attracted 有吸引力的；noticed 注意的。结合语境推理，这些人更容易去帮助别人，因为他们喜欢感受到自己的社会价值。故选 A。12.A. cultivate B. emphasize C. benefit D. possess【答案】A【解析】 cultivate 培养；emphasize 强调； benefit 有益于； possess 拥有。结合前一句“If you arent particularlygrateful now,you can learn to be.如果你现在还缺乏感恩，你可以学着去做”，所以这里应该是要培养(cultivate)health-including thankfulness。13.A. analyze B. recognize C. summarize D. organize【答案】B【解析】analyze 分析；recognize 意识，认识；summarize 总结；organize 组织。结合语境，这里的意思是，首先你也许不能意识到产生好的效果，用 recognize，故选 B。14.A. roughly B. decidedly C. gradually D. accidentally【答案】C【解析】roughly 粗糙地；decidedly 果断的；gradually 渐渐地；accidentally 偶然地。结合前一句说你可能不会一下子获得成效，那么可以推断，这是一个日积月累的过程，用 gradually，故选 C。15.A. essays B. thoughts C. files D. memories【答案】D【解析】 essays 文章； thoughts 思想； files 文件； memories 记忆； 结合前文“keep a journal of three positive thingsthat happen to them each day”可知，经过日积月累，最后都变成了有意义的记忆，故选 D。16.A. dark B. golden C. sharp D. urgent【答案】A【解析】dark 黑暗的；golden 黄金的；sharp 锋利的，激烈的，敏锐的，机警的；urgent 紧急的。结合语境,“Gratitude training certainly es to your aid during the.”感恩锻炼能帮助你，因为帮助你，所以一定是在 during the dark time，故选 A。17.A. scene B. part C. plan D. potential【答案】B【解析】scene 场景；part 部分；plan 计划；potential 潜力，潜能。结合语境，这里说处于生活的最黑暗的时期，感激会帮助你，因为更加懂得感激生活是你聚焦的那一部分。言外之意就是感激训练让你在最黑暗的日子也会感恩生活。故选 B。18.A. Supplying B. Experiencing C. Starting D. Recalling【答案】C【解析】supplying 供应；experiencing 经历；staring 开始；recalling 召回。结合语境，这里说从感谢你认为应该从感谢的人开始，start with 意为“从开始”，故选 C。19.A. disappear B. accumulate C. emerge D. weaken【答案】B【解析】disappear 消失；accumulate 积累；emerge 出现；weaken 变弱。结合语境，这有利于幸福的积累，用 accumulate，故选 B。20.A. enriched B. engaged C. enlarged D. addicted【答案】A【解析】 enriched 丰富的； engaged 投入的； enlarged 扩大的； addicted 上瘾的。 结合下一句“a much better lifethan you thought.”，这里应该是丰富我们的生活，用 enriched，故选 A。四、七选五。4 Key Strategies for Running to Lose WeightAs one of the most active exercises out there, running is an extremely efficient way to burn calories and lose weight. A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running. 1 1. Healthy Eating is the First StepIf you want to lose weight by running, keep in mind that youll only lose pounds if you burn more calories than you consume. To lose a pound, you have to burn, through exercise or life functions, about 3500 calories. 2 Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply. Try choosing smaller portions of high-fat and high-calorie foods and eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.2. Follow a training scheduleSticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run. 3 So its much harder to postpone or skip workouts. Following a schedule can also help you avoid a running injury by not increasing your mileage too quickly.3. Run regularlyIf you dont want to follow a schedule, you still need to have some consistency with your running because you wont lose weight by running once a week. Its best to get some activity every day. 4 If you find that your motivation to run is suffering, follow some necessary tips to get inspired.4. 5 Incorporating speed work or interval training (running at a very fast speed for short intervals of time) into your running routine can also help your weight loss efforts. Speed work burns a great amount of calories in a short period of time. Youll also increase your muscle mass, causing you to burn more calories throughout the day.A. Keep it challengingB. Eat for PerformanceC. Youll know exactly what you need to do every day and each run builds on the next.D. So youll need to bine running with a healthy diet.E. If youre hoping to use running to lose weight, heres some advice on how to be successful.F. Here are ways to improve your running motivation.G. But if thats not possible, try to shoot for at least 34 times per week.【语篇解读】跑步是很好的减肥的方法，但是怎样才是正确的跑步方法，文章给出一些建议。1.E 【解析】根据上文A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running.150磅的人跑步的时候大约燃烧100卡路里。可知这里是：如果你想通过跑步减肥，这里有些关于怎么成功的建议。故选E。2.D 【解析】根据下文Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply.可知这里是：你需要将跑步和健康饮食结合起来。故选D。3.C 【解析】根据上文Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run.可知这里是：你将知道你每天要做什么，每次跑步给下一次奠定基础。故选C。4.G 【解析】根据上文Its best to get some activity every day.可知这里是：如果那样不可能，每周至少锻炼三四次。故选G。5.A 【解析】根据下文Incorporating speed work or interval training可知这里是：要保持有一定挑战。故选A。
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