高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题-猜测词义》课件.ppt

welcometoourclass 墙角数枝槑 梅 凌寒独自开 遥赞它是雪 只能说你呆 Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading Whatwillyoudo Ignorethemandcontinuereading Lookthemupinthedictionary Guessthemeaning 猜测词义读懂文章 高三英语阅读指导 猜测词义 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分 历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题 考查对文中关键词语 实词 短语 指代关系等 的理解 而且 所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上 但事实上 阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系 我们可以利用语境 各种已知信息 推测 判断某些生词的词义 猜测词义题目类型 对考纲外生词的猜测 ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots Mr Jim forexample speaksfivelanguagesfluently polyglot mostprobablymeans 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment 04全国卷 cloud means 通晓数种语言的人 使模糊 混淆 搅浑 Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn itwilllearn 07四川卷 Bysaying thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic thewritermeansthebraincanbe A usedB masteredC developedD researched 对句义的猜测 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有 1 Theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby 2 Theword ismostlikelytomean 3 Whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor 4 Theunderlinedword means 5 Theword isclosestinmeaningto 语境法Contextclues 构词法Wordformation 猜测词意 2011高考阅读理解专题 WordFormation构词法 英语单词大多是由词根 词头 前缀 和词尾 后缀 所组成 词根是单词最基本的部分 表达单词的基本含义 在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀 可以用来引申或转变原词的意义 只要我们掌握了各种词根 词头和词尾的基本含义 那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有 super 超 mini 极小的 微小的 micro 极微小的 re 再 反复 mis 误 恶 im 不 un 不 非 in 不 非 non 不 非 able 能 的 less 不 无 wards 向 supermanmicrowave 超人 nonnaturalmispronounce 非自然的 homelessnonsmoker 无家可归的 rebuildeastwards 重建 Canyouguesstherightmeanings 微波 非烟民 发错音 向东 1 10福建卷 In2005 afterthefalloftheTaliban 塔利班 whichhadoutlawedTV 1in5Afghanshadone 2 Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife 3 Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim Word formation 合成词 词性变化 合成法 转化法 派生法 词的派生 1 10福建卷 In2005 afterthefalloftheTaliban 塔利班 whichhadoutlawedTV 1in5Afghanshadone A allowedB bannedC offeredD refused2 Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife 3 Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim Word formation toimagineortodescribe adj 无法通行的 无法通过的 pass passable impassable 1 定义描述 3 因果关系 2 同义反义 4 举例归纳 5 生活常识 6 上下文推测 语境猜测词义 Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear Semantics thestudyofthemeaningofwords isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently 动物学家 牧羊人 语义学 1 定义描述 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或becalled beknownas bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示 或由is thatis tosay inotherwords toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语 用逗号隔开 构成同位关系 小结 2 同义词 Motherwastall fatandmiddle aged Myauntwasanoldwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain thefarmershavetoirrigate orwater theirfields Alltheothermembersareofthesameopinion Theyareunanimous 圆胖的 灌溉 一致同意的 反义词 ThoughTom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby Somehumanactionsarelearned butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway Now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil 污秽的 天生的 混乱 由and或or like as as thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系 表转折关系的词常有如but while however insteadof ratherthan unlike yet otherwise though incontrast onthecontrary等 小结 3 因果关系 Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers He ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade 贫穷的 混浊的 独断专行的 精明的 常用关联词 如because as since for so thus asaresult so so that such thattherefore等 表示前因后果 小结 4 举例归纳法 Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 家禽 装置 民俗 Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany forexample theunbearableheat thelackofwater thepossibilityofgettinglost thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo A pleasuresB conveniencesC dangersD equipment 常用suchas like forexample forinstance等引出例子 可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义 小结 Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater Inthestrongwind thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever 波纹 涟漪 颤抖 症状 5 生活经验 生活常识 逻辑推理 小结 根据自身的直接或间接的经验 或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来 因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯 宗教信仰 社会生活等 可以帮助加深对文章的理解 遇到生词 猜测词义的能力自然就提高了 6 根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义 例题 Tomcan tfindhissneakers C shoes Tomcan tfindhiswhitesneakers Tomcan tplaytennisnowbecausehecan tfindhiswhitesneakers A money B bowls Whatdoes inthepubliceye mean A 公众熟悉的 出名的Tips inpublic在公众场合thepublic大众eye眼睛 Guess B 在群众的眼里C 公开的D 令人眼热的 MrZhangoftenappearsinpublic Butheisnotfamous heisnotinthepubliceye 2006年安徽卷 精品解析 英语Lionsareopportunists Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves Bydescribinglionsas opportunist intheparagraph theauthormeanstosaythatlions A arecruelanimalsB arecleveranimalsC liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD liketotakeeverychancetoeat C 小结 所谓 词不离句 句不离章 讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景 所以在猜测生词词义或句意时 一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子 对词或句子进行合情合理的推测 排除肤浅的表义 选择蕴含在其中的深意 Inquiry basedActivities I 探究活动 1 1 Heisaresoluteman Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway A weakB firmC kindD clever2 Mrs Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype A 活泼的B 好动的C 多嘴多舌的D 可爱的3 Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes frompenurytogreatwealth A 便士B 温饱C 非常贫困D 虚弱 小试身手 4 Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady A 爱猫的B 古怪的C 闲不住D 动物保护主义者 5 Althoughheoftenhadthechance Mr Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture Theword jeopardize means inthistext A protectB endangerC continueD stop 6 Childrenarealwaysboasting Theysaythingslike MyDad scarisbiggerthanyourDad s MyMomissmarterthanyours and Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours Theword boasting means A 骄傲B 吹牛C 顽皮D 幼稚 Inquiry basedActivities II 探究活动 2 Passage12010高考真题精品解析 英语 福建卷 Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy Theunderlinedword inform probablymeans A affectB changeC disturbD reject A Passage22010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 江苏卷 Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather sname English speakingpeopleadded sor son TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn theRobertsfamily sancestorwasRobert IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheO DonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell Whatdoestheunderlinedword descendants probablymean A latergenerationsB friendsandrelativesC colleaguesandpartnersD latersponsors A Passage32010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 天津卷 WelcometoWindsorCastle theoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworld Windsorisoneoftheofficialresidences 住所 oftheQueen whosometimesstayshere AsWindsorCastleisaworkingroyalpalace visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairport stylesecuritychecks Forsafetyandsecurityreasonsaone waysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute Theunderlinedpart aworkingroyalpalace referstoone A stillbeingconstructedB stillusedbytheroyalfamilyC wheretheQueenusuallyworksD whereworksofartareonshow B Passage42010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 重庆卷 Onemorningmorethanthirtyyearsago IenteredtheTrackKitchen arestaurantwhereeveryonefromthehumblest 卑微的 tothemostpowerfulcameforbreakfast Inoticedanemptychairnexttoanelderly unshavenman wholookedsomewhatdisheveled Hewaswearingaworn outhatandwasalone IaskedifImightjoinhim HeagreedquietlyandIsatdowntohavemybreakfast Whatdoestheunderlinedword disheveled mean A Unfriendly B Untidy C Gentle D Kind B Passage52010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试IhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread Ilookedaboutthetrain Therewasnotonefamiliarface IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword relish inthesecondparagraph A chooseB enjoyC prepareforD carryon B Passage62010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 山东卷 Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse However beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase over consumption referto A Usingtoomuchpackaging B Recyclingtoomanywastes C Makingmoreproductsthannecessary D Havingmorematerialthanisneeded D Howtoguessthemeaningofwords 2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料 例如公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章 考生应能 理解主旨要义 理解文中具体信息 根据上下文推断生词的词义 作出简单判断和理解 理解文章的基本结构 理解作者的意图和态度 抓主旨明细节猜词义做推断 Readingmakesafullman Enjoyreading Unfamiliarwordsarejustlikesetbacksinourlife Youcanchoosetoignoreitorturntoothersforhelp butmostoftimeyouWillhavetoovercomeitonyourown Nomatterwhatdifficultyyoucomeacrossinyourlife rememberthataslongasyoudon tloseheart youaresuretofindawayout Homework 1 Gooverwhatwelearnedinthisperiod 2 Finishthegivenexercisesonguessingmeanings EnjoyEnglish Enjoylife Bye bye